• International Journal of Stem Cells
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.93-107
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• 2023

Background and Objectives: Chronic periodontitis can lead to alveolar bone resorption and eventually tooth loss. Stem cells from exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) are appropriate bone regeneration seed cells. To track the survival, migration, and differentiation of the transplanted SHED, we used super paramagnetic iron oxide particles (SPIO) Molday ION Rhodamine-B (MIRB) to label and monitor the transplanted cells while repairing periodontal bone defects. Methods and Results: We determined an appropriate dose of MIRB for labeling SHED by examining the growth and osteogenic differentiation of labeled SHED. Finally, SHED was labeled with 25 ㎍ Fe/ml MIRB before being transplanted into rats. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to track SHED survival and migration in vivo due to a low-intensity signal artifact caused by MIRB. HE and immunohistochemical analyses revealed that both MIRB-labeled and unlabeled SHED could promote periodontal bone regeneration. The colocalization of hNUC and MIRB demonstrated that SHED transplanted into rats could survive in vivo. Furthermore, some MIRB-positive cells expressed the osteoblast and osteocyte markers OCN and DMP1, respectively. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay revealed that SHED could secrete protein factors, such as IGF-1, OCN, ALP, IL-4, VEGF, and bFGF, which promote bone regeneration. Immunofluorescence staining revealed that the transplanted SHED was surrounded by a large number of host-derived Runx2- and Col II-positive cells that played important roles in the bone healing process. Conclusions: SHED could promote periodontal bone regeneration in rats, and the survival of SHED could be tracked in vivo by labeling them with MIRB. SHED are likely to promote bone healing through both direct differentiation and paracrine mechanisms.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.65 no.3
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• pp.177-182
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• 2008

Background: Isoniazid (INH, H) is a key drug of the standard first-line regimen for the treatment of tuberculosis (TB), yet some reports have suggested that treatment efficacy was maintained even though INH was omitted from the treatment regimen. Methods: One hundred forty C57BL/6 mice were infected with the H37Rv strain of M. tuberculosis with using a Glas-Col aerosol generation device, and this resulted in depositing about 100 bacilli in the lung. Four weeks after infection, anti-TB treatment was initiated with varying regimens for 4-8 weeks; Group 1: no treatment (control), Group 2 (4HREZ): 4 weeks of INH, rifampicin (R), pyrazinamide (Z) and ethambutol (E), Group 3: 1HREZ/3REZ, Group 4: 4REZ, Group 5: 4HREZ/4HRE, Group 6: 1HREZ/3REZ/4RE, and Group 7: 4REZ/4RE. The lungs and spleens were harvested at several time points until 28 weeks after infection, and the colony-forming unit (CFU) counts were determined. Results: The CFU counts increased steadily after infection in the control group. In the 4-week treatment groups (Group 2-4), even though the culture was negative at treatment completion, the bacilli grew again at the 12-week and 20-week time points after completion of treatment. In the 8-week treatment groups (Groups 5-7), the bacilli did not grow in the lung at 4 weeks after treatment initiation and thereafter. In the spleens of Group 7 in which INH was omitted from the treatment regimen, the culture was negative at 4-weeks after treatment initiation and thereafter. However, in Groups 5 and 6 in which INH was taken continuously or intermittently, the bacilli grew in the spleen at some time points after completion of treatment. Conclusion: TThe exclusion of INH from the standard first-line regimen did not affect the treatment outcome in a murine model of TB in the early stage of disease. Further studies using a murine model of chronic TB are necessary to clarify the role of INH in the standard first-line regimen for treating TB.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.1-18
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• 2023

Objectives The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and wound healing effects of Samul-tang-ga-dansam water extract (SD) in wound-induced mice. Methods The mice were divided into five groups (n=7): the normal group, the control group, the positive control group, the low-dose SD group and the high-dose SD group. The normal group had no wounds and the other groups were wounded on the back with a leather punch. Distilled water was administered to the control group, 200 mg/kg of vitamin E was administered to the positive control group. In the low-dose SD group and the high-dose SD group, 1.23 g/kg and 2.47 g/kg of SD were administered, respectively. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory protein levels were evaluated using western blot analysis. Skin tissue was analyzed by H&E, Masson's trichrome staining method. Results Oral administration of the SD significantly reduced the visible skin damage and decreased the reactive oxygen species and ONOO^- activity of the serum. It significantly increased heme oxygenase-1, superoxide dismutase, catalase, GPx-1/2, Nrf2 and Keap-1 which are antioxidant-related factors in skin tissue and reduced NF-κB p65, inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 which are inflammation-related factors. Also, SD significantly decreased NOX2, p22^phox and p47^phox and increased α-smooth muscle actin and COL1A1 protein expression in fibroblasts involved in connective tissue repair. According to histological examination, the thickened epithelial layer was thinned and collagen fibers were increased to accelerate wound healing. Conclusions It is suggested that Samul-tang-ga-dansam has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and promotes wound tissue repair.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.29-35
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• 2007

Trace mineral studies involving metal ion chelators have been conducted in investigating the response of gene and protein expressions of certain cell lines but a few had really focused on how these metal ion chelators could affect the availability of important trace minerals such as Zn, Mn, Fe and Cu. The aim of the present study was to investigate the availability of Zn for the treatment of MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells and the availability of some trace minerals in the cell culture media components after using chelexing resin in the FBS and the addition of N,N,N',N'-tetrakis-(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine (TPEN, membrane-permeable chelator) and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA, membrane-impermeable chelator) in the treatment medium. Components for the preparation of cell culture medium and Zn-treated medium have been tested for Zn, Mn, Fe and Cu contents by atomic absorption spectrophotometer or inductively coupled plasma spectrophotometer. Also, the expression of bone-related genes (ALP, Runx2, PTH-R, ProCOL I, OPN and OC) was measured on the cellular Zn depletion such as chelexing or TPEN treatment. Results have shown that using the chelexing resin in FBS would significantly decrease the available Zn (p<0.05) $(39.4{\pm}1.5{\mu}M\;vs\;0.61{\pm}10.15{\mu}M)$ and Mn (p<0.05) $(0.74{\pm}0.01{\mu}M\;vs\;0.12{\pm}0.04{\mu}M)$. However, levels of Fe and Cu in FBS were not changed by chelexing FBS. The use of TPEN and DTPA as Zn-chelators did not show significant difference on the final concentration of Zn in the treatment medium (0, 3, 6, 9, $12{\mu}M$) except for in the addition of higher $15{\mu}M\;ZnCl_2$ which showed a significant increase of Zn level in DTPA-chelated treatment medium. Results have shown that both chelators gave the same pattern for the expression of the five bone-related genes between Zn and Zn+, and TPEN-treated experiments, compared to chelex-treated experiment, showed lower bone-related gene expression, which may imply that TPEN would be a stronger chelator than chelex resin. This study showed that TPEN would be a stronger chelator compared to DTPA or chelex resin and TPEN and chelex resin exerted cellular zinc depletion to be enough for cell study for Zn depletion.

• Magazine of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.119-126
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• 1992

AC] 318-H9 Recommended that when the specified compressive strength of concrete in a column is greater than 1. 4 times that specified for a floor system, top surface of the colurrm concrete shall extend 2ftU;OOrrun) into the slab from the face of colUlml to avoid unexpected brittle failure. The purpose of this investigation is to suggest the basic information for the structural safety, The major variables are com preSSlve strength of concrete, shear confinement ratio, and loading types. The test results showed that the load capaCIty of speCImen subjected to monotOI1lC loading had more than that of specimen subjected to one way cyclic loading. The failure modes of specimens under cyclic loading were concentrated at 5-20cm apart region from beam-column joint face and ductility index are increased with increasing of shear confinement ratio. Keywords: ACI 318-89, High and Low Strength Concrete, Beam-Column Joint, Shear Confinement Ratio, Loading Type, Ductility Index, Extension Distance.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.53-61
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• 1999

The present study was designed to investigate the effects of gonadotrophins on in vitro growth and maturation in mouse preantral follicles. Ovaries were removed from 12-day-old ICR mice. Follicles were dissociated enzymetically in Leibovitz L-15 medium containing 1 mg/$m\ell$ collagenase and 0.2 mg/$m\ell$ DNase I. The follicles were cultured on Transwell-COL membrane inserts in six well cluster dishes for 10 days. The culture medium was $\alpha$MEM medium supplemented with 5% fetal bovine serum and FSH or HMG. After 10 days of growth in vitro, follicles were allowed to mature for 18~20 hr in medium supplemented with 1.5 IU/$m\ell$ hCG. The oocytes were then denuded of their cumulus cells and assessed maturation status. Concentrations of oestradiol and progesterone were measured with a radioimmunoassay. Oocyte diameter was determined with an ocular micrometer. The survival and Metaphase II rates of oocytes were significantly higher in FSH treatment groups than in control group (P＜0.001), but there were no differences among the groups of treated FSH concentration. The survival and Metaphase II rates of oocytes in HMG treatment group (60.9 and 40.6%) were higher than in FSH treatment group (76.6 and 48.2%) and control group (49.2 and 7.1%). The survival and Metaphase II rates of oocytes on both FSH and LH treatment groups were no differences among the ratios of FSH and LH. Diameter of oocyte was no differences among the treatment groups, but smaller than compared to in vivo grown oocyte. Through the entire culture period, secretions of oestradiol and progesterone were significantly less in control group than in HMG and FSH treatment groups. These results suggest that gonadotrophins playa key role in in vitro culture of mouse preantral follicles. Especially, addition of FSH and LH should be more effective than FSH alone.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.287-300
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• 2005

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in head and neck show a variability in the response to chemotherapy, even when it present with similar histological tumor type, grade, and clinical stage. The purpose of present study it to identify predictive bio-marker for the sensitivity or resistance to conventional chemotherapeutic agents, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and Cisplatin Oral cancer cell lines were used in present study. MTT assay was performed to evaluate the sensitivity and/or resistance to 5-FU and Cisplatin. And RT-PCR was carried out for evaluation of the mRNA expressions of various genes associated with mutation, inflammation (COX pathway), cell cycle, senescence and extracellular matrix (ECM). The molecules which are correlated with the sensitivity to 5-FU are XPA, XPC, OGG, APEX, COX-2, PPAR, Cyclin E, Cyclin B1, CDC2, hTERT, hTR, TIMP-3, TIMP-4 and HSP47. And the molecules are correlated with the sensitivity to Cisplatin are COX-1, iNOS, eNOS, PCNA, collagen 1 and MMP-9. Taken together, when choosing the appropriate chemotherpeutic agents for patients, considering the molecules which are correlated or reversely correlated is helpful to choose the resonable agents for cancer patients.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.15 no.4 s.71
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• pp.652-656
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• 2005

Tuberculosis is the leading infectious disease in the world. It is urgent to develop new vaccine and treating drugs. Besides vaccines, we want to know the effects of regular swim training on TB infection in the mouse model. This study was designed to examine the effects of regular swim training on lung and spleen TB counts and $INF-\gamma$ activity in the trained mice at different temperature. The trained mice underwent a 10-wk endurance swim training (5 times/wk) in water at $29\~33^{\circ}C$ (WWG) and $21\~23^{\circ}C$(CWG) for 60 min. And they were divided into 3 groups according to the regular swim training (CG; control, WWG; warm water group, and CWG; cold water group). Mice were challenged by aerosol infection with M. tuberculosis H37Rv using an inhalation device (Glas-Col, Terre Haute, Ind.) calibrated to deliver bacteria into lungs. Three weeks after immunization, the mice were challenged. Four weeks after challenge, the mice were sacrificed and the numbers of viable bacteria in lung and spleen were determined by plating serial dilution of whole organ homogenates on nutrient Middlebrook 7H11 agar (Difco, Detroit, MI). Colonies were counted after four weeks incubation at $37^{\circ}C$. All data were expressed as mean, standard deviation by using SPSS package program (win 10.0). The result through the statistical analysis of this data were summarized as follows; In the weight changes, there were significant differences among CG, WWG, and CWG following the swim training at different temperature, and CWG was the lowest. In the change of $INF-\gamma$ following the swim training, there were significant differences (p<.05) among CG, WWG, and CWG after stimulated with media and CFP. In MTB counts, there were significant differences (p<.05) between CG and WWG in the lung. And also there were significant differences (p<.05) among CG, WWG, and CWG. These results suggest that regular swim training suppress Th1 immune response caused by decreased $INF-\gamma$ level in the WWG, Also For the WWG, highly increased level of TB counts appear in the lung and spleen compare to CG.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2002

An International Cooperative Biodiversity Group (ICBG) program based at the University of Illinois at Chicago initiated its activities in 1998, with the following specific objectives: (a) inventory and conservation of of plants of Cuc Phuong National Park in Vietnam and of medicinal plants of Laos; (b) drug discovery (and development) based on plants of Vietnam and Laos; and (c) economic development of communities participating in the ICBG project both in Vietnam and Laos. Member-institutions and an industrial partner of this ICBG are bound by a Memorandum of Agreement that recognizes property and intellectual property rights, prior informed consent for access to genetic resources and to indigenous knowledge, the sharing of benefits that may arise from the drug discovery effort, and the provision of short-term and long-term benefits to host country institutions and communities. The drug discovery effort is targeted to the search for agents for therapies against malaria (antimalarial assay of plant extracts, using Plasmodium falciparum clones), AIDS (anti-HIV-l activity using HOG.R5 reporter cell line (through transactivation of the green fluorescent protein/GFP gene), cancer (screening of plant extracts in 6 human tumor cell lines - KB, Col-2, LU-l, LNCaP, HUVEC, hTert-RPEl), tuberculosis (screening of extracts in the microplate Alamar Blue assay against Mycobacterium tuberculosis $H_{37}Ra\;and\;H_{37}Rv),$ all performed at UIC, and CNS-related diseases (with special focus on Alzheimer's disease, pain and rheumatoid arthritis, and asthma), peformed at Glaxo Smith Kline (UK). Source plants were selected based on two approaches: biodiversity-based (plants of Cuc Phuong National Park) and ethnobotany-based (medicinal plants of Cuc Phuong National Park in Vietnam and medicinal plants of Laos). At mc, as of July, 2001, active leads had been identified in the anti-HIV, anticancer, antimalarial, and anti- TB assay, after the screening of more than 800 extracts. At least 25 biologically active compounds have been isolated, 13 of which are new with anti-HIV activity, and 3 also new with antimalarial activity. At GSK of 21 plant samples with a history of use to treat CNS-related diseases tested to date, a number showed activity against one or more of the CNS assay targets used, but no new compounds have been isolated. The results of the drug discovery effort to date indicate that tropical plant diversity of Vietnam and Laos unquestionably harbors biologically active chemical entities, which, through further research, may eventually yield candidates for drug development. Although the substantial monetary benefit of the drug discovery process (royalties) is a long way off, the UIC ICBG program provides direct and real-term benefits to host country institutions and communities.