• 음성과학
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.259-273
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• 2001

This study investigates the accentual realization of negation denying the presupposition of a previous utterance compared with that of a general negation. Specifically we study what types and positions of accent are realized in the speech of Korean speakers using English as a second language as well as English native speakers. Gussenhoven (1983) and Bolinger (1985, 1986) suggested that when presupposition of previous utterances is denied through negation, focal accent is assigned to empty (functional) words, rather than negative morphemes. The results of this study, however, show that negation sentences denying presupposition have accents not only on empty (functional) words but also on content words. Almost every English native speaker places an H* accent on the negative morphemes themselves (not, no, nothing, etc.) in general negation, as well as on the other lexical items-verbs and prepositions in our data-in negations denying presuppositions. On the other hand, Korean speakers hardly distinguish between the two kinds of negation sentences, unlike native speakers through accentual differences. Rather, they give accent an every content word, including the negative morphemes in both general negations and negations denying presuppositions. Therefore, the results of this study do not absolutely support the previous studies on the denial of presupposition.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.548-566
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• 2013

The availability of technology and the abundance of experts in universities create an ample opportunity to provide a venue that allows a knowledge seeker to easily connect with and request advice from university experts. On the other hand, outsourcing provides opportunities and remains one of the emerging trends in organizations, and can very clearly observed in the Philippines. This paper describes the development of a reliable web-based approach to Knowledge Product Outsourcing (KPO) services in the Silliman Online University Learning system. The system is called an "e-Knowledge Box."It integrates Web 2.0 technologies and mechanisms, such as instant messaging, private messaging, document forwarding, video conferencing, online payments, net meetings, and social collaboration together into one system. Among the tools used are WAMP Server 2.0, PHP, BlabIM, Wordpress 3.0, Video Whisper, Red5, Adobe Dreamweaver CS4, and Virtual Box. The proposed system is integrated with the search engine in URLs, Web feeds, email links, social bookmarking, search engine sitemaps, and Web Analytics Direct Visitor Reports. The site demonstrates great web usability and has an excellent rating in functionality, language and content, online help and user guides, system and user feedback, consistency, and architectural and visual clarity. Likewise, the site was was rated as being very good for the following items: navigation navigation, user control, and error prevention and correction.

• 중소기업융합학회논문지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2013

소프트웨어 품질이 중요시 되고 있는 최근 소프트웨어 아키텍처에 대한 연구는 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 또한 스마트 폰의 단말 플랫폼의 다양화로 인하여, 다양한 플랫폼에 탑재하는 서비스를 제공하기 위해 어플리케이션의 개발에 대한 노력이 증가되었다. 그러나 이러한 다양한 플랫폼 지원에 대한 노력을 감소시키기 위하여 다양한 솔루션들이 제시되었고, 이중의 대표적인 것이 FireMonkey 프레임워크이다. 본 연구에서는 FireMonkey 프레임워크의 아키텍처를 ACME로 표현하여, 소프트웨어 개발자가 다양한 플랫폼을 대상으로 어떻게 어플리케이션을 개발해야 하는지에 대한 가이드라인을 제공할 수 있도록 하였다. 이를 통해 소프트웨어 아키텍처가 멀티 플랫폼을 지원하기 위하여 어떠한 관점을 고려해야하는지 알 수 있게 하였다.

• 영어어문교육
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.185-207
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• 2009

This study investigated the extent of informational text genre appeared in English textbooks at grades six, seven, and nine. Employing content analysis to analyze the literary forms, the researcher identified genre in each reading selection of each English textbook and classified it into six categories - fiction, information, biography, poetry, play, or fantasy. Especially, informational genre was classified further into two subcategories - non-narrative and narrative - in order to investigate the extent of non-narrative informational text only. The text genre was examined by analyzing (a) the number of reading selections representing each genre and (b) the number of words in reading selections devoted to each genre. The most frequent type of genre at grade 6 and 7 was fiction with 94% and 71% respectively, whereas at grade 9 it was devoted to information (51%), followed by fiction (37%). The largest number of words was devoted to fiction with 96% at the sixth grade and 70% at the seventh grade; on the other hand, for grade 9, it was devoted to information (46%), followed by fiction (39%). Although there was variance across different publishers, the informational text genre gained more significance as the grade level increased. In particular, the percentage of reading selections and words devoted to the non-narrative or expository informational genre was overall 4% at grade 6, 17% at grade 7, and 44% at grade 9. The findings demonstrated the need to pay more attention to informational literacy especially in the early grades for the development of balanced genre knowledge.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.789-793
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• 2007

To evaluate the effectiveness of cupping and bloodletting therapy in the treatment of musculoskeletal diseases. Systematic searches were conducted on KSI, KISTI, DB Pia, KIOM Database, and Koreamed until January 2007 Hand-searches included conference proceedings and our own files. There were no restrictions regarding the language of journals published in Korea. Controlled trials of dry cupping, wet cupping, or blood letting for patients with musculoskeletal disease were considered for inclusion. Trials testing other forms of dry cupping therapy were included. Methodological quality was assessed by two doctors. 20 possibly relevant studies were identified and 5 studies were included. One trial tested wet cupping for ankle sprain and reported positive result. Two trials tested blood letting for low back pain, one was positive and the other one was neutral. One trial tested the types of dry cupping for low back pain, and Ki-gong cupping therapy was superior to other two types of cupping. One trial compared wet cupping with dry cupping for low back pain and the result was negative. The effectiveness of bloodletting plus acupuncture for treating patients with low back pain is superior to acupuncture in spite of low quality. One trial of wet cupping for ankle sprain had effects in reducing pain. However, I suggest that the rigorous RCTs of cupping and blood letting therapy will be conducted in well designed features.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.73-87
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is 1) to compare the employment status and wage level of "Clothing and Fashion" major (CF major) graduates with those from other majors and 2) to examine factors affecting the employment status and wage level of CF major university graduates. The data were pooled from the 2009-2012 Graduates Occupational Mobility Survey Data, conducted by Korea Employment Information Service. First, when graduates of CF major were compared with other majors in the same academic area-natural science and arts-, the rate of employment was higher for CF majors than that of other majors; on the other hand, there is no difference in the wage levels between those with graduates in CF majors and those with other majors. Second, we examined factors affecting CF major graduates' employment and wage level based on graduates' individual factors, university factor, and job preparation factors. Employment status of graduates in CF major was predicted by respondent's gender and university type, and work experience. The wage level of CF major graduates was significantly predicted by individual factors (e.g., gender and age, university factors (e.g., university type, university program, location), and job preparation factors (e.g., certificates, overseas experience of foreign language training, English test scores). The results of this study would provide a guide to direct university educational program in order to assess the current capabilities in the field of clothing and fashion.

• 고전문학과교육
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• 제15호
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• pp.139-161
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• 2008

This study examined the texts of the Late Joseon Dynasty's YEONJEONG GASA, whose authors are unknown, to list the contents of education which can be provided by conventional elements. Most existing discussions on expression education have focused on creativity. However, the perspective creativity based on the concepts of modern individualism and difference believes that creation can be done only by special professionals with inborn abilities and is likely to jeopardize the possibility and need of expression education to reduce the scope of expression education. On the other hand, conventionality has been related to "cliche" and "old-fashioned" and considered the counterpoint of creativity with lacking originality and aesthetical or educational valuelessness. Nevertheless, conventionality is valuable as cultural custom in that it is closely related to the contemporary culture, thoughts, and language. Also, it is the power that creates new text and induces sympathy in receivers. The Late Joseon Dynasty's YEONJEONG GASA by unknown authors include typicality of circumstances, schematism of emotion, and formula in conventionality. The positive aspects of conventionality - familiarity and intimacy - are the basis of sympathy and become the power that encourages the public to participate in creation and enjoyment within the frame of creativity. Ultimately, conventionality of YEONJEONG GASA allows learners to experience the pleasure of expression and has an important meaning for expression education as it provides them with the opportunity to perform expressions to extend sympathy.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.153-174
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• 2021

Dental implants are popular for dental rehabilitation after tooth loss. The goal of this systematic review was to assess bone changes around bone-level and tissue-level implants and the possible causes. Electronic searches of PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science, and a hand search limited to English language clinical trials were performed according to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) guidelines up to September 2020. Studies that stated the type of implants used, and that reported bone-level changes after insertion met the inclusion criteria. The risk of bias was also evaluated. A total of 38 studies were included. Eighteen studies only used bone-level implants, 10 utilized tissue-level designs and 10 observed bone-level changes in both types of implants. Based on bias assessments, evaluating the risk of bias was not applicable in most studies. There are vast differences in methodologies, follow-ups, and multifactorial characteristics of bone loss around implants, which makes direct comparison impossible. Therefore, further well-structured studies are needed.

• 영미문화
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.159-183
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• 2014

This thesis aims to explore another possibility of comparative literature in the light of translation. Comparative literature has been criticized for its Eurocentrism to attempt to assimilate all differences from other cultures and national literatures into the frame of the Western. On the other hand, it has been haunted by the anxiety of "unhomliness", which means it doesn't have a stable and definable terrain as an independent disciplinary. However, it can offer the possibility to overcome its limitation and thematize in- betweenness of diverse terrains due to its fluid and ambiguous position and identity of discipline. When it deals with the issue of in-betweenness, 'the Untranslatable' can be an helpful apparatus to analyze comparative literature through translation theories. Along with the recent change in the study of comparative literature under the influence of transnationalism and hybridization, the role of translation which has been disregarded for a long time is being reevaluated. Translation functions to transfer literary works beyond boundaries of languages, whereas it visualizes incommensurable differences through the failure of finding ultimate equivalences between languages and arriving at one single meaning. The existence of the untranslatable suggests that the attempt to totalize differences is unfeasible, thereby makes comparison unending. Salman Rushdie's Shalimar the Clown can be an appropriate instance that the untranslatable was used as a literary technique to show unreducible alterity of non-Western language and culture.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.86-96
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• 2021

This cross-sectional survey research carried out with the inquisitive agenda on satisfaction of the translation outcomes as performed by human translation and (machine translation) post-editing. The survey group consisted of 166 Korean translators primarily working with the English, Chinese, and Japanese languages. They were asked to rate the satisfactory level with accuracy, fluency, idiomatic expression, and terminology in the Richter's scale of four. The result reveals that human translation is more satisfactory than post-editing with respect to accuracy, but it is uneasy to assert that accuracy is unsatisfactory in post-editing. On the other hand, the Korean translators are less satisfied with fluency, idiomatic expression, and terminology than accuracy. It can be assumed that although human translation is more satisfactory than post-editing, the accuracy of post-editing seems to be more acknowledged than fluency, idiomatic expression, and terminology, which lead the translators to take the accuracy of raw machine-translation products and to go on to improve the fluency, idiomatic expression, and terminology. Nevertheless, Korean translators believe Korean idiomatic expressions cannot be satisfactorily produced in post-editing, while fluency and terminology can be improved in post-editing.