• 한국음향학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국음향학회 1994년도 FIFTH WESTERN PACIFIC REGIONAL ACOUSTICS CONFERENCE SEOUL KOREA
• /
• pp.796-801
• /
• 1994

Measuring noise, sound quality or acoustical comfort presents a difficult task for the acoustic engineer. Sound and noise are ultimately jugded by human beings acting as analysers. Regulations for determining noise levels are based on A-weighted SPL measurement performed with only one microphone. This method of measurement is usually specified when determining whether the ear can be physically damaged. Such a simple measurement procedure is not able to determine annoyance of sound events or sound quality in general. For some years investigations with binaural measurement analysis technique have shown new possibilities for the objective determination of sound quality. By using Artificial Head technology /1/, /2/ in conjunction with psychoacoustic evaluation algorithms - and taking into account binaural signal processing of human hearing, considerable progress regarding the analysis of sounds has been made. Because sound events often arise in a complex way, direct conclusions about components subjectively judged to be annoying with regard to their causes and transmission paths, can be drawn in a limited way only. A new procedure, complementing binaural measurement technology combined with mulit-channel measuements of acceleration sensor signals has been developed. This involves correlating signals influencing sound quality, analyzed by means of human hearing, with signals form different acceleration sensors fixed at different positions of the sound source. Now it is possible to recognize the source and the transmission way of those signals which have an influence on the annoyance of sound.

• 산경연구논집
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2022

Purpose: This study aims to find empirical evidence and clarity on the phenomenon of the direct and indirect effect of perceived behavioral control on fraud prevention through whistleblowing intention. This study also aims to understand the influence of organizational ethical culture moderating between whistleblowing intention and fraud prevention. Research design, data, methodology: The samples of this research are 236 respondents consisting of the Head of the Finance Subdivision and Head of the Reporting Planning Subdivision and the finance staff who were determined using the purposive sampling method. The data obtained were analyzed using the Structural Equation Modeling technique. Results: The study results show that perceived behavioral control positively and significantly affects whistleblowing intention. In addition, perceived behavioral control does not affect fraud prevention mediated by whistleblowing intention. Furthermore, organizational ethical culture moderates whistleblowing intention and has a positive and significant effect on fraud prevention. Conclusions: This study concludes that the phenomenon of scandal that often occurs on a television is not a habit that must be followed. It requires an active role from the community as a form of concern for whistleblowing. Futher researchers can add other construct variables, such as good corporate governance to assess the performance improvement of the organizational layers, both internally and externally

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
• /
• 제41권4호
• /
• pp.861-868
• /
• 2023

Nonlinear network creates complex homotopy structural communication in wireless network medium because of complex distribution approach. Due to this multicast topological connection structure, the queuing probability was non regular principles to create routing structures. To resolve this problem, we propose a Co-cluster homotopy queuing model (Co-CHQT) for Nonlinear Algebraic Topological Structure (NLTS-) for improving poison distribution network communication. Initially this collects the routing propagation based on Nonlinear Distance Theory (NLDT) to estimate the nearest neighbor network nodes undernon linear at x_(a,b)→ax²+bx² = c. Then Quillen Network Decomposition Theorem (QNDT) was applied to sustain the non-regular routing propagation to create cluster path. Each cluster be form with co variance structure based on Two unicast 2(n+1)-Z2(n+1)-Z network. Based on the poison distribution theory X_(a,b) ≠ µ(C), at number of distribution routing strategies weights are estimated based on node response rate. Deriving shorte;'l/st path from behavioral of the node response, Hilbert -Krylov subspace clustering estimates the Cluster Head (CH) to the routing head. This solves the approximation routing strategy from the nonlinear communication depending on Max- equivalence theory (Max-T). This proposed system improves communication to construction topological cluster based on optimized level to produce better performance in distance theory, throughput latency in non-variation delay tolerant.

• 대한한의진단학회지
• /
• 제24권1호
• /
• pp.15-28
• /
• 2020

Objectives The aim of this study was to suggest basic data of health and medical status in Ethiopia for globalization of Korean Medicine. Methods This study was conducted from 26 to 28, Dec, 2018 in the MCM General Hospital in Addis ababa of Ethiopia. The questionnaire was developed from open form of review of system questionnaire and some question was changed. It was composed of 3 parts: chief complaint, review of system and medical policy. For more information, we interviewed the director of a public health clinic. The 94 questionnaires was collected. Three of them was incomplete, and 91 was analyzed. Results (1) Seventeen people appealed for head problem, and thirteen people for abdomen, and eleven for chest in chief complaint. (2) The number of 22 people had problem in nervous system. Twenty also had diseases of respiratory and digestive system respectively. (3) They also appeal for pain in head, mouth, eye, and neck and complained for fatigue, weight gain or loss, and weakness in review of system. (4) They put the priority on disease prevention than management or treatment. Conclusions This study suggests information on medical status of the people in the medical hospital of Ethiopia which is valuable for globalization of Korean Medicine.

• 전기전자학회논문지
• /
• 제27권4호
• /
• pp.679-682
• /
• 2023

무선센서 네트워크에서 센서 노드간의 통신 연결 실패는 계속된 연결 시도를 유발하여 많은 전력 손실이 발생한다. 본 논문에서는 CH(Cluster Head) 노드와 통신되는 센서 노드 사이의 적정 거리를 제한하여, 2차원 평면상에 적정 크기의 클러스터 그룹이 형성되도록 하였다. 클러스터 크기의 균일화를 위해 최단 거리에 존재하는 센서 노드들이 서로 통신하여 멤버 노드를 구성하고 근접한 노드를 모아서 클러스터가 형성되도록 하였다. 제안한 클러스터 균일화 알고리즘을 기반으로 클러스터링을 위한 최단 거리 기반의 클러스터링 방식에 대한 클러스터 균일화 개선율을 시뮬레이션 결과로 나타내었다. 제안한 방식은 네트워크의 클러스터 균일성을 약 30% 향상시킬 수 있다.

• 한국어류학회지
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.96-112
• /
• 1993

한국산 연어속에 속하는 연어, 산천어 및 무지개송어 3종의 형태학적 비교 연구를 하였다. 연어속 어류인 연어, 산천어, 무지개송어의 계측, 계수형질을 비교한 결과 체형에선 암컷이 두장을 비롯한 13개, 수컷이 11개 형질에서 차이가 있었고, 계수 형질에선 유문수와 새파수에서 가장 뚜렷한 차이를 나타내었다. 이들 세 종은 암, 수컷 모두에서 표준체장에 대한 체고, 미병고, 등지느러미 길이, 뒷지느러미의 길이와 두장에 대한 주둥이 길이, 안경, 위턱, 뺨의 비에서 차이를 보였다. 이중 두장에 대한 안경은 암수 모두에서 산천어 무지개송어, 연어 순으로 크게 나타나 3종을 분류할 수 있는 새로운 형질로 나타났다. 유문수 수는 연어가 103~236개(평균 151개)로 무지개송어 37~84개(평균 56개), 산천어 23~63개(평균 41개)로 종간에 좋은 분류 형질로 나타났다. 본 연구에 나타난 체형 및 계수 형질 분석 결과 산천어는 연어와 무지개송어의 중간 형질을 가지고 있는 종으로 나타나, Smith and Stealy(1989)의 계통수와 잘 일치하였다.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제12권6호
• /
• pp.615-626
• /
• 2003

The applied model for this study area is WINFLOW using mite element method, It is thought that the simulation result by WINFLOW model under the steady flow state reflects well the ground water distribution within the reliability level which shows the error range of 1.1% to 8.0% from the comparison between the computed values and the observed, and analyzed that the constant head distribution is shown along the east-west direction and gentle and stable head gradient along the north-south direction. Ground water of the study area shows stable movement from the south to the stream area, and the particle trace for each location shows relatively linear shape from the upstream to the pumping location while the radius of influence according to the pumping amount shows a significant difference at the down stream area from the pumping location. The simultaneous pumping from P and P1 shows more complicated appearance, not the increase of the radius of influence than pumping from a single well P or P1, and it is analyzed that the particle path takes nearly linear form. It is known that the flow direction of the ground water and the velocity of the flow affect on the magnitude of the radius of influence of the wells from the fact that the more decreasing pattern of the ground water head is observed at the side of the well and the down stream area than the upstream area when the ground water moves from south to north regarding the radius of influence according to the pumping amount. Satisfactory results in analyses of ground water movement are obtained through the significant reduction of the physical uncertainties in the flow system as well as the relatively convenient model application using WINFLOW model which is proposed in this study.

• 정보처리학회논문지:컴퓨터 및 통신 시스템
• /
• 제3권5호
• /
• pp.155-162
• /
• 2014

본 논문에서는 MANET 환경에서 2-level 트리기반 클러스터링 라우팅 알고리즘을 제안한다. 이를 통해 네트워크에 속해 있는 무선 노드들의 생존시간을 증가시키고 네트워크 데이터 전송률을 향상시키는 것이 주요 목표이다. 무선 네트워크의 기본 특성인, 무선 자원과 배터리 상의 제약으로 인해 클러스터 형성과 유지 및 관리기법은 네트워크의 안정성을 향상시키기 위해서는 필수적이다. 그러나 애드 혹 네트워크 환경의 클러스터링 기법에서 클러스터 헤드는 호스트의 기능을 수행함과 동시에 라우팅 기능을 담당하는 라우터의 역할까지 수행한다. 따라서 클러스터 헤드의 에너지 고갈이나 부재는 클러스터를 붕괴시키고, 전체 네트워크의 통신을 어렵게 하며, 나아가서는 네트워크의 수명을 단축시킨다. 결국 클러스터 헤드의 효율적인 관리는 전반적인 네트워크의 성능을 결정짓는 핵심이라고 볼 수 있다. 때문에 본 제안 기법은 클러스터 헤드와 이웃 노드들의 유지 및 효율적인 관리를 통해 전체적인 네트워크의 생존시간과 Throughput을 향상시키고자 하였다. 또한 시뮬레이션을 통해 MANET 환경에서 기존 LS2RP기법에 비해 Qos측면에서 평균 17%의 성능 향상이 이루어짐을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.99-116
• /
• 2008

This study reviewed pertinent literature and examined relics of manggon(a headband worn to hold a man's topknot hair in place), donggot(a topknot pin), and chigwan(a topknot cover). Before the modernized short hair style, wearing a gat was an important custom. Therefore, manggon, which was used to hold a man's hair in place under the gat, was considered an essential part of the man's official dress code. Donggot is a pin that held the topknot hair in place. It was a must have for a married man, like the binyeo, a lod-like hairpin, for a married woman. Unlike gwanja, it had nothing to do with official rank, but materials were of a variety of materials, including jade and gold. The structure of the donggot was studied in three parts-head, neck and body. Major forms for the head include the mushroom, bean and ball. Bullet and half-cut bullet forms were also found. Forms for the neck include straight-neck and curved-neck. A neck with a belt around a double chin was also found. Forms for the body include the tetrahedron, octahedron and cylinder. The most popular form for silver and white bronze donggot heads was the mushroom, followed by bean and pile forms. Chigwan is also called chipogwan, chichoal, choalgyesogwan, noingwan and sangtugwan. In poetry it was called chichoal, and it used to be called taegogwan in the past as well. Chigwan was so small that it managed to hold a topknot. According to confucian custom in the Joseon period, by wearing chigwan, men didn't display their bare topknot even when they didn't dress up. When they went out, they wore another official hat over the chigwan.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제16권17호
• /
• pp.7627-7632
• /
• 2015

Background: The present study was conducted to evaluate the technical feasibility, safety and adequacy of surgical margins with salvage transoral robotic surgery (TORS) for recurrent or residual head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients. Materials and Methods: Thirty patients who underwent salvage TORS using the 'DaVinci' robot were enrolled in the study and data related to their surgical time, complications and functional outcome were recorded. Results: The feasibility of salvage TORS in our study was observed to be 100%. Positive margins were encountered in only 6.7% of patients. Mean blood loss was 23.3 ml with no patient requiring blood transfusion. Postoperative complications in the form of primary haemorrhage requiring active surgical intervention occurred in 13.3%. Oral feeding could be started as early as the 3rd postoperative day in a few patients, with nasogastric tubes being removed on the 12th postoperative day. Long term gastrostomy tube dependency was seen in 10% cases. Median survival of patients was 19 months. Conclusions: Salvage TORS is a safe, effective and feasible option in the management of treatment failure cases. It offers an alternative surgical approach with unexpected benefits in terms of tracheostomy tube use, Ryle's tube and gastrostomy dependence.