• 약학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.615-620
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• 1993

The cross-coupling reaction of organo tin reagents with a variety of organic halides, catalyzed by palladium, provides a novel method for generating a carbon-carbon bond. We used this method for the antibacterial agents, and synthesis of new quinolone derivatives which have carbon-carbon bond at C-7 position of general quinolone moieties. Aryl tin, quinolone moieties, and palladium catalyst were refluxed in DMF to afford new quinolone derivatives. This palladium catalyzed coupling reactions have capacity for further synthetic elaboration.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.559-563
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• 1994

Glycosylation of benzoylated glycosyl halides of glucose, galactose and mannose with potassium p-nitrophenoxide and 18-crown-6 complex in chloroform resulted in the stereospecific formation of 1,2-trans p-nitrophenyl glycopyranosides in good yields. The same reaction with benzylated mannopyranosyl chloride gave the ${\alpha}-and\;{\beta}-p-nitrophenyl$ mannopyranosides in 3 : 1 ratio. However, acetylated 2-azido-altropyranosyl chloride gave ${\beta}-p-nitrophenyl$ altropyranoside only.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.87-90
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• 1969

Trans-cinnamyl chloride와 bromide의 방사성 Cl$^{-}$, Br$^{-}$ 및 I$^{-}$와의 교환 반응을 아세톤 용액에서 반응속도론적으로 연구하였다. 상대적인 할로겐 이온들의 친핵성과 이탈능을 HSAB 원리를 이용하여 논의하였다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제65권1호
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• pp.62-66
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• 2021

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.153-157
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• 1995

Calix[6]arenes are selectively dialkylated at the lower rim and further functionalized by the aminomethylation and Claisen Rearrangement reactions. Dialkylation was conducted by the reaction of calix[6]arene and alkyl halides such as benzyl bromide, allyl bromide, ethyl bromoacetate, propyl bromide, and methyl iodide under the carefully controlled reaction conditions. Aminomethylation was carried out with the treatment of disubstituted calix[6]arene and secondary amine in the presence of formaldehyde. Claisen rearrangement reaction of the O-diallylcalix[6]arene produced the p-diallylcalix[6]arene.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2016년도 제50회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.427-427
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• 2016

Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite have attracted significant attention as a new revolutionary light absorber for photovoltaic device due to its remarkable characteristics such as long charge diffusion lengths (100-1000nm), low recombination rate, and high extinction coefficient. Recently, power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cell is above 20% that is approached to crystalline silicon solar cells. Planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells have simple device structure and can be fabricated low temperature process due to absence of mesoporous scaffold that should be annealed over 500 oC. However, in the planar structure, controlling perovskite film qualities such as crystallinity and coverage is important for high performances. Those controlling methods in one-step deposition have been reported such as adding additive, solvent-engineering, using anti-solvent, for pin-hole free perovskite layer to reduce shunting paths connecting between electron transport layer and hole transport layer. Here, we studied the effect of alkali metal halide to control the fabrication process of perovskite film. During the morphology determination step, alkali metal halides can affect film morphologies by intercalating with PbI2 layer and reducing $CH3NH3PbI3{\cdot}DMF$ intermediate phase resulting in needle shape morphology. As types of alkali metal ions, the diverse grain sizes of film were observed due to different crystallization rate depending on the size of alkali metal ions. The pin-hole free perovskite film was obtained with this method, and the resulting perovskite solar cells showed higher performance as > 10% of power conversion efficiency in large size perovskite solar cell as $5{\times}5cm$. X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) are analyzed to prove the mechanism of perovskite film formation with alkali metal halides.

• 센서학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.179-185
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• 2006

We have developed a noncontact temperature sensor using a silver halides infrared optical fiber. An infrared radiation from a heat source is transferred by a silver halides infrared optical fiber and measured by infrared sensors such as a thermopile and a thermal optical power-meter. The relationships between the temperature of a heat source and the output voltage of the thermopile and the optical power of a thermal optical power-meter are determined. The measurable temperature range using a thermopile and a thermal optical power-meter are from 100 to $750^{\circ}C$ and from 30 to $750^{\circ}C$ respectively. It is expected that a noncontact temperature sensor using infrared optical fiber can be developed for medical and industrial usages based on the results of this study.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.84-90
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• 2006

UV-catalytic oxidation technique was applied for the treatment of bio-refractory character of the leachate, which is generally present in the form of adsorbable organic halogens (AOX). Destruction of AOX was likely to be governed by pH adjustment, quantitative measurement of oxidants, and the selection of oxidation model type. Peroxide induced degradation ($UV/H_2O_2$) facilitated the chemical oxidation of organic halides in acidic medium, however, the system showed least AOX removal efficiency than the other two systems. Increased dosage of hydrogen peroxide (from 0.5 time to 1.0 time concentration) even did not contribute to a significant increase in the removal rate of AOX. In ozone induced degradation system ($UV/O_3$), alkaline medium (pH 10) favored the removal of AOX and the removal rate was found 11% higher than the rate at pH 3. Since efficiency of the $UV/O_3$ increases with the increase of pH, therefore, more OH-radicals were available for the destruction of organic halides. UV-light with the combination of both ozone and hydrogen peroxide ($UV/H_2O_2$ 0.5 time/$O_3$ 25 mg/min) showed the highest removal rate of AOX and the removal efficiency was found 26% higher than the removal efficiency of $UV/O_3$. The system $UV/H2O_2/O_3$ got the economic preference over the other two systems since lower dose of hydrogen peroxide and relatively shorter reaction time were found enough to get the highest AOX removal rate.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제34권12호
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• pp.3755-3761
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• 2013

This study aims to assess the ecological risk of the hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) emitted in the semiconductor manufacturing processes in Korea by using Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship (QSAR, EPA, US, EPI $Suite^{TM}$ 4.1). Owing to the absence of environmental standards of hazardous air pollutants in the semiconductor manufacturing processes in Korea, 18 HAPs in the semiconductor field included in both the US EPA NESHAPs and the hazardous air pollutant list of Ministry of Environment in Korea were selected. As a results 8 chemicals (44.4%) of the selected 18 HAPs were VOCs. Cyanides (cyanides) and ethylene oxides (epoxy resins), and tetrachloro-ethylene (aliphatic compounds, halides) showed long half-lives. Cyanide HAPs especially had the highest half-life with the estimated value of 356.533 days. Nickel compounds (heavy metal compounds) possessed the highest water solubility followed by acetaldehyde (aldehyde compounds), ethylene oxides, and 1,4-dioxanes. The halides, including tetrachloro-ethylenes, carbon tetra-chlorides, benzene (aromatic compounds), and lead (heavy metals), are estimated to take the longest time for biodegradation. Tetrachloroethylene, with the acute toxicity end point of 3.685-7.033 mg/L, was assessed to be the most highly toxic substance among the 18 HAPs. However, considering the absence of the HAPs in the common category of log $K_{ow}{\geq}4$and $BCF{\geq}500$, which indicates the standard of bioconcentration potentials, potentials of the bioconcentration are considered to be low.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.522-529
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• 1989

팔라듐 촉매를 이용하여 할로겐화 비닐의 CO 첨가반응과 짝지음 반응을 동시에 진행시키는 CO 첨가 호모 짝지음 반응을 실시하여 비교적 좋은 수득률로 대칭 디비닐케톤 및 디비닐 ${\alpha}$-디케톤을 합성하였다. 촉매로는 palladium(II) acetate에 2mol%의 리간드를 사용하고 염기는 3당량의 tributylamine, 극성 용매를 사용하여 10기압의 일산화탄소 존재 하에 $100^{\circ}C$에서 반응을 실시한 경우 디비닐 ${\alpha}$-디케톤을 가장 좋은 수득률로 얻을 수 있었으며, 일산화탄소 상압 하에서는 주로 디비닐케톤이 합성되었다. 또한, 여러가지 할로겐화 비닐에 대해 위와 같은 반응조건으로 반응을 실시해 본 결과 예상한 대로 순조롭게 반응이 진행되어 여러가지의 디비닐케톤 및 디비닐 ${\alpha}$-디케톤을 선택적으로 합성할 수 있음을 확인하였다.