• Korean Journal of Audiology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.131-137
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• 2021

Background and Objectives: The current study investigates pitch coding using frequency following response (FFR) among vocalists, violinists, and non-musicians for Indian Carnatic transition music stimuli and assesses whether their listening biographies strengthen their F0 neural encoding for these stimuli. Subjects and Methods: Three participant groups in the age range of 18-45 years were included in the study. The first group of participants consisted of 20 trained Carnatic vocalists, the second group consisted of 13 trained violinists, and the third group consisted of 22 non-musicians. The stimuli consisted of three Indian Carnatic raga notes (/S-R2-G3/), which was sung by a trained vocalist and played by a trained violinist. For the purposes of this study, the two transitions between the notes T1=/S-R2/ and T2=/R2-G3/ were analyzed, and FFRs were recorded binaurally at 80 dB SPL using neuroscan equipment. Results: Overall average responses of the participants were generated. To assess the participants' pitch tracking to the Carnatic music stimuli, stimulus to response correlation (CC), pitch strength (PS), and pitch error (PE) were measured. Results revealed that both the vocalists and violinists had better CC and PS values with lower PE values, as compared to non-musicians, for both vocal and violin T1 and T2 transition stimuli. Between the musician groups, the vocalists were found to perform superiorly to the violinists for both vocal and violin T1 and T2 transition stimuli. Conclusions: Listening biographies strengthened F0 neural coding, with respect to the vocalists for vocal stimulus at the brainstem level. The violinists, on the other hand, did not show such preference.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.117-126
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• 2021

An experimental study was carried out to investigate the applicability of cement-based materials for green soil which is a soil for promoting plant growth. The results show that the shear strength of the green soil mixed with gypsum cement (No.3) was low, but the hardness (23.6mm) and pH value (7.4) was most suitable for the vegetation environment. In addition, the initial vegetation germination of green soil, which improved performance by adding a moisturizer, was slower than that of general green soil, and the conductivity value tended to be slightly higher. On the other hand, the slope adhesion of advanced green soil was high, and it was found that the plant growth rate and the regeneration capacity were superior after time passed.

• Composite Materials and Engineering
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.167-178
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• 2021

In the present paper, the destructive behavior of distilled water, salty water, sulfuric acid, and heat on glass/vinyl ester composites was investigated by experimental methods. Hetron 922 vinyl ester resin and two types of mat and woven glass fibers as the reinforcements were used to fabricate composite test samples. All samples were immersed in distilled water, salty water, and sulfuric acid with three different concentrations. The tests were performed at 20℃ and 70℃ for the exposure duration of 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks. Bending tests were performed after aging for all composite samples to check the degradation of the bending modulus and strength. The results show that the effect of distilled water, in comparison with salty water, on the degradation of composite samples was significant. On the other hand, almost non-sensitivity of concentrations of salty water on the weight gain of specimens has been observed. In addition, it was also observed that the degradation of samples at 70℃ temperature is much more than that of at 20℃. Also, it was observed that the flexural modulus of virgin specimens exposed to salty water (2% concentration) has been recovered just after two weeks of immersion. Furthermore, in some cases, composite samples under the sulfuric acid solution have lost almost 80% of their mechanical properties.

• KEPCO Journal on Electric Power and Energy
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.103-110
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• 2022

Ultrafine Particle number and size distributions were simultaneously measured at rural area around the power plant in Dangjin, South Korea. New Particle formation and growth events were frequently observed during January, 2021 and classified based on their strength and persistence as well as the variation in geometric mean diameter(GMD) on January 12, 21 and 17. In this study, we investigated mechanisms of new particle growth based on measurements using a high resolution time of flight aerosol mass spectrometer(HR-ToF-AMS) and a scanning mobility particle sizer(SMPS). On Event days(Jan 12 and 21), the total average growth rate was found to be 8.46 nm/h~24.76 nm/hr. These growth rate are comparable to those reported for other urban and rural sites in South Korea using different method. Comparing to the Non-Event day(Jan 17), New Particle Growth mostly occurred when solar radiation is peaked and relative humidity is low in daytime, moreover enhanced under the condition of higher precusors, NO₂ (39.9 vs 6.2ppb), VOCs(129.5 vs 84.6ppb), NH₃(11 vs 4.7ppb). The HR-ToF-AMS PM_1.0 composition shows Organic and Ammoniated nitrate were dominant species effected by emission source in domestic. On the other hand, The Fraction of Ammoniated sulfate was calculated to be approximately 16% and 31% when air quality is inflow from China. Longer term studies are needed to help resolve the relative contributions of each precusor species on new particle growth characteristics.

• Journal of Audiology & Otology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.131-137
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• 2021

Background and Objectives: The current study investigates pitch coding using frequency following response (FFR) among vocalists, violinists, and non-musicians for Indian Carnatic transition music stimuli and assesses whether their listening biographies strengthen their F0 neural encoding for these stimuli. Subjects and Methods: Three participant groups in the age range of 18-45 years were included in the study. The first group of participants consisted of 20 trained Carnatic vocalists, the second group consisted of 13 trained violinists, and the third group consisted of 22 non-musicians. The stimuli consisted of three Indian Carnatic raga notes (/S-R2-G3/), which was sung by a trained vocalist and played by a trained violinist. For the purposes of this study, the two transitions between the notes T1=/S-R2/ and T2=/R2-G3/ were analyzed, and FFRs were recorded binaurally at 80 dB SPL using neuroscan equipment. Results: Overall average responses of the participants were generated. To assess the participants' pitch tracking to the Carnatic music stimuli, stimulus to response correlation (CC), pitch strength (PS), and pitch error (PE) were measured. Results revealed that both the vocalists and violinists had better CC and PS values with lower PE values, as compared to non-musicians, for both vocal and violin T1 and T2 transition stimuli. Between the musician groups, the vocalists were found to perform superiorly to the violinists for both vocal and violin T1 and T2 transition stimuli. Conclusions: Listening biographies strengthened F0 neural coding, with respect to the vocalists for vocal stimulus at the brainstem level. The violinists, on the other hand, did not show such preference.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.147-156
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• 2022

Objective: Electrical stimulation is an assistive technology used to aid the recovery of upper limb use after stroke. The purpose of this systematic review was to determine the effects of electrical stimulation on upper extremity function in individuals with hemiparetic stroke and to develop an evidence base that supports the use of electrical stimulation for upper limb recovery after stroke. Design: A systematic review based on randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Methods: Studies published before April 20 2021 were collected for this review by searching PubMed, four other databases, and RCTs that reported the effects of electrical stimulation on upper extremity function in individuals with the characteristic stroke type. Information on the following parameters was extracted from each study: surname of first author, published year, country, participants, intervention, intervention's intensity, comparison, outcomes, additional therapy, and summary of results. This review also evaluated the bias within each study, including any selection bias, performance bias, detection bias, attrition bias, and reporting bias. Results: This review included five RCTs, and 208 stroke patients were included in the analysis. Stroke patients who underwent electrical stimulation showed significantly improved grip and pinch strengths, wrist range of motion, and basic daily living compared to those in the control group; however, there was no improvement in upper extremity function. Of the selected papers, 60% showed a "high risk" of performance bias, and 20% showed a "high risk" of detection bias. Conclusions: The results of this systematic review suggest that electrical stimulation provides some benefits to stroke patients, such as improved hand strength and range of motion. However, future studies are needed to provide clinical evidence of the effects of electrical stimulation on upper extremity function in stroke patients.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.171-183
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• 2023

Purpose : This study sought to investigate research trends regarding joint mobilization type among patients with shoulder joint diseases. Methods : A scoping review was conducted according to the five steps outlined by Arskey and O'Malley and PRISMA-ScR. We searched six domestic databases (ScienceOn, DBpia, Riss, Kmbase, Kiss, KCI) and three international databases (CINAHL, Pubmed, Cochrane central) between 2013 and June 2023. The keyword terms used were 'joint mobilization', 'Kaltenborn', 'Maitland', 'Mulligan', and 'shoulder joint'. Results : There were a total of 44 studies that investigated the topic, and these were divided into quantitative analysis and topic analysis. In terms of publication year, the number of studies within the last five years has increased more than compared to the previous five years, with most of them being randomized clinical trials. In shoulder joint diseases, it was found that the majority of joint movement studies focused on adhesive joint cystitis and shoulder collision syndrome. The Mulligan concept was the most commonly studied type of joint motion. The dependent variables used included pain, joint function (disability), and muscle function. The visual analog scale was the most commonly used for the pain variable, followed by the numeric rating scale. For joint function and disability variables, range of motion was the most commonly used, followed by shoulder pain and disability index, and disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand. For muscle function, variables such as muscle tone, strength, and activity were used. Conclusion : We believe that findings of this scoping review can serve as valuable mapping data for joint mobilization research on shoulder joint diseases. Further studies including systematic reviews and meta-analyses based on these results are recommended.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.25-35
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• 2008

It has been recognized that the behaviour of unsaturated soil plays an important role in geomechanics. However, up to now, only a few experimental data are available for the technical difficulties related to both volume changes and suction measurements. In this study, the volume changes of unsaturated compacted silty soil were monitored with proximeter during various triaxial compression tests, which gave a realistic estimation in the volume changes of unsaturated soil sample. From the test results, the behaviours of wetting-induced collapses are observed during the drainage/water absorption tests. Under exhausted-drained conditions during shearing, the shear strength increases with an increasing initial suction. On the other hand, the volume changes become small with an increase in the initial suction. And, the volumetric strain during shearing is independent of the confining pressure.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.131-142
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• 2023

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess lipid levels and to identify groups with poor lipid control group among patients with dyslipidemia. Methods: Data from 1,399 Korean patients with dyslipidemia older than 20 years were extracted from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Complex sample analysis and decision-tree analysis were conducted with using SPSS for Windows version 27.0. Results: The mean levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and high density lipoprotein cholesterol were 211.38±1.15 mg/dL, 306.61±1.15 mg/dL, 118.48±1.08 mg/dL, and 42.39±1.15 mg/dL, respectively. About 61% of participants showed abnormal lipid control. Poor glycemic control groups (TC ≥ 200 mg/dL or TG ≥ 150 mg/dL or LDL-C ≥ 130 mg/dL) were identified through seven different pathways via decision-tree analysis. Poor lipid control groups were categorized based on patients' characteristics such as gender, age, education, dyslipidemia medication adherence, perception of dyslipidemia, diagnosis of myocardial infarction or angina, diabetes mellitus, perceived health status, relative hand grip strength, hemoglobin A1c, aerobic exercise per week, and walking days per week. Dyslipidemia medication adherence was the most significant predictor of poor lipid control. Conclusion: The findings demonstrated characteristics that are predictive of poor lipid control and can be used to detect poor lipid control in patients with dyslipidemia.

• The Journal of the Society of Stroke on Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.55-62
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• 2018

A patient with right upper limb weakness was diagnosed with idiopathic polyneuropathy and received a series of Korean Medicine including acupuncture, electroacupuncture, bee venom acupuncture, and administration of herbal medicine BacJung-hwan for 17 days of hospitalization period. The progression of the weakness was measured by Hand grip tester, neuralgia and numbness were measured by the NRS(Numerical Rating Scale) scores. After treatment, the right grip strength improved from 12kg to 35kg and the right upper limb neuralgia of the NRS5 was improved to NRS2. The present case study suggests that the potential effects of Korean Medicine treatment for idiopathic polyneuropathy.