• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.197-203
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• 2004

골격성 II급 부정교합을 치료하는데 있어서, Tweed-Merrifield directional force technology는 시계 반대 방향으로의 양호한 골격적 변화 및 균형 잡힌 안모를 얻는데 기여하고 있다. 이는 적절한 방향으로의 J-hook을 통한 headgear force의 사용이 필수적이다. 따라서 환자의 협조에 대한 의존이 절대적이므로 약간의 문제점이 있는 것 또한 사실이다. 하지만 최근 skeletal anchorage를 이용하여 환자의 협조를 최소화하면서도 보다 효과적으로 고정원 보강을 할 수 있는 방법이 많이 시행되고 있어 이를 보완 할 수 있게 되었다. 저자는 HPJH(high pull J-hook)과 skeletal anchorage를 병용하여 directional force를 적용한 결과 상악 구치부에서의 고정원 보강과 상악 전치부의 토크 조절 및 mandibular response를 얻음으로써 양호한 안모의 균형을 얻을 수가 있었다. 이 치료 결과로 보아 skeletal anchorage는 HPJH을 대신하여 상악 견치 및 전치부 견인시 상악 구치부의 전후적 및 수직적 고정원 보강 역할을 할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다 상악 전치부 견인시 상악 전치부의 토크 조절, 압하 및 치체이동을 위해 HPJH을 사용하였지만, 이 또한 mini 혹은 microscrew로 대체한다면 환자의 협조를 최소화하면서도 양호한 치료결과를 얻을 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.116-121
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• 1983

감귤(柑橘)의 저장성(貯藏性) 향상(向上)을 위한 $^{60}CO-{\gamma}$ 선(線) 조사(照射)가 제주산온주감귤(濟州産溫州柑橘)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 조사(調査)하였다. 온주감귤(溫州柑橘) 4개(個) 계통(系統)을 10.000Ci, $^{60}CO-{\gamma}$ 선원(線源)을 이용(利用) 0, 50, 100, 150 Krad 수준(水準)으로 조사(照射)하여 22일간(日間) 반지하지(半地下地) 저장고(貯藏庫)에 저장(貯藏) 조사(調査)한 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 아래와 같다. 1. 저장종료시(貯藏終了時)까지의 감귤(柑橘) 누적부패율(累積腐敗率)은 중생계(中生系)인 미택(米澤)($T_2$)74.32%, 조생온주(早生溫州) ($T_1$)69.67%, 중만생계림온주(中晩生系林溫州) ($T_3$)61.79%와 만생계(晩生系) 청도(靑島) ($T_4$)가 64.33%였다. 반면(反面) 서울지역(地域)의 부패율(腐敗率)은 저장(貯藏)72일(日)에서 $T_1$:28%, $T_3$;25% $T_4$;24%로 제주지역(濟州地域)에 비(比)해 월등(越等)히 낮았다. 감귤(柑橘)이 부패(腐敗)는 저장초기(貯藏初期)에 서서(徐徐)히 증가(增加)하나 조사후(照射後) 59일(日) 부터는 급격(急激)히 상승(上昇)하기 시작하였다. 부패율(腐敗率)과 감귤계통(柑橘系統) 사이에는 고도(高度)의 상관관계가 있었으며 저장성(貯藏性)은 $T_3$와 $T_4$가 가장 우수하였다. ($T_3;\hat{y}=0.78x-15.30$, T_4;\hat{y}=0.79x-12.29, $T_1;\hat{y}=0.93x-9.01$, $T_2;\hat{y}=0.79x-13.49$) 방사선(放射線) 고조사수준(高照射水準)(100, 150Krad)은 저장중기(貯藏中期)까지 감귤저장(柑橘貯藏)에 효과(效果)가 있었으나 조사(照射) 76일(日) 이후(以後)에는 대조구(對照區)와 차(差)가 없었다. 2. 방사선(放射線) 조사(照射)는 저장기간중(貯藏期間中) 감귤(柑橘)의 산도(酸度)를 감소(減少)시켰으며 평균산도(平均酸度)는 $T_1$;1.01%, $T_3$;1.01%, $T_4$;0.84% 및 $T_2$;0.77%로 감귤계통(柑橘系統) 및 조사선량(照射線量) 간(間)에는 높은 (p<0.01) 유의차(有意差)가 인정(認定)되었다. 3. 모든 처리구(處理區)에서 환원당(還元糖)과 전당함량(全糖含量)은 증가(增加)하고 있었으나 통계적(統計的) 유의성(有意性)은 없었고 50krad 조사구(照射區)에서만은 대조구(對照區)에 비(比)해 유의적(有意的)(p<0.01)으로 감소(減少)하고 있었다. 당도(糖度)는 $T_1$, $T_4$가 $T_2$, $T_3$에 비(比)해 높았으며 고선량수준(高線量水準)(100, 150Krad)에서 대조(對照)에 비(比)해 유의적(有意的)인 감소(減少)가 있었다(p<1.01) ascorbic acid의 함량(含量)은 모든 처리구(處理區)에서 저장시기(貯藏時期)가 경과(經過)됨에 따라 감소(減少)하였으며 고조사선량(高照射線量) 수준(水準)에서 대조구(對照區)에 비(比)해 유의적(有意的)인 감소(減少)가 있었다(P<0.01).

• 복식
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• 제54권8호
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• pp.147-162
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics of Grotesque in Contemporary Fashion. The study selected the 1990's or after fashion material by the material of both $pr{\hat{e}}t-{\grave{a}}-porter$ collection and haute couture collection based on Europe. These days, the characteristics of grotesque have been categorized into four groups based on the theory of representative scholars of the Post Modernism era. The results are as follows. ${\cdot}$ The devilism creates shocking and destructive cruelty and fear by using frightening object and mysterious and devilish motif which symbolize the death of fashion ${\cdot}$ Hatred produces physical destroy of human body, anatomical expression inside human body, cruelty by naked sex expression, pains, cruel treatment, disillusion and unpleasantness, which have been caused by the disturbance and ideological confrontation of the society, and is said to be a kind of self-confession against dislike and fear of the disclosure of human existence. ${\cdot}$ Playfulness distorts and exaggerates clothes and human body forms, and produces abnormality and mystery because of vague sex identity. The playfulness of fashion can open fixed and closed world and lead it flexibly. ${\cdot}$ Heterogeneity is divided into both primitiveness and virtuality The primitiveness distorts or transforms human body through the human body decoration of primitive race, and expresses a grotesque form combining human being and other animals. It gives a question to the existence of alienated and suppressed life through the world. in which everything is mixed and not separated. The virtuality introduces not only cyborg form combining human being and machines but also state of the art technology factors, so that it emphasizes non-mechanical and non-human grotesque images.

• Conservation and Restoration of Cultural Heritage
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.9-22
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• 2012

The most widely excavated iron artifacts used as weapons or farm tools from central southern regions of Korea were subjects of non-metallic inclusion analysis through metallographic examination, microhardness measurement, and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Through metallographic interpretation and study of the analyzed results, the steel manufacturing and iron smelting using heat processing in the iron artifacts excavated from the central southern region of the ancient Korean peninsula was studied, and the analysis of the non-metallic inclusions mixed within the metallic structures was interpreted as the ternary phase diagram of the oxide to infer the type of iron ores for the iron products and the temperature of the furnace used to smelt them. Most of the ancient forged iron artifacts showed $Al_2O_3/SiO_2$ with high $SiO_2$ contents and relatively low $Al_2O_3$ contents for iron ore, indicating t hat for $Al_2O_3$ below 5%, it is presumed that magnetic iron ores were reduced to bloom iron (sponge iron) with direct-reduction process for production. The temperature for extraction of wustite for $Al_2O_3$ below 1% was found to be $1,020{\sim}1,050^{\circ}C$. Considering the oxide ternary constitutional diagram of glassy inclusions, the steel-manufacturing temperature was presumed to have been near $1,150{\sim}1,280^{\circ}C$ in most cases, and minimum melting temperature of casting iron part excavated in Daeseong-ri. Gyeonggi was near $1,400^{\circ}C$, and it is thought that hypoeutectic cast iron of about 2.3% carbon was casted and fragility of cast iron was improved by decarburizing in solid state.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.37-43
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• 2004

Objectives : This study was carried out to understand the prevalence and risk factors of green tobacco sickness (GTS) among Korean tobacco harvesters. Methods : The authors conducted a questionnaire among the tobacco harvesters (1,064 persons from 555 out of 723 tobacco harvesting households) in Cheongsong-gun for 4 days from May 7 to 10, 2002. Results : The study subjects were 550 males and 514 females. The recognition and experience of GTS up until 2001 were 96.4% and 61.9%, respectively. The prevalence of GTS in 2001 was 42.5%, and was significantly higher in females than in males (59.0% vs. 26.6%, p<0.01). The incidence density of GTS according to the number of workdays in 2001 was 12.3 spells/100 person..days. The GTS symptoms reported by the tobacco harvesters in 2001 were dizziness in 441 cases (97.6%), nausea in 414 (91.6%), headache in 349 (77.2%) and vomiting in 343 (75.9%). The use of gloves, hat and wristlets, sweating at work and the number of working hours significantly increased the prevalence of GTS (p<0.05). Multiple logistic re- gression analysis was used to determine the factors significantly associated with GTS. Odds ratios for smoking, working over 10 hours and sweating at work were 0.26 (95% CI:0.19-0.35), 1.64 (95% CI:1.26-2.14) and 1.60 (95% CI:1.14-2.25), respectively. Of those who reported GTS in 2001, 311 cases (68.8%) underwent treatment from their local medical facilities. Conclusions : In Korea, there are many tobacco-harvesting households, and most may be stricken with GTS. More extensive epidemiological studies, including the incidence and associated risk factors, are expected and a surveillance system including measurements of cotinine in urine should be conducted.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.207-211
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• 2003

This investigation aimed to determine the relative merit of osseointegration in immediate and delayed implantation in the dog mandible using radiography and bone scintigraphy. five adult mongrel dogs with a mean weight of 8.5 kg were used in this investigation. During the entire study period. all dogs were fed with a soft commercial diet and water ad libitum to minimize functional loading of the implant. Twenty titanium alloy systems 4 mm in diameter and 10 mm in length blasted with calcium phosphate were prepared for insertion. The second and third left mandibular premolars in each dog were extracted for the delayed implant insertion. Twelve weeks later, the second and third right mandibular premolars were extracted for the immediate implant insertion. Before the delayed and immediate implantation procedures and 0, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after the insertions, radiography and bone scintigraphy were conducted. Bone scans were obtained using a large field of view gamma camera equipped with a collimator about 3 hours after intravenous injection of Tc-99m-MDP to the dogs. All the dogs were evaluated weekly for inflammation, necrosis, and other of the bone or sort tissue. Significant macroscopic lesions were not detected. Radioisotope scintigraphy with Tc-99m-MDP hat proved to be a reliable method for measuring increased bone activity at specific skeleton tissue sites. In conclusion, osseointegration in peri-implant bone did not differ significantly between the immediate and delayed implant procedures during the experimental period. The immediate implant may be an alternative treatment of implant insertion in animals.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.89-95
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• 2001

규소 결정의 용융 온도 근처인 $1350^{\circ}C$에서 Ar과 $O_{2}$gas를 이용하여 규소 wafer의 열처리시 vacancy ty[e 결함의 거동에 대해 알아보았다. 이 열처리에서는 wafer의 표면보다 wafer내부에서 결함의 용해속도가 매우 높음을 확인하였다. 이는 $1350^{\circ}C$에서는 규소내의 평형산소농도가 대부분의 CZ silicon에서의 산소농도보다 높아 산소의 understaturation현상과 silicon interstitial농도의 영향에 기인된 것으로 예상된다. 열처리 분위기의 영향을 알아보기 위하여 Ar과 $O_{2}$ 분위기에서 열처리한 결과 vacancy type 결함의 용해속도는 wafer의 내부에서는 차이가 없었고, wafer의 표면에서는 Ar이 $O_{2}$의 경우보다 결함의 용해속도가 높았다. $O_{2}$의 경우에는 표면산화막 성장시 유입된 silicon interstitial의 농도가 높아 결함의 용해속도가 떨어지는 것으로 판단된다. 이는 기존 연구에서 예상된 silicon interstitial이 vacancy cluster로 알려진 결정결함의 제거에 기여한다는 예상과는 상반된다. 본 연구의 결과 silicon interstitial의 존재는 void외부 산화막의 용해속도를 늦추어 결함 용해속도를 떨어뜨리는 것으로 예상된다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.3605-3610
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• 2016

Background: Histone acetylation in chromatin structures plays a key role in regulation of gene transcription and is strictly controlled by histone acetyltransferase (HAT) and deacetylase (HDAC) activities. HDAC deregulation has been reported in several cancers. Materials and Methods: The expression of 10 HDACs (including HDAC class I and II) was studied by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) in a cohort of mesenchymal stem cells (MM-MSCs) from 10 multiple myeloma patients with a median age 60y. The results were compared with those obtained for normal donors. Then, a coculture system was performed between MM-MSCs and u266 cell line, in the presence or absence of sodium butyrate (NaBT), to understand the effects of HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) in MM-MSCs on multiple myeloma cases. Also, the interleukin-6 (IL-6) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGFA) gene expression level and apoptotic effects were investigated in MM-MSCs patients and control group following NaBT treatment. Results: The results indicated that upregulated (HDACs) and downregulated (IL6 and VEGFA) genes were differentially expressed in the MM-MSCs derived from patients with multiple myeloma and ND-MSCs from normal donors. Comparison of the MM-MSCs and ND-MSCs also showed distinct HDACs expression patterns. For the first time to our knowledge, a significant increase of apoptosis was observed in coculture with MM-MSCs treated with NaBT. Conclusions: The obtained findings elucidate a complex set of actions in MSCs in response to HDAC inhibitors, which may be responsible for anticancer effects. Also, the data support the idea that MSCs are new therapeutic targets as a potential effective strategy for MM.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2009

Purpose: Cervical pain is caused mainly by a static position, lasting work, bad habits and stress, and is accompanied by pain in the upper trapezius. Traditionally, heat and traction, exercise, mobilization, manipulation have been used to treat cervical pain. This study examined the effect of stretching and manipulation (high-velocity low-amplitude: HVLA) on the pain and ROM in women with chronic cervical and upper shoulder pain. Methods: Fifty-two women diagnosed with chronic cervical and upper shoulder pain were enrolled in this study. Among them, 26 patients (experiment group) were managed by passive stretching and manipulation, and another 26 patients (control group) were treated with physical therapy intervention (hat pack: HP, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation: TENS, ultra sound: US). Each group made use of a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and the highly reliable (flextion: 0.92, extention: 0.99) cervical range of motion (CROM) to compare the possible changes in pain and ROM in the two groups after treatment. Results: In the experimental group, the pain decreased and the ROM has increased in all directions. In the control group, the pain decreased but the ROM was not changed in all directions. Conclusion: According to the results, passive stretching and manipulation is effective for increasing the ROM and decreasing the level of pain. Moreover, physical therapy intervention (HP, TENS, US) is effective for immediately decreasing the pain but has little effect on the ROM.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.77-91
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• 2006

Purpose : To address the ability of Dohaekseungkitang (DST: a commonly used herb formulation in Korea, Japan and China to have anti-cancer effect on cervical carcinoma), we investigated the effects of DST on programmed cell death (apoptosis) in HeLa human cervical carcinoma cells. Methods : We cultured HeLa cell which is human metrocarcinoma cell in D-MEM included 10% fetal bovine serum(Hyclone Laboratories) below $37^{\circ}C$, 5% CO2. Then we observed apoptosis of log phage cell which is changed cultivation liquid 24 Hours periodically. Results : After the treatment of DST for 48 hours, apoptosis occurred in a dose-dependent manner. In this study, we have shown that DST induces calpain and the associated caspase-8 and -9 activations. Apoptosis was prevented by pre-incubation of the cells with the calcium cHeLator-BAPTA-AM, calcium channel blocker-Nif edipine or Ryonidine agonist-Ryonidine peptide, implicating calcium in the apoptotic process. Ubiquitous calpains (mu- and m-calpain) have been repeatedly implicated in apoptosis, especially in calcium-related apoptosis. However this study showed 1hat either calpain inhibitor-calpastin or caspase-3 inhibitor-DEVD- did not blocked the herb formulation-induced apoptosis in HeLa human cervical carcinoma cells. D ST initiates a cell death pathway that is partially dependent of caspases. DST-induced apoptosis requires caspase-independent mechanism. Conclusion : We conclude that DST-induced calpain activation triggers the intrinsic apoptotic pathway in which caspase-independent mechanism is also involved.