• 한국가금학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.199-206
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• 1997

본 시험에서는 도계장에서 생산되는 비율대로 혼합하고 가압열처리한 P1 (머리+다리+내장), P2 (P1+혈액) 및 P3 (P2+우모) 등 3가지 도계부산물 사료와, H1(난용계 수평아리 ), H2(난용계 및 육용계 사롱란) 및 H3(H1+H2, 2:1) 등 3가지 부화부산물 사료 및 (C)어분을 각각 산란계 사료에 5％씩 배합하고 산란능력과 난질을 비교하였다. 산란율과 난중, 사료섭취량 및 사료요구율 등 모든 산란계 능력에서 모든 부산물 사료구들은 대조구와 유의적인 차이가 없었으며, 난각질에서도 처리간에 유의적인 차이가 없었으나, 난황색은 부화부산물구가 대조구보다 유의적으로 향상되었다 (P<0.05). 결론적으로 도계부산물 사료와 부화부산물 사료들은 산란능력과 난질에 나쁜 영향 없이 산란계사료에서 어분을 대치하여 5％정도 사용될 수 있었다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.361-368
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• 2019

The objective of the current study was to determine calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) utilization in 4 different hatchery by-products (HBPs) for broiler chickens. The four different HBPs included infertile eggs (IFE), unhatched eggs (UHE), low grade and dead chicks (LDC), and a mixture (MIX) of 55% IFE, 10% UHE, and 10% LDC with 25% hatched eggshells. A total of sixty four 50-day-old Ross 308 broiler chickens were randomly allotted to 1 of 4 dietary treatments with 8 replicates per treatment. Two birds were placed together in one metabolic cage. Additional 16 birds were used to measure the endogenous losses of Ca and P. A forcefeeding procedure (i.e., crop intubation) was used to measure the apparent and true total tract retention (ATTR and TTTR, respectively) of Ca and P in the 4 HBPs. The results showed that the TTTR of Ca in the UHE was less (p < 0.05) than that in the IFE, LDC, and MIX. The amounts of available Ca in the MIX were greater (p < 0.05) than those in the IFE and UHE, which were greater (p < 0.05) than those in the LDC. The TTTR of P was not different among the 4 HBPs. However, the amounts of available P in the LDC were greater (p < 0.05) than those in the IFE and UHE, which were greater (p < 0.05) than those in the MIX. In conclusion, HBPs contain high amounts of available Ca and P because of high concentrations of total Ca and P with a high utilization rate. Therefore, the use of HBPs in broiler diets can reduce costs on Ca and P supplements.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.193-198
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• 1997

부화부산물을 사료화하는데 필요한 기초자료를 얻기 위하여 가압열처리한 육계 초생추와 난용계 수평아리 , 육계 사롱란 및 난용계 사롱란 등 4가지 부화부산물 사료의 화학적 조성과 생물학적 이용성을 조사하였다. 조지방함량은 모든 부산물사료에서 큰 차이가 없었으나, 조단백질함량은 초생추 부산물구들이 60.27∼62.59％로 사롱란구들의 39.24∼40.09％ 보다 높았으며, 조회분은 반대로 사롱란구들이 29.18∼34.49％로 초생추 부산물구들의 6.50∼6.71％ 보다 높았다. Ca 과 Mg 함량은 사롱란구들이 초생추 부산물구들 보다 높았다. P 함량은 초생추구들이 사롱란구보다 높은 경향이었으며, K Na Zn 함량은 초생추와 사롱란에서 모두 난용계가 육용계보다 높은 경향이었으나 P은 육용계가 난용계보다 높은 경향이었다. 아미노산의 총량은 초생추구들이 54.I5∼56.20％로 사롱란구들의 29.16∼31.45％ 보다 높았으며, 초생추와 사롱란에서 모두 난용계가 육계보다 높은 경향이었다. 아미노산이용율은 전반적으로 초생추구들이 사롱란구들 보다 높았으며, 초생추와 사롱란에서 모두 육용계가 난용계보다 높은 경향이었다. ME가는 전반적으로 초생추구들이 사롱란구들 보다 높게 측정되었다. 결론적으로 난용계 수평아리는 고단백질-고에너지 사료자원으로, 난용계 및 육계 사롱은 고단백질-고칼슘 사료자원으로 이용될수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.63-71
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• 2002

Three fabrication techniques for forming thin barrier layer with uniform thickness and large barrier height in magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) are discussed. First, the effect of immiscible element addition to Cu layer, a high conducting layer generally placed under the MTJ, is investigated in order to reduce the surface roughness of the bottom ferromagnetic layer, on which the barrier is formed. The Ag addition to the Cu layer successfully realizes the smooth surface of the ferromagnetic layer because of the suppression of the grain growth of Cu. Second, a new plasma source, characterized as low electron energy of 1 eV and high density of $10^{12}$ $cm^{-3}$, is introduced to the Al oxidation process in MTJ fabrication in order to reduce damages to the barrier layer by the ion-bombardment. The magnetotransport properties of the MTJs are investigated as a function of the annealing temperature. As a peculiar feature, the monotonous decrease of resistance area product (RA) is observed with increasing the annealing temperature. The decrease of the RA is due to the decrease of the effective barrier width. Third, the influence of the mixed inert gas species for plasma oxidization process of metallic Al layer on the tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) was investigated. By the use of Kr-O$_2$ plasma for Al oxidation process, a 58.8 % of MR ratio was obtained at room temperature after annealing the junction at $300{^{\circ}C}$, while the achieved TMR ratio of the MTJ fabricated with usual Ar-$0_2$ plasma remained 48.4%. A faster oxidization rate of the Al layer by using Kr-O$_2$ plasma is a possible cause to prevent the over oxidization of Al layer and to realize a large magnetoresistance.