• 동의생리병리학회지
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.561-566
• /
• 2007

After researching on infantile diseases in Hyungsang medicine, the writer got the conclusions as follows. The infants who are excess of the Yang energy need to nourish the Eum- blood. The main causes of the infantile disorders are congenital defect and malfunction of internal organs by nature, as results of these they suffer from mental disorders or being undergrown. And after birth they get ill from internal injury or external affections, mainly epilepsy by retention of undigested food, fever, cough, asthma, nasal obstruction, dermatopathia, and affection by cold, etc. In Hyungsang medicine Dam-body is apt to get ill from deficiency of Eum-blood and bangkwang-body from deficiency of Yang-energy. And infants are hare to be moderate in food, so they become to diseases of the Spleen and stomach, especially infants with Yangmyung type get to epilepsy, cough, skin disorders, and obese for the reasonof overeating. Among main infantile symptoms congenital defects, infantile mental disorders, and convulsive diseases come from congenital defect and malfunciton of internal organs, so it must be treated the symptoms following the reasons. Above all infantile mental disorders are treated not to separate the spirit from the body. And fever, cough and asthma, affection by cold, skin diseases, poor appetite, and obese come from deficiency of Kidney or the deficiency and excess of the Spleen and stomach. In order to prevent from infantile diseases right antenatal training, taking medicine rightly, exercise and eating good habits are needed to give guidance. Seeing through the clinical cases in Hyungsang medicine, we come to know that the infantile mental disorders come out primarily for the reasons of the congenital defect, and the infantile epilepsy come from malfunction of internal organs, and the nasal obstruction and skin diseases come from deficiency of Kidney or the deficiency and excess of the Spleen and stomach.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
• /
• 제3권2호
• /
• pp.87-95
• /
• 2002

초고속 유/무선인터넷 기술의 급속한 발전으로 언제 어디서나 가능한 인터넷 비즈니스 현상이 전개되고 있다. 이 같은 환경 하에서 이동에이전트(mobile agents) 기술은 사용자를 대신하여 자율적으로 실행할 수 있는 소프트웨어 객체로서 이동성을 지원하기 때문에 개인 휴대단말기들을 위해 유용한 메커니즘을 제공한다. 따라서, 본 논문은 유/무선인터넷 환경 하에서 이동에이전트를 지원하는 휴대단말기용 이동에이전트 플랫폼을 개발 구현한다. 이를 위해, 이미 선행 개발된 자바(Java) 기반 이동에이전트 시스템인 JAMAS를 수정 갱신하여 휴대단말기용 시스템으로 구축한다. 제안된 시스템을 기반으로 하여 유/무선인터넷상에서 네트워크 환경을 구성하고 감시할 수 있는 휴대단말기용 SNMP(Simple Network Management Protocol) MIB(Management Information Base)를 접근하여 브라우징 하는 어플리케이션을 구현한다. 제안된 시스템 어플리케이션은 SNMP 에이전트의 관리 정보인 MIB를 접근하여 네트워크 맵 뷰어(map viewer), MIB 갱신 등을 브라우저를 통해 관리자에게 제공한다. 그러므로, 휴대단말기용 이동에이전트를 이용하면 홈 네트워크 관리, Mobile-Commerce, 원격지 DB 시스템 통합, Active Message, Active Network 관리 등을 확장성 있게 지원할 수 있다.

• 아시안잔디학회지
• /
• 제10권3호
• /
• pp.263-270
• /
• 1996

This experiment was conducted to investigate the loss of various herbicides by means of vola-tility from the turfgrass field and the hare ground with the different soil moisture contents and temperatures. Different herbicides were applied at the rates of 375 g a.i. /l0a of pendimethalin,250 g a.i. /l0a of napropamide, and 96.4 g a.i. /l0a of dicamba with 200 \ulcorner/10a of spray volume in the turfgrass(Zoysia japonica cut off 5cm) grown in pots(265.8 $cm^2$) and bared soil. The pots were placed in the growth chamber with 10,000 lux of light intensity(12h per day) at 25 and 35˚C for 7days. Amberlite XAD polymeric resin(20/50 mesh) was used as sampling media for herbicide airborne residues. Air flow was maintained at 10 \ulcorner /min by vacuum pump regulated with a factory calibrated flow meter. Herbicide airborne residues were extracted from the XAD resin with 300 ml of 1:1 acetone and hexane. The extracts were concentrated by rotary evaporation at 35˚C and dissolved in 1 ml MeCN for HPLC analysis. The airborne losses of the herbicide applied in the turfgrass and bare soil increased as the temperature and soil moisture contents were increased, regardless of the kinds of herbicide. Higher airborne residues was observed in the turfgrass pots than the bare soil pots. Pendimethalin and dicamba with higher vapor pressure gave rise to the increased loss of airborne herbicides, showing that 6.26 and 6.4% of average airborne loss in pendimethalin and dicamba, respectively, compared to 0.56% in napropamide. The amount of airborne losses in turfgrass was highest at one day after application and then a declined trend was observed as the time was prolonged. Key words. Herbicides, Turfgrass field, Bare ground, Volatility.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
• /
• 제4권2호
• /
• pp.121-125
• /
• 2004

Purpose: Esophagojejunal anastomotic complications after a total gastrectomy include leakage, stenosis, bleeding, and abscess formation. Especially, the mortality rate for esophagojejunal anastomotic leakage is $80\%$. Although these complications hare been reduced by the usage of the EEA stapler, they are still serious and depend on various factors: the surgeon's experience, the stage of disease, the extent of surgical intervention, the method of operation, and the patient. Some local factors, such as vascularization of the graft, traction on the anastomosis suture line, and local infections, have been implicated as contributing to these complications. Materials and Methods: During the period $1995\∼2003$, of the 850 gastrectomies for gastric carcinomas, 171 were intra-abdominal total gastrectomies. All of these 171 operations were performed by one surgeon using a routine D2 lymph-node dissection and a 25-mm EEA stapler on an antecolic end-to-side esophagojejunostomy. In the 77 cases a seromuscular reinforced suture at the esophagojejunostomy site was performed, and in 94 cases, a whole layer reinforced suture with absorbible materials was used. We evaluated the incidence of complications according to age, sex, stage of patients, and combined resection. Also, we compared the incidences of complications for seromuscular and whole layer reinforced sutures. Results: The complications are major leaks ($2.9\%$), minor leaks ($3.5\%$), stenosis, bleeding ($1.8\%$), and abscess formation formation ($1.8\%$). In the five cases of major leaks, there were four mortalities with operative methods. The other patients with stenosis, bleeding, and abscess formation were treated conservatively with success. The incidences of complications were not related with age, sex, stages, and combined resection. The incidences of complications for the whole layer reinforced suture group ($2.9\%$) were less than those for the seromuscular reinforced group ($8.8\%$, P=0.04). Conclusion: The most serious complication of esophagojejunal anastomosis is major leakage with an $80\%$ mortality. The other complications are stenosis, bleeding, and abscess formation, for which no mortalities occurred during this study. Whole layer suture of the esophagojejunal anastomotic site is an important method for preventing leakage.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.236-245
• /
• 2007

무선 센서 네트워크는 그 크기가 작고 제한적인 계산 능력과 저장 공간을 가지고 있으며 저용량의 배터리로 이루어진 많은 수의 노드들로 이루어진다. 이러한 조건에 따라 센서 네트워크 환경에서 센서 노드의 에너지 소모를 줄이는 것은 중요한 문제이다. 따라서 센서 노드의 에너지 소모를 줄이기 위해 노드가 전송하는 메시지의 발생 빈도를 줄이는 것이 고려되어야 한다. 또 다른 과제인 네트워크의 보안은 네트워크의 다양한 응용을 고려할 때 중요한 부분을 차지한다. 이에 본 논문에 서는 동적 클러스터 모델에서의 키 분배 방법을 제안한다. 이 방법에서 사용한 동적 클러스터 모델은 무선 센서 네트워크의 수명을 연장시키는데 매우 효과적인 방법이며 또한 제안한 방법은 클러스터를 구성하는 노드들에게 그리드 기반 키 분배방법을 적용하여 기존의 키 분배 방법에 비해 향상된 보안을 제공한다. 또한 기존에 제안된 그리드 기반, 위치 기반 키 분배 방법 및 클러스터 기반 키 분배 방법들과 비교하여 제안 방법의 우수함을 보였다.

• Animal Bioscience
• /
• 제34권11호
• /
• pp.1849-1858
• /
• 2021

Objective: Tenderness is a very complex feature, and the process of its formation is very complicated and not fully understood. Its diversification is one of the most important problems of beef production, as a result beef aging is widely used to improve tenderness as it is believed to provide a homogeneous product to consumers. While few studies have evaluated the muscle structure properties in relation to tenderness from early post-mortem, there little to no information available on how the muscle nanostructure of beef carcasses changes during post-mortem ageing to determine the appropriate aging time for acceptable tenderness. Methods: Muscle nanostructure (myofibril diameter [MYD], myofibril spacing [MYS], muscle fibre diameter [MFD], muscle fibre spacing [MFS], and sarcomere length [SL]), meat tenderness and cooking loss [CL]) were measured on 20 A2 longissimus muscles of Bonsmara, Beefmaster, Hereford, and Simbra at 45_mins, 1, 3, and 7 days post-slaughter. Muscle nanostructure was measured using a scanning electron microscope, while tenderness was measured using Warner Bratzler shear force. Results: At 45 minutes post-slaughter, breed affected MYD and MYS only, while at 24_hrs it also affected MFD and MFS. On day 3 breed effected MFS and SL, while on day 7 breed effected tenderness only. As the muscles matured, both MYD and MYS decreased while CL increased, and the muscles became tender. There was no uniformity on muscle texture features (surface structure, fibre separation, muscle contraction, and relaxation) throughout the ageing period. Conclusion: Meat tenderness can be directly linked to breed related myofibril structure changes during aging in particular the MYD, spacing between myofibrils and their interaction; while the MFD, spacing between muscle fibres, SL, and CL explain the non-uniformity in beef tenderness.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
• /
• 제33권
• /
• pp.182-208
• /
• 2000

Kwan-gyongdo is a pictorial presentation of a $s{\bar{u}}tra$ that teaches the Buddhist way for a person to be reincarnated in the paradise of $Amit{\bar{a}}bha$ Buddha. It consists of a preface (Kwan-gyong sobun pyonsangdo) and 16 scenes of $S{\bar{a}}kyamuni$ preaching. The preface, a painting illustrating the motivation behind the production of tile kwan-gyongdo, illustrates the "Legend of King $Aj{\bar{a}}tasatru$", a tragic story in which the prince of India's Magadha kingdom murders his father, the king, to usurp the throne. The 16 subsequent scenes show $S{\bar{a}}kyamuni$ teaching the distressed queen how a person can be reborn in paradise through meditation and praying. In the kwan-gyongdo in the Mogao Cave No. 17 in Dunhuang, China, painted during the Tang dynasty (618-907), the preface and the 16 scenes are presented in one painting, whereas they are presented in two paintings in those painted in Korea during the Koryo period (918-1392). The difference is attributed to the stylistic disparity of the two periods. Despite the temporal gap between the Koryo paintings and the Mogao Cave paintings, a comparison of the two can show the characteristic development of kwan-gyongdo. Kwan-gyongdo of the Koryo period do not have the "enmity created in the previous life" scene featuring a heavenly figure and a hare, a result that shows the influence of the Tang school that deleted the scene. The scene of $S{\bar{a}}kyamuni$ preaching on the Mountain of Spirit is included in kwan-gyongdo of both the Koryo period and the Mogao Cave, but the scene of $S{\bar{a}}kyamuni$ emerging from the earth to the Magadha palace is not included in Koryo kwan-gyongdo. Kwan-gyongdo of Koryo are generally a simpler but more faithful rendering of the $s{\bar{u}}tra$.

• 대순사상과 동아시아종교
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.61-79
• /
• 2021

In this study, Daesoon Jinrihoe is compared with five international new religious movements (The Church of Scientology, The Family International, The Hare Krishna Movement, The Family Federation, and the Osho Movement) concerning the development of charisma and institutionalization, as well as organizational changes and relationship to society. The material consists of previous research about Daesoon Jinrihoe and two interviews with representatives for the group. In many respects the development of Daesoon Jinrihoe has similarities to the international groups. Since its inception, it has changed from a group with charismatic authority to a rational-legal authority, through a development of organizational complexity, initiated by the three consecutive charismatic leaders. Today there is no charismatic leader, but a president who has an administrative function. Similar to several of the international groups, there have been charismatic challenges in Daesoon Jinrihoe on several occasions. Differences to the international groups are mainly related to macrosociological factors in the shape of the occupation of Japan. Daesoon Jinrihoe was against the occupation, but in spite of that worked to keep the tensions with society low, even though the organization at times was forbidden. In the international groups, the tensions to society were generally high, and had different reasons. In several of the international groups the final arrival of children influenced organizational changes: this was not the case with Daesoon Jinrihoe as there had always been children in the group. As in the Church of Scientology, the children are not much engaged in the religious life of Daesoon Jinrihoe, but can join as adults. Today, Daesoon Jinrihoe works as a denomination, with a positive relationship to society partly due to many welfare projects.

• 식물병연구
• /
• 제29권2호
• /
• pp.137-144
• /
• 2023

Exserohilum turcicum is a fungus that causes northern corn leaf blight (NCLB) and has deleterious effects on maize production globally. Therefore, it is prudent to mitigate the effects of NCLB using genetic diversity. The objective of this research was to assess the severity of NCLB disease on the growth and yield of various maize genotypes. A randomized complete block design field experiment, replicated three times, was conducted to evaluate the effect of E. turcicum on 10 maize hybrids. Percent disease index, plant height, and leaf area were recorded at the silk stage. Cob weight, grain fresh weight, and grain yields were determined at harvest maturity. All measured parameters were significantly different (P<0.05) between the maize hybrids. Of the 10 genotypes, four (PAN 4R-528R, PAN 4R-728BR, PAN 3R-724BR, and P1788BR) were susceptible, five (DKC74-74BR, PAN 5R-582R, PAN 5R-890R, PAN 5R-854R, and PAN 5R-590R) were moderately susceptible, and one (DKC80-40BR) was moderately resistant. DKC80-40BR exhibited greater cob weight, while DKC74-74BR was superior in all other plant growth and yield components. Interestingly, although not significant (P>0.05) and high, maize growth and yield parameters had negative correlations with disease incidence, except for grain fresh weight. Therefore, DKC80-40BR may be selected for cultivation in areas prone to NCLB to reduce maize susceptibility to the disease, while DKC74-74BR may improve crop performance. These hybrids could be considered as potential sources of resistance or tolerance to NCLB for further validation by plant breeders.

• 한국학교보건학회지
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.109-129
• /
• 1999

AIDS is worldwide problem. It has threatens societies and is potentially a big problem among youth. UNAIDS has warned that collective global responses are necessary; with half of the newly infected being children and young people in 1998, educating youth below age 24 is essential. Because of both their unexpected, strong sexual activities and an easjer tendency to change their behavior than adults, UNAIDS emphasizes the importance of prevention education for youth. In Korea, 4 cases of HIV infection have officially been reported among high school students. Considering the potential seriousness of HIV infection among youth, the Korean AntiAIDS Federation (KAAF) began an education programme for Korean youth (middle & high school pupils) as one intervention method in 1993. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of the education programs performed and to develop a better programme. The intervention method used in this study was mainly a lecture in a big or small auditorium or through broadcasting systems using audio-visual teaching aids. The period of this survey was from Nov. 10 to Dec. 26. in 1998. The subjects surveyed were 792 pupils who were sampled from 12 different middle and high schools in Seoul by a two-stage cluster sampling. Self-recording the structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Data were analyzed by using a paired t-test to compare the knowledge difference before and after the interrention method. A chi-square test to compare the consciousness difference between pre-post-education results was used, and an ANOVA was ased to compare the knowledge difference among the selected groups. Major results of this study are summarized as follows: (1) AIDS knowledge significantly changed after AIDS prevention education. (2) The direct lecture in a big or small auditorium is more effective than an indirect lecture through a broadcasting system or through audio-visual teaching aids. (3) Those who had not seen obscene materials (e.g. pornography films, magazines etc.) acguired much more knowledge than others after AIDS prevention education. (4) Those who had no girlfriend/or boyfriend acquired much more knowledge than the others after AIDS prevention education. (5) As to the attitudes toward chastity, more girls than boys and students who had not seen obscene materials rather than those who already had were liable to support the state ment: "all should remain chase" and their consciousness on "being chaste" changed much more than that of others after intervention. (6) As to the individual evaluation of lectures, 23.1% shows "very good", 44.1% "good", 26.9% "normar" '-' thus, the positive evaluation was to 94.2%. The negative response was 5.8%. (7) As to the desire for AIDS education sponsored by KAAF in the future, more than 90.5% showed a positive reaction. (8) As to the educators in future education methods, pupils wanted lecturers from outside their schood. (9) Students from vocational high schools have seen obscene materials much more than other groups and the percentage of those who had a girlfriend/or boyfriend was higher than that of the others as wello. (10) 90% of those who watched obscene materials responded that they experienced these materials while at middle school and 100% before reaching the second grade of high school. (11) The number of boys who have experienced obscene materials is twice as many as that of girls. (12) The percentage of boys who have a girlfriend is much higher than the percentage of girls who have a boyfriend. (13) Among those who have friends of the opposite sex, 11.1% say that they hare had sexual contact and 20.8% hare experienced kissing and caressing.