• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.23-29
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• 2017

This experiment was carried out to compare the productivity and feed value between standard cultivation and organic mixed expeller cake fertilizer cultivation to develop organic cultivation technology except from standard cultivation using chemical fertilizers in the field of forage production. This study was conducted in the rice field of Livestock Research Institute Jacheon-myeon, Gangin-gun Jellanam-do. Organic mixed expeller cake fertilizer consists of 4.0% nitrogen, 65% castor, 30% seeds and 5% fish meal. Sorghum-Sudangrass Hybrids(SX17) was sowed 40kg per hectare on May 25. Test group formation was consisted of a standard group and test treatment. The standard group(Con.) was fertilized chemical fertilizer according to the N-P-K kg/ha, 200-150-150 (basal 100kg, uptake 100kg). Test treatment was carried out organic fertilizer 100%(T1), organic fertilizer 150%(T2) and organic fertilizer 200%(T3) according to the nitrogen content of standard group(Con.). Plant height of harvest time depending on the treatment was that Con was 317cm, T1 was 252cm, T2 was 269cm and T3 was 293cm. Dry matter yield was that Con was 11,386kg/ha, T1 was 6,015kg/ha, T2 was 6,799kg/ha, T3 was 7,627kg/ha. In the test treatment, plant height and dry matter yield increased with increasing fertilizer. Crude protein was the height in Con(7.0%) and Crude protein of test treatment was T1(5.7%), T2(6.3%), and T3(5.1%). As a result of this study, T2 was recommended.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.591-596
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• 2011

The applications of chemical fertilizers and various types of organic materials may cause heavy metal accumulation in soil. In this study, we conducted to investigate the relationship between the different chemical forms of heavy metals such as Cr, Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni, and Zn retained in soil and the metal concentrations in Korean raspberry plant. Forty five soil samples were collected from 2 to 6 years old Korean raspberry cultivation fields (RCFs), Gochang, Korea, to determine total, exchangeable (1.0 M $MgCl_2$-extractable), DTPA-extractable metal contents. The leaves and fruits of raspberry plant were sampled at harvest stage. Total metal contents in soils ranged from $0.87mg\;kg^{-1}$ to $66.82mg\;kg^{-1}$. Exchangeable and DTPA-extractable metals ranged between 0.02 and $0.67mg\;kg^{-1}$ and between $0.05mg\;kg^{-1}$ and $7.07mg\;kg^{-1}$, respectively. The metal concentrations in the plant leaf and fruit determined on a dry-basis were between $1.30mg\;kg^{-1}$ and $38.82mg\;kg^{-1}$ and between $0.05mg\;kg^{-1}$ and $21.51mg\;kg^{-1}$, respectively, but Cd and Pb were not detected in the leaf. The total, exchangeable, and DTPA-extractable contents of the metal ions in soil were directly correlated one another, but the contents of different metals in the different fractions were inversely correlated in general. Most of total and DTPA-extractable metals in the soil were directly correlated with the contents of the same metals in the plant, whereas exchangeable metals in the soil were not statistically correlated with the same metals in plants. Thus, we concluded that the metal contents in the raspberry field soils were much lower thanthe levels of Soil Contamination Warning Standard (SCWS), and the plant metal concentrations were also less than the maximum permissible limits. The total and DTPA-extractable metals in the soil were closely related to the metal concentrations in the plant.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2012

Quality deterioration during storage such as weight and fruit firmness loss after harvest is one of the main problems in summer cultivation of mini paprika. Objective of this study was to determine appropriate storage temperature and duration in the mini paprika('Hivita Yellow' and 'Hivita Red'). More fruit firmness loss during storage was observed at higher storage temperature. Fruit firmness of 'Hivita Yellow' at $20^{\circ}C$ was $99.6g/cm^2$ after a 5-day storage whereas that decreased by $73.0g/cm^2$ after a 40-day storage. Storing 'Hivita Yellow' at $8^{\circ}C$ showed the lowest fruit firmness loss with 109.7 and $92.7g/cm^2$ after a 5-day and a 40-day storage, respectively. In both cultivars, soluble solids content of fruits was higher at $20^{\circ}C$ than at 4, 8 and $12^{\circ}C$. Higher temperature triggered more water loss of the fruits with more occurrence of soft rot and shriveling symptoms. The changes in electrolyte conductivity of fruits during storage was higher in the fruits at lower temperature. Fruit stored at $20^{\circ}C$ showed the highest respiration(more $CO_2$ and less $O_2$) during storage than fruits at the other storage temperatures.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.55-59
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• 2013

This study was evaluated that seasonal change of the hesperidin content was in relation to the skin color and weight of fruit in outer or inner side of the canopy, for determine the optimum time and the index of most abundant hesperidin content in lemon fruits juice. The hesperidin content was different with fruit growth and on fruit bearing site of the tree. The fruits of the either side contained the highest hesperidin value at 162 and 176 days after anthesis just after de-greening and the value was highest in the fruits of outer side of the canopy. This time also corresponded to the time just before the cessation of fruit growth. These results suggested that the optimum harvesting period for more hesperidin content was the stage just after de-greening and just before fruit growth cessation.

• Mycobiology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.177-179
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• 2000

A soft rot of fruits caused by Rhizopus nigricans occurred on peach (Prunus persica var. vulgaris) in The Chinju City Agricultural Products Wholesale Marke during in summer season of 2000. The disease infection usually started from wounding after harvest fruits, and then moved to outside. At first, the lesions started with water soaked and rapidly softened and diseased area gradually expanded. In severely infected film house, the rate of infected fruits reached 65.2%. Numerous sporangiospores were produced on the diseased fruits. Most of the sporangiospores were appeared to be readily dispersed in the air. The mycelia grew surface of fruits and produced stolons. Colonies on potato dextrose agar at $25{\sim}30^{\circ}C$ white cottony at first becoming heavily speckled by the presence of sporangia and the browinish black at maturity, spreading rapidly by means of stolons fired at various points to the substrate by rhizoids. Sporangia were $85.3{\sim}243.5{\times}53.4{\sim}219.2\;{\mu}m$ in size and were globose or sub-globose with. somewhat flattened base. The color of sporangia was white at first and then turned black with many spores, and never over-hanging. Sporangiophores were $8.9{\sim}36.6\;{\mu}m$ in width, smooth-walled, non-septate, light brown, simple, long, arising in groups of $3{\sim}5$ from stolons opposite rhizoids. Sporangiospores was $9.7{\sim}24.8{\times}5.9{\sim}15.8\;{\mu}m$, irregular, round, oval, elongate, angular, and browinish-black streaked. Columella was $70.2{\times}149.7{\mu}m$. brownish gray, and umberella-shaped when dehisced. The causal organism was identified as. Rhizopus nigricans Lind on the basis of the morphiogical characteristics of the fungus. Rhizopus soft rot on peach (Prunus persica) caused by the fungi has not been reported in Korea. This is the first report of rhizopus soft rot on peach caused by Rhizopus nigricans in Korea.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.69-77
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• 2001

'Chalok 1/Cooktail 51' corns, supersweet corn gene controlled by either brittle-l (bt l) or shrunken-2(sh2) gene introduced into waxy corn, showed agronomic characteristics between supersweet corn and waxy corn. The ears were harvested at different development stages from 15 to 35 days after silking (DAS). Ear diameter of Cocktail 51 and 'Cocktail 51'/Chalok 1 increased from 15 DAS to 30 DAS and little increased thereafter, but that of Chalok 1/Cocktail 51 and 'Chalok l' increased until 35 DAS. Diameter of ear extension increased more in Cocktail 51 and Chalok 1/Cocktail 51 corn than Chalok 1. Ear fresh weight of Cocktail 51 decreased later 30 DAS but those of the other hybrids were vice versa. Rate of super-sweet kernels per ear of Chalok 1/Cocktail 51 corns was about 38 %. Development, and elongation of kernel were much more prominent in supersweet kernel than in waxy kernel, but fresh weight increased higher in waxy kernel than supersweet kernel. Moisture content in kernel decreased from 15 DAS to 35 DAS. Total sugar content of the kernel increased until 25 DAS, and that of Cocktail 51 kernel showed the highest among of them. After cooked by steam, flavor and mastication feeling rate cooked by steam of Cocktail 51 and Chalok 1/Cocktail 51 were increased from 15 DAS to 25 DAS and markedly decreased thereafter. But those of Chalok l/Cocktail 51 and, Chalok 1 were decreased after 30 DAS. These results suggested that the optimum harvest date for fresh supersweet corn (Cocktail 51), Cocktail 51/Chalok 1 seems to be about 20 DAS and Chalok 1/Cocktail 51 and waxy com (Chalok 1) was about 25 DAS.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.247-251
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• 2007

To extend the shelf-life of spinach after harvest, we investigated the effect of various packaging methods and storage temperature. In case of polypropylene film package, there was no weight loss, but in non-package, remarkably weight loss occurred as storage period extended and storage temperature risen. Content of vitamin C was decreased rapidly at early stage of storage, and decrease of vitamin C in low temperature storage was lower than that of room temperature storage, but its large difference according to packaging method was not observed. In hunter's value on spinach, b value in room temperature storage was higher than that of low temperature storage. In terms of freshness, shelf-life of spinach by low temperature storage $(1{\sim}3^{\circ}C)$ after PP film packaging lasted 34 days, and that by room temperature storage $(10{\sim}15^{\circ}C)$ after PP film packaging lasted 8 days, but that by room temperature storage after non-packaging lasted 3 days.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.127-130
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• 2008

Rhizopus soft rot caused by Rhizopus stolonifer on June, 2008 occurred on Rubus crataegifolius Bunge in the box at Jinju City Wholesale Market of Agricultural Products at Gyeongnam province in Korea. The infected fruits were rapidly water-soaked, softened, black and eventually rotted. The symptoms occurred after infecting wounds at harvest time. The colony were white to light brown, formed much sporangiospores. The optimum temperature of the fungus on potato dextrose agar was $30^{\circ}C$. Sporangiophores were $12{\sim}25{\mu}m$ in width. Sporangia were globose or hemispheric, white at first and gradually to black, and $82{\sim}195{\mu}m$ in size. Columella were hemispheric, and $70{\sim}92{\mu}m$ in size. Sporangiospores were irregular round or oval, brownishblack and $9{\sim}21{\times}7{\sim}8{\mu}m$ in size. On the basis of symptom, mycological characteristics and pathogenicity of the fungus, the causal fungus was identified as Rhizopus stolonifer. This is the first report of Rhizopus soft rot by R. stolonifer on R. crataegifolius in Korea.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.54-57
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• 2007

Rhizopus soft rot caused by Rhizopus stolonifer occurred on banana (Musa sapientum) in the box at Jinju City Wholesale Market of Agricultural Products at Gyeongnam province in Korea. The infected fruits were rapidly water-soaked, softened, blackened and eventually rotted. They were infected from wounds at harvest time. The colony of the isolate from the infected fruit was white to light brown and formed many sporangiospores. The optimum growth temperature of the fungus on potato dextrose agar was $30^{\circ}C$. Sporangiophores were $12{\sim}26\;{\mu}m$ in width. Sporangia were globose or hemispheric, white at first and changed gradually to black, and $83{\sim}195\;{\mu}m$ in size. Columella were hemispheric, and $72{\sim}125\;{\mu}m$ in size. Sporangiospores were irregular round or oval, brownish-black and $9{\sim}20{\times}7{\sim}8\;{\mu}m$ in size. On the basis of symptom, mycological characteristics and pathogenicity to banana, the causal fungus was identified as Rhizopus stolonifer. This is the first report of Rhizopus soft rot by R. stolonifer on banana in Korea.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.199-202
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• 2008

Rhizopus soft rot caused by Rhizopus stolonifer occurred on melon (Cucumis melo L.) in the box at Jinju City Wholesale Market of Agricultural Products at Gyeongnam province in Korea. The infected fruits were rapidly water-soaked, softened, black and eventually rotted. The symptoms were infected from wounds at harvest time. The colony were white to light brown, formed much sporangiospores. The optimum temperature of the fungus was $30^{\circ}C$. Sporangia were globose or hemispheric, white at first and gradually to black, and $80{\sim}195\;{\mu}m$ in size. Sporangiophores were $12{\sim}24\;{\mu}m$ in width. Columella were hemispheric, and $70{\sim}90\;{\mu}m$ in size. Sporangiospores were irregular round or oval, brownish-black and $9{\sim}20\;{\times}\;6{\sim}8\;{\mu}m$ in size. On the basis of symptom, mycological characteristics and pathogenicity to melon, the causal fungus was identified as Rhizopus stolonifer (Ehrenb.) Vuill.. This is the first report of Rhizopus soft rot by R. stolonifer on melon in Korea.