• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.47-60
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• 2008

The appearance regulations of many middle and high schools have received attention as the social concern over infringement of students' human right is heightened. This study aimed at examining students' perception of and attitude toward appearance-related regulations enforced by high schools in Seoul. For this purpose, a survey was conducted with 866 freshmen and sophomore students from six Co-Ed high schools located in Seoul. Students evaluated each of the 50 appearance-related regulations in terms of how strong they perceive the regulation is enforced in their school, how important they believe the regulation is, and finally, how much they actually observe it. The results indicated that regulations related to school uniforms are perceived important, and also were well-observed. Students, however, showed low levels of observance toward some regulations--i.e., regulations of hair styles or garments worn with school uniforms(coats, scarves, or turtlenecks). Students' personal characteristics were also found to influence their perception and observance of the regulations. This study has an implication for teachers and administers. For these regulations to be more effective, it was suggested that schools communicate the importance of appearance-related regulations to students and convince them, or consider revising their policies to reflect students' perspectives.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.30 no.6C
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• pp.585-592
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• 2005

One of the most important things in the researches on diseases is to attach more importance to prevention of a disease and preservation of health than to treatment of a disease, also to foods rather than to medicines. In this context, the most significant concern in examining a patient is to find the presence of disease, and, if any, to diaguose the type of disease, after which a pharmacotherapy is followed. In this paper, various diagnosis methods of Oriental medicines are discussed. And ocular inspection, the most important method among the 4 disease diagnoses of Oriental medicines, is studied. Observing a person's shape and color has been the major method for ocular inspection, which usually has been dependent upon doctor's intuition as of these days. We are developing an automatic system which provides objective basic data for ocular inspection. As the first stage, we applied the signal processing techniques to automatic feature extraction of faces for ocular inspection. Firstly, facial regions are extracted from the point of frontal view, which was followed by extraction of their features. The experiment applied to 20 persons showed that frontal face regions are perfectly extracted, as well as their features, such as eyes, eyebrows, noses and mouths. Future work will seek to address the issues of morphological operation for a few unfinished extraction results, such as combined hair and eyebrows.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.5-20
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• 1997

War and poverty depress the consumption of cosmetics, while peace and prosperity encourage their proliferation. With the end of World War II, the US, Europe and Japan witnessed rapid growth of their cosmetic industries. The ending of the Cold War has stimulated the growth of the industry in Eastern Europe. Improved economies, and mass communication are also responsible for the fast growth of the cosmetic industries in many Asian nations. The rapid development of the cosmetic industry in mainland China over the past decade proves that changing economies and political climates can deeply affect the health of our business. In addition to war, economy, political climate and mass communication, factors such as lifestyle, religion, morality and value concepts, can also affect the growth of our industry. Cosmetics are the product of the society. As society and the needs of its people change, cosmetics also evolve with respect to their contents, packaging, distribution, marketing concepts, and emphasis. In many ways, cosmetics mirror our society, reflecting social changes. Until the early 70's, cosmetics in the US were primarily developed for white women. The civil rights movement of the 60's gave birth to ethnic cosmetics, and products designed for African-Americans became popular in the 70's and 80's. The consumerism of the 70's led the FDA to tighten cosmetic regulations, forcing manufacturers to disclose ingredients on their labels. The result was the spread of safety-oriented, "hypoallergenic" cosmetics and more selective use of ingredients. The new ingredient labeling law in Europe is also likely to affect the manner in which development chemists choose ingredients for new products. Environmental pollution, too, can affect cosmetics trends. For example, the concern over ozone depletion in the stratosphere has promoted the consumption of suncare products. Similarly, the popularity of natural cosmetic ingredients, the search of non-animal testing methods, and ecology-conscious cosmetic packaging seen in recent years all reflect the profound influences of our changing world. In the 1980's, a class of efficacy-oriented skin-care products, which the New York Times dubbed "serious" cosmetics, emerged in the US. "Cosmeceuticals" refer to hybrids of cosmetics and pharmaceuticals which have gained importance in the US in the 90's and are quickly spreading world-wide. In spite of regulatory problems, consumer demand and new technologies continue to encourage their development. New classes of cosmeceuticals are emerging to meet the demands of increasingly affluent Asian consumers as we enter the 21st century. as we enter the 21st century.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.269-276
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• 2010

Total mercury and methylmercury concentrations were determined in 15 commonly consumed aquatic food species using total mercury analyzer and gas chromatography with electron capture detector. The mean total mercury and methylmercury concentrations (mg/kg) were 0.088 and 0.034 in mackerel, 0.061 and 0.016 in hair tail, 0.030 and 0.005 in yellow croaker, 0.032 and 0.008 in Alaska pollock, 0.059 and 0.023 in eastern catfish, 0.110 and 0.045 in snakehead, 0.030 and 0.011 in Japanese common squid, 0.026 and 0.009 in common octopus, 0.035 and 0.008 in swimming crab, 0.009 and not detected (ND) in oyster, 0.011 and ND in shortneck clam, 0.008 and ND in mussel, 0.018 and ND in sea mustard, 0.007 and ND in nori, and 0.019 and ND in sea tangle, respectively. The total weekly dietary intakes of total mercury and methylmercury were estimated, respectively, using food consumption data from diet surveys and the concentrations of total mercury and methylmercury from this study. They were $0.178\;{\mu}g/kg$ body weight (b.w.)/week (3.57% of provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI)) and $0.052\;{\mu}g/kg$ b.w./week (3.34% of PTWI) respectively, and all were within their respective PTWI set by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA). Therefore, considering that the main contributor to mercury intake in the diet is aquatic foods and that the 15 aquatic food species examined in this study are highly consumed, it is concluded that the mercury levels in the foods measured in this study do not present a concern for consumer health.