• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.73-79
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• 2017

It is difficult to detect the adult hearing loss after the language acquisition because of its slow progression, which can be evaluated voluntarily and actively when the appropriate tools are provided. Smartphones are one of useful tools, and they can utilize surveys and/or applications for hearing screening. This study aims to verify the possibility as a tool discovering delayed acquired hearing losses by comparing the pure tone screening application (app_PTS) which was recently developed by our research team and hearing handciap inventory (HHI). The subjects were 22 people whose age ranges from 10s to 80s. For pure tone averages (PTAs), hearing threshold level was selected the best one in same frequency, in both ears. Sensitivity and specificity of HHI were confirmed based on self awareness of hearing loss and PTAs at 1, 2, 4 kHz. Comparisons of two tests were measured by analyzing simple regression of correlation between PTAs of App_PTS and HHI scores. Sensitivity and specificity were 1.000 in both criteria. There was a statistically significant relationship between the PTAs_4 kHz and HHI (R-square = .951, p = .000). Hearing screening by questionnaire showed high correlation with smart phones based on application. Therefore, it can be useful as a hearing screening tool for individual life cycle using an user-friendly tool.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.165-170
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• 2017

This study aims to provide important data for community-centered rehabilitation by examining factors influencing community participation after the onset of stroke. The study subjects were 100 patients with a stroke for more than six months. Korean Craig Handicap Assessment and Reporting Technique (K-CHART) was conducted to determine the level of participation of subjects, and Korean-Modified Barthel Index (K-MBI) was conducted to examine the factors influencing the community participation of the subjects to determine the level of independence of activities of daily living. As a result, the relevant factors of community participation in stroke patients were as follows. Physical independence, cognitive independence, mobility, work, and social integration of stroke patients showed higher explanatory power than engagement in activities of daily living, age, and employment. Also, physical independence, cognitive independence, mobility, work, and social integration were factors that affected participation. All items were statistically significant (p <.01). It is considered that this study will contribute to providing information for focusing on occupational therapy for increasing the social participation of stroke patients, and proper evaluation and intervention will work as essential rehabilitation factors for improving participation with respect to the influential factors of participation.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.273-283
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to analyze the optimum driver selection according to shaft intensity, shaft length and shaft weight that are determining factors of driver shot. To achieve the above purpose, the subject were participate with handicap zero 10 male pro golfer and mean score 90(handicap about 18) amateur 10 male golfer. The used club limited number 1 driver, we tested 24 driver which is shaft intensity, length, weight, total weight and swing weight. Dependent variable was strike ball speed, flying distance and head speed. The findings can be summarized as follows. First, There is a significantly difference in CPM. Ball speed, head speed and flying distance according to driver shaft intensity were found to be the best when CPM is 230<. Second, There is a significantly difference in shaft length. Ball speed, and head speed according to driver shaft length were found to be the best at 46 inch and flying distance were found to be the best at 45 inch. Third, There is not significantly difference in SW. Ball speed and flying distance according to driver shaft weight were found to be the best with 65g. In the case of head speed, it was the fastest with 50g shaft. Four, total variables were significantly difference between in pro and amateur golfer. In conclusion, there would be differences in individual physical condition but the best result was found with a driver of CPM 230<, shaft length 46inch, and shaft weight 65g.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.151-159
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• 2008

In this research, kinematic comparative analysis was performed on strokes of abscission and spinal cord injured athletes who participated in 2008 Beijing Paralympics wheelchair table tennis games. Strokes of all situations were collected under real match-like conditions. Among those, three major forehand stroke motions and backhand stroke motions were drawn Data collected by 9 infrared cameras were expressed in angular motions using graphic program LabVIEW7.0. As a result, forehand stroke of spin handicap athlete from analyzed images, the rotations of the trunk happened with the rotations of shoulder and the flexion extensions of elbow nearly at the same time. According to these results, insufficient turning force or speed of rackets is recompensed using flexion. backhand stroke of spin handicap athlete from analyzed images, the rotations of the trunk, the flexion extensions of the elbow and the flexion extensions of the shoulder were lined up on the prolongations of ping-pong balls. Forehand stroke of abscission athletes was done by outward rotation of the arm using backswing and inner rotation. As for backhand stroke, backswing was made by inner rotation in the spin of shoulder and waist. And after the backswing, impact was formed in wide outer rotation towards the ball.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.7-11
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• 2016

Background and Objectives: Quality of voice may be deteriorated after thyroidectomy without any injury to recurrent laryngeal nerve. While there have been several studies showing the change of acoustic parameters after thyroidectomy, factors related to deteriorated voice quality have been rarely studies. In this study, we sought to analyze the factors associated to deteriorated voice quality after thyroidectomy. Materials and Methods: We made a retrospective review of 35 patients who underwent thyroidectomy for papillary thyroid carcinoma. Voice analysis including acoustic analysis, voice handicap index 10 (VHI-10), and GRBAS score was conducted before and 3 months after surgery. Patients were grouped according to the amount of increase in VHI-10 after surgery ; group A (${\Delta}VHI<7$) and group B (${\Delta}VHI{\geq}7$). Clinicopathologic factors associated to patients of group B were analyzed and changes of parameters from acoustic analysis in each group were evaluated. Results : Patients of group B were associated with age ${\geq}45$ years (p=0.025) and showed borderline association to total thyroidectomy (p=0.075) and tumor size ${\geq}1cm$ (p=0.086). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that those with age ${\geq}45$ years were independently associated to deteriorated quality of voice (p=0.014, HR=18.38). Patients of group B were also associated to significant deterioration of high pitch (p<0.001) and Grade score with borderline significance (p=0.054). Conclusion: Patients older than 45 years may have higher risk of deterioration of quality of voice after thyroidectomy based on increase of VHI-10 score (${\Delta}VHI{\geq}7$). Association with deterioration of high pitch should also be considered in these patients.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.23-27
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• 2005

Background and Objectives : Voice disorders can cause problems in patients with benign vocal cord lesions emotionally, physically, economically and functionally. Neither subjective nor objective voice examinations can evaluate such factors adequately. The Voice Handicap Index (VHI) subjectively evaluates voice disorders in terms of physical, functional, emotional factors and measures the patient's perception of the impact of voice disorder. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the usefulness of VHI in the patients with benign vocal cord lesions. Materials and Method : The authors evaluated 37 patients who experienced laryngeal microsurgery for benign vocal cord lesions from september 2003 to August 2004. The VHI was used to measure the postoperative changes of the patient's perception and acoustic analysis and aerodynamic tests were also done. Statistical analysis was done using paired t-test and Pearson's correlation. Results : The VHI scores showed statistically significant reductions postoperatively. In acoustic analysis, jitter and shimmer had statistically significant reductions after surgery but noise-to-harmonics ratio did not. A statistically significant change in the average MFR and MPT perioperatively was found. The relationship between VHI and acoustic, aerodynamic analysis attained statistical significance. Conclusion : The VHI is a useful assessment tool to monitor the patient's self-perception of voice change after the surgery of benign vocal cord lesions. The VHI measurement, when combined with acoustic and aerodynamic analyses, will be helpful in comparing functional outcomes after voice surgery.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.102-107
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• 2016

Background and Objectives : Vocal polyps are caused by inflammation induced by stress or irritation. Many patients with vocal polyps complain voice discomfort. For vocal polyps, surgery such as laryngeal microsurgery has been the mainstay of management. We analyzed the clinical features of vocal polyps, and how the size and location of vocal polyps affect the outcomes of surgery. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed 42 patients from March 2014 to December 2015, who were diagnosed as unilateral single vocal polyp. When we operated on a vocal polyp with laryngeal microscopy, we measured their size and location. The quality of voice was evaluated by GRABS scale, jitter, shimmer, NHR (noise to harmonic ratio), MPT (maximum phonation time), and VHI (voice handicap index) before operation and 4 weeks after operation. Results : When we divided the patients into large-sized vocal polyp group (the longest length >3 mm) and small-sized vocal polyp group (the longest length ${\leq}3mm$), all parameter differences tend to be greater at large sized vocal polyp. However, these differences were not statistically significant (p>0.05). When we divided into two groups depending on the volume of vocal polyp, no distinct tendency was found. When we compared the location (anterior, mid and posterior) of vocal polyp with the improvement of voice quality, more change was found at mid portion vocal polyp, except the difference of VHI. However, these differences were also not statistically significant (p>0.05). Conclusion : All parameter differences tend to be greater at large vocal polyp and polyp of the mid location.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.108-113
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• 2016

Background and Objectives : After thyroidectomy, many patients experience problems report such things as reduced voice range and vocal fatigue, swallowing problems without superior and recurrent laryngeal nerve injury. The purpose of this study was to evaluate voice and swallowing problems before and after thyroid surgery without laryngeal nerve injury. Materials and Methods : Ninety-three patients who underwent thyroidectomy without laryngeal nerve injury and completed the follow-up evaluations were studied between June 2013 and December 2015. Each evaluation was performed preoperatively, as well as 1 week, 1 month postoperatively. Analysis was performed including voice handicap index (VHI), dysphagia handicap index (DHI), and acoustic voice analysis. Results : Patients show significant variation of parameters in the fundamental frequency (F), maximal phonation time (MPT), shimmer, jitter and soft phonation index (SPI) early after operation, and most of them showed recovery of parameters after 1month of operation. Perceptive complaint of voice and swallowing also showed significant decreased after operation (p<0.005). After 1month of operation, MPT, highest frequency and frequency ranges still showed significant decreased parameters. Comparing acoustic and perceptive parameters of total thyroidectomy and lobectomy, there was no significant changes between them except highest frequency (p=0.042). Conclusion : The results from both subjective and objective evaluations show voice and swallowing disturbance after thyroidectomy even in the absence of laryngeal nerve and provide patients information about the recovery process after surgery. Highest frequency parameter showed most significant changes after operation.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.434-450
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• 2001

This study is designed to understand the meaning and nature of raising children with cerebral palsy. It researches the experience of mothers of schoolchildren with cerebral palsy by the research method of hermeneutic phenomenology. The study was conducted from November 10, 1999 to December 20, 2000. When children with cerebral palsy usually show symptoms in the early stage of cerebral palsy, mothers do not take children to a doctor for diagnosis. And, most of mothers have a difficult time to accept the reality; they usually respond to the initial diagnosis with shock, reproach, and deny. When mothers start recognizing the reality, they consider that their children have cerebral palsy due to the their mismanagement during pregnancy, delivery, nursing, and initial treatment. They shelter their children from view and feel guilty that they cannot afford to try folk remedies for their children. As time passes, mothers face conflicts between families in diverse ways. Families put the blame on genetic effects. Mothers-in-law give their daughters-in-law a hard time, husbands shift the responsibility of raising children onto their wives, and trouble arises between families-in-law and mothers native families. When children grow up, it is physically difficult for mothers to take care their children. In addition, they suffer from all the troubles in family due to childrens handicap. Mothers try the diverse methods of bringing up children. However, they start getting tired of raising children as they experience failures and financial difficulties. Mothers feel collapsed recalling the ways of raising children. They feel anxiety, miserable, lonely, and worrying when they think how children would attend school, make friends, and live in the future. In this stage, mothers do their best to raise their children with hope. They tend to compare their children with others without handicap and spend money and time in attempting all the treatments. When mothers and children join the society at school, they find that the society does not understand disabled people, teachers show inconsiderate attitude, friends avoid them, and children hardly follow classes. Such experiences make mothers feel angry and frustrated. However, when children adapt to school, mothers see the possibility that children could accomplish schoolwork. They appreciate teachers help and others consideration. Mothers place appropriate expectations on their children and help them to prepare for the future. I would make following suggestions based on the results. 1. As a primary basic course of rehabilitation nursing intervention, solution-centered nursing intervention system should be developed. The intervention needs to be based on the understanding of mothers, who raise children with cerebral palsy, through in-depth interview. 2. Advance researches on the development of individual nursing intervention should be conducted. Individual nursing intervention needs to prevent and release actual pain focusing on mothers raising children with cerebral palsy. 3. Integrated curriculum that help children with cerebral palsy lead a normal school life with ordinary children should be developed. 4. Basic research on using of facilities and effective application of service volunteer to help children with cerebral palsy in school needs to be conducted.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.318-327
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to make a comprehensive study and to provide information about the dental caries and plaque index of cerebral person, and to aid improvement of their oral health. The author examined intraorally 1180 deciduous teeth, 5626 permanent teeth of 264 (male:153 female:111) cerebral palsy person and 1526 deciduous teeth, 4140 permanent teeth of 220 (male:125 female:95) non cerebral palsy person as the control group. The results were as follows : 1. Cerebral palsy persons Had higher dft rate than non-cerebral palsy persons. 2. Dental caries incidence between males and females in cerebral palsy persons showed no difference, and dental caries incidence of types in cerebral palsy person showed no difference, either. 3. Mental, motor, speech handicap degrees were negatively related to DMFT rate and DMFT index, and institutionalized cerebral palsy persons and cerebral palsy persons of which parent's occupation is private business were found low DMFT rate and DMFT index. 4. Cerebral palsy persons were found to have higher plaque index than non-cerebral palsy persons, and non institutionalized cerebral palsy persons and self-supported cerebral palsy persons were found high plaque index. 5. Plaque index of male and female in cerebral palsy person showed no difference, and Plaque index of types in cerebral palsy person showed no difference, either Plaque index of handicap degrees(mental, motor, speech) showed no difference.