• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.140-144
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• 2001

Field investigations were initiated to determine possible new 'ssam' vegetable that could be grown during the summer season in highland. Korean 'ssam' means cooked rice in vegetables. The 'ssam' vegetable is called that those leaves has been used for wrapping at meal. Seventeen leafy vegetables were studied, including chard (Beta vulgaris L. var. flavescens DC.), leaf broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica), Chinese leek (Allium tuberosum Rottl.), Japanese hornwort (Cryptotaenia japonica Hassk), red leaf mustard (Brassica juncea L.), green leaf mustard (Brassica juncea L.), leaf parsley (Petroselinum crispum Nijim), pakchoi (Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis Jusl.) tatsoi (Brassica campestris var. narisoma), kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala), collard (Brassica oleracea var. acephala), Korean mint (Agastache rugosa O. Kuntze), romaine lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. longifolia Lam.), red leaf chicory (Cichorium intybus L. var. folisum), red chicory (Cichorium intybus L. var. folisum), green leaf chicory (Cichorium intybus L. var. folisum), and sprouting broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica). Date of the first harvest in 1999 was July 10th in chard, leaf broccoli, red mustard, mustard, leaf parsley, pakchoi, tatsoi, kale, collard, Korean mint, red leaf chicory, red chicory, green leaf chicory, and sprouting broccoli. Date of the first harvest for Chinese leek, Japanese hornwort, and romaine lettuce was from the middle of June to the late of August. Based on ratings on marketable yield, we found good leaf shape, taste and yield in chard, red leaf mustard, green leaf mustard, pakchoi, tatsoi, romaine lettuce, red leaf chicory, red chicory, and green leaf chicory. Even though the most of all these vegetables were obtained high scores by test panels in shape, taste and quality, but some of them revealed inadequate leaf size as a 'ssam' vegetable. That problem will be solved by control of harvesting time. On the basis of this observation, chard, red leaf mustard, green leaf mustard, pakchoi, tatsoi, romaine lettuce, red leaf chicory, red chicory, and green leaf chicory were rated as promising 'ssam' vegetable by analysis of profits, adaptation, and quality.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.50-55
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• 2012

This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of pre-harvest factors on fruit quality and the incidence of storage disorders in 'Fuji' apple during CA storage. Incidence of storage disorders varied, depending on the growing regions, field conditions, and altitude of the orchards. Results indicated that fruit maturity may play a crucial role in the incidence and severity of flesh browning and watercore. The incidence of these storage disorders increased with fruit maturity until 180 days after full bloom (DAFB). In addition, occurrence of watercore was correlated with the incidence of flesh browning during CA storage. The incidence of flesh browning was positively correlated with the sum of the diurnal temperature range from September through October and amount of precipitation from August to October in 1996-1999 growing years. These results suggested that 'Fuji' apple should be harvested no later than 180 DAFB because the late harvested fruits were prone to development of watercore which was correlated with the incidence of flesh browing during CA storage in Korea.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.376-380
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• 2016

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of harvesting time of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam; IRG) in spring on dry matter (DM) yield. IRG cultivars 'Kowinearly' and 'Greenfarm' were seeded at 50 kg/ha and grown on rice paddy fields. There was no difference in growth characteristics between both varieties before winter. However, cold tolerance of Kowinearly was higher than that of Greenfarm, as demonstrated by post-wintering growth characteristics. The heading date of both varieties was affected by the spring weather. The IRG was harvested three times at 5-day intervals beginning from 9 May. The DM yield of Greenfarm was 6,306; 7,335; and 8,109 kg/ha, and that of Kowinearly was 7,498; 9,196; and 10,449 kg/ha at the three consecutive harvests. The delay of the harvesting time for 5 and 10 days increased the DM yield of Greenfarm by 16% and 29% and that of Kowinearly by 23% and 39%, respectively, compared to the yield at first harvest (p < 0.05). Therefore, IRG harvest later than early to mid-May is expected to increase productivity. The feed values of Greenfarm were: 12.2% of crude protein (CP), 34.5% of acid detergent fiber (ADF), 57.7% of neutral detergent fiber (NDF), 61.6% of total digestible nutrients (TDN), and 72.3% of in vitro DM digestibility (IVDMD). For Kowinearly, these values were 16.4% of CP, 30.4% of ADF, 52.7% of NDF, 64.9% of TDN and 79.0% of IVDMD.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.74-78
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• 2012

This research was carried out to investigate the shoot growth characteristics and climatic factors for early harvest and stable yield by greenhouse on mulberry ($Morus$ $alba$) in Buan-gun, Jeollabuk-do. Budbreak and coloring date of mulberry in greenhouse were earlier 18~19 days than those in field, and from bud-break to coloring was 39 days in both cultivation types. Shoot length and fruit number per shoot of mulberry in greenhouse were not significantly different with those of field, but number of node was significantly little than that of field. For 39 days in greenhouse, weekly cumulative radiation were 0.3~0.8 times. But weekly cumulative temperature was not different with that of field. And relative humidity as range of 53.0~94.5% in greenhouse was higher than that of field. Therefore, mulberry is suitable to greenhouse cultivation for early harvest and stable yield.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.8-12
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• 2015

Characteristic of seed for Sageretia thea fruits collected from the habitat of harvest season in Jeju and their germination ratio in different temperatures were considered. The average weight was 0.2 g, average diameter was 7.2 mm, average length was 6.5 mm, and size distribution range was 5.1 ~ 10.0 mm. The number of seeds per fruit was 1.8, and 1000 grain weight was 7.77 g with diameter of 3.7 mm and thickness of 1.7 mm in size. The fruit maturation was investigated to be from April 27 to June 1, when the best maturation period was about a week, May 11 to May 18. Also, the fruits grown on May 4 to May 11 were seen to have the bigger in transverse size and weight with a tendency of the earlier maturation date has the greater the number of seeds. S. thea seeds pretreated for 24 hours at $50^{\circ}C$ were not germinated, while most of those pretreated for 24 hours at $4^{\circ}C$ were successfully germinated at any degree of temperature (except at a temperature of $10^{\circ}C$). Particularly, the highest germination rate of 55% was made at $15^{\circ}C$, and plumule and radicle were best grown within the temperature range of $25^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.53-60
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• 2004

Recently, there has been a growing tendency to use whole crop rice for feeds as there is an increased rice supply and a decrease in the demand for rice in Korea. Little information, however, is available about the management and utilization of whole crop rice for feeds. This study was conducted to decide the optimum harvest date through examining the plant height, dry matter(DM) yield and feed composition of whole crop rice harvested at different maturity. Field study was established early in May until October 7th on a rice field at Yupori, Sinbuk-yeup, Chunchon, Kangwon-Do. "Ilpum" mutant rice was sown at 52 kg/ha, and N, P and K were applied at 209, 113 and 81 kg/ha, respectively. The rice was harvested at six different mature stages for analysis; booting stage; 17 Aug., milk-ripe stage; 27 Aug., dough stage; 7 Sep., yellow ripe stage; 17 Sep., dead ripe stage; 27 Sep. and full ripe stage; 7 Oct. Plant height was 77 cm in booting stage (P<0.05) which was lower when compared to the other stages among which the heights did not differ with average range of 93∼97 cm. The highest dry matter yield was observed in yellow ripe stage (22.8 T/ha), which was followed by dead ripe stage (19.3 T/ha), full ripe stage (19.3 T/ha), and dough stage (15.1 T/ha). Crude protein (CP) and Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) concentrations consistently decreased with maturity. The highest concentrations of CP and NDF were obtained in booting stage with 9 and 73.6%, respectively (P<0.05), and lowest in full ripe stage with 5.8 and 64.6%, respectively (P<0.05). The concentration of total digestible nutrient (TDN) was highest in booting stage (59.7%); however no significant difference was found among other stages. The concentrations of Ca and P were not different among mature stages. According to these results, the yellow ripe period is appropriate to harvest the whole crop rice for forage considering dry matter yields, feed compositions and TDN concentrations.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.381-389
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• 2021

Saengcheonggukjang, known as Natto in Japan, is a soybean fermented food which is made from steamed soybean, Bacillus and water. Demand of Saengcheonggukjang has increased because it does not have much smell compared to Cheonggukjang. Seven varieties of Saengcheonggukjang were investigated and compared in terms of 100 seed weight, quality characteristics, hard seed rate, and water absorption rate in order to determine the suitability of Korean soybeans. In addition, each characteristic of Saengcheonggukjang was compared. 'Hoseo' and 'Haewon' showed low 100 seed weight with 8.41 g and 8.11 g, respectively. The water absorption rate was higher in 'Hoseo' and 'Pungwon' than in Japan varieties. The yield of Saengcheonggukjang was significantly different for each variety. No differences were observed in yield and hardness of Saengcheonggukjang with respect to the varieties and sowing date. 'Haewon' showed the highest amino nitrogen content with 575.0 mg%. Viscous material content did not appear to differ between varieties. These results suggested that 'Hoseo' and 'Haewon' can be considered as suitable candidates for yield and quality of Saengcheonggukjang compared to Japan varieties.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.305-305
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• 2017

Seoritae with green cotyledons refers to Korean native black beans harvested when the frost falls because the maturity is late. It is one of the beans preferred by consumers because of its softness and high sugar content. Because of late maturity, if the agricultural work is delayed by weather or agricultural schedule in green cotyledon black soybean (Seoritae), it affects seriously harvest and yield of soybeans. The aim of this study was to investigate the marginal seeding period on June 30, July 10 and July 20 in Cheongju and Jecheon area in Korea to produce stable soybean yield. The yields of green cotyledon black soybean as seeding date in Cheongju area are as follows: Seolitae (Yeoncheon), Seoltae (Goesan) and Seoritae (Gogseong), which increased by 23%, 56%, 23% and 40%, respectively, compare to July 10th to June 30th. As soybean sowing is delayed, the quality of soybean seeds has decreased due to the increase of immature seeds and fungal damaged seeds. The contents of anthocyanin in Cheongju area a functional substance of soybeans, was high on July 20 for Heukcheong, on June 30 for Seolitae (Yeoncheon), on July 10 for Seoritae (Goesan). The yields of Heukcheong and Seolitae (Yeoncheon) in Jecheon area were increased by 5% and 17%, respectively, compare to July 10th to June 30th, while Seolite (Goesan) and Seolite (Gogseong) were high in yields on June 30th. Similarly in Cheongju area, as the sowing period is delayed, the number of immature and mold damaged seeds in Jecheon area increased. The contents of anthocyanin in Jecheon area was high on July 10 for Heukcheong, on June 30 for Seolitae (Yeoncheon) and Seolitae (Goesan). From the above results, Sowing marginal date of green cotyledon black soybeans (Seolitae) in Cheongju area increased 30% in sowing on July 10 and increased 2% in sowing on July 20 compared to June 30. And Sowing marginal date of green cotyledon black soybeans (Seolitae) in Jecheon area increased 2% in July 10 compared to June 30, and the yield decreased rapidly on July 20. We have identified the seeding time limit of green cotyledon black bean in Chungbuk province. It will be possible to provide a variety of crop selection after double cropping of farmers. And by knowing the yield and seed quality of soybean according to sowing date, farmers will observe appropriate sowing period of soybeans for high quality. From the viewpoint of consumers, functional substances of Seoritae will meet the desire for health.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.137-143
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the yield and greenness of "Nogwonchalbyeo" on the basis of different date of transplanting and harvesting. Delay in heading was observed in the plants transplanted later but no effect on heading was observed due to different levels of nitrogen fertilizer. Percentage of green color in dehusked rice was higher in the grains of rice transplanted on 10th June. An increasing trend was observed in the yield with the delay in the date of transplanting, maximum yield was observed in the rice planted on 10th June but a decrease in yield was recorded if transplanted after 15th June. Similarly, yield also increase as the days for harvesting increased until 37 days after heading but beyond 37 days decreasing trend was observed in yield. Based on the above findings it can be suggested that 4~6 June and 9kg/10a are the optimum dates of transplanting and amount of nitrogen while 3 5~37 days after heading is the best time for harvesting of "Nogwonchalbyeo".

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.466-472
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• 1997

Vegetable perilla, "Ipdlkkae 1"(Perilla frutescens var japonica Hara), was tested about the flowering and maturing responce in summer and winter. In summer season, it was researched about those responses according to the change of seeding date from May 15th to Oct. 15th at one month interval in the field. "Ipdlkkae 1" flowered Oct. 2nd under the day length of eleven hours and fourty-one minutes, compared with Sep. 6th (day length of twelve hours and fourty-three minutes) of "Yepsildlggae". And those responses showed that vegetable perilla was have to seeded before July 15th for two reason. The first is a unique response of perilla to day length. If perilla stay under short-day condition for some days, perilla will flower after four weeks. The second is a weather, especially frost and cold. In the test of latest seeding at Oct. 15th, the plants flowered more late than normal flowering period and they were not able to mature for frost of early winter. And this result showed that any other species, which has the characteristic of later flowering than that of "Ipdlkkae 1", could not able to mature in the field. In winter time, this species was tested about the same responses according to the change of short-day treatments. In the case of the test from May 1st (above fourteen hours day length), even if the test plants were stayed under short-day condition for more than 10 days, they were not able to mature, but flowerd. From the test of Apr. 15th, day length of thirteen hours, the plants were showed variable reaction to the short-day treatment. In this test, 11days for short-day treatment was a basic day to decide whether flowering was delayed or not. In the test from Apr. 1st, perilla seeds were able to harvest at least 5 days short-day treatment. In the final test from Mar. 15th, it had no need to take short-day treatment for harvesting of normal seeds, because the day length of that are twelve hours, which is an enough time to induce flowering and maturing, previously reported.