• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.77-87
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• 2006

Objectives : We studied Effect of Platycodon grandiflorum on Lung carcinoma Methods : By using cDNA microarray technique, we analyzed the effects of AEPG(aqueous extract of Platycodon grandiflorum) on the gene expression profile. Results : Out of 384 genes screened associated with growth inhibition of carcinoma cell, 9 genes were founded to be affected in their expression levels by more than 1.2-fold after treatment with AEPG. And 67 genes were changed the expression level 0.5 times more than that of reference RNA after treatment of AEPG. Conclusions: These findings suggest that P. grandiflorum has strong potential for development as an agent for prevention and treatment against human lung cancer.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.903-912
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• 2012

In Erhualian and Yorkshire reciprocal cross $F_1$ pig populations, we examined the mRNA expression characteristic of liver-derived IGF-1, IGF-1R, IGF-2, IGF-2R and IGFBP-3 during the embryonic and postnatal developmental periods (E50, E70, E90, D1, D20, D70, D120 and D180). Our results demonstrated that the IGF-system genes mRNA levels exhibited an ontogenetic expression pattern, which was potentially associated with the porcine embryonic development, postnatal growth, organogenesis and even the initiation and acceleration of puberty. The expression pattern of IGF-system genes showed variation in the reciprocal cross ($F_1$ YE and EY pigs). This study also involved the expression features of imprinted genes IGF-2 and IGF-2R. The parent-of-origin effect of imprinted genes was reflected by their differential expression between the reciprocal crosses populations. The correlation analysis also indicated that the regulatory network and mechanisms involved in the IGF system were a complex issue that needs to be more fully explored. A better understanding of IGF system components and their interactive mechanisms will enable researchers to gain insights not only into animal organogenesis but also into somatic growth development and even reproduction.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.175-183
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• 2005

The two major isoflavones in soy, genistein and daidzein, are well known to prevent hormone-dependent cancers by their anti estrogenic activity. The exact molecular mechanisms for the protective action are, however, not provided yet. It has been reported that genistein and daidzein have a potential anticancer activity through their antiproliferative effect in many hormone-dependent cancer cell lines. Transforming growth $factor-\beta1(TGF-\beta1)$ has also been found to have cell growth inhibitory effect, especially in mammary epithelial cells. This knowledge led to a hypothetical mechanism that the soy isoflavones-induced growth inhibitory effect can be derived from the regulation of $TGF-\beta1$ and $TGF-\beta$ receptors. In order to test this hypothesis, the effects of the soy isoflavones at various concentrations and periods on the expression of $TGF-\beta1$and $TGF-\beta$ receptors were investigated by using Northern blot analysis in human breast carcinoma epithelial cell lines, an estrogen receptor positive cell line (MCF-7) and an estrogen receptor negative cell line (MDA-MB-231). As a result, only genistein has shown a profound dose-dependent effect on $TGF-\beta1$ expression in the $ER^+$ cell line within the range of doses tested, and the expression levels are correspondent to their inhibitory activities of cell growth. Moreover, daidzein showed down-regulated $TGF-\beta1$ expression at a low dose, the cell growth proliferation was promoted at the same condition. Therefore, antiproliferative activity of the soy isoflavones can be mediated by $TGF-\beta1$ expression, and the effects are mainly, if not all, occurred by ER dependent pathway. The expression of $TGF-\beta$ receptors was induced at a lower dose than the one for $TGF-{\beta}1$ induction regardless of the presence of ER, and the expression patterns are similar to those of the cell growth inhibition. These results indicated that the regulation of $TGF-\beta$ receptor expression as well, prior to $TGF-\beta1$ expression, may be involved in the antiproliferative activity of soy isoflavones. Little or no expression of $TGF-\beta$ receptors was found in the MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, suggesting refractory properties of the cells to growth inhibitory effect of the $TGF-\beta$. The soy isoflavones can seemingly restore the sensitivity of growth inhibitory responses to $TGF-\beta1$ by re-inducing $TGF-\beta$ receptors expression. In conclusions, our findings presented in this study show that the antitumorigenic activity of the soy isoflavones could be mediated by not only $TGF-\beta1$induction but $TGF-\beta$ receptor restoration. Thus, soy isoflavones could be good model molecules to develop new nonsteroidal antiestrogenic chemopreventive agents, associated with, regulation of $TGF-\beta$ and its receptors.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.10-16
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• 2001

Purpose: The p53 protein is a tumor supressor gene, and its mutation is associated with biologic aggressiveness. CD44v6, one of the CD44 family, is a cell surface glycoprotein that plays a role in cancer invasion and metastasis. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is another recently identified growth factor with significant angiogenic properties. The purpose of this study was to investigate p53, CD44v6, and VEGF expressions to determine whether degree of expression was related to pathological parameters such as Lauren's classification, depth of invasion, and lymph node metastasis. Materials and Methods: Immunohistochemical stains of p53, CD44v6, and VEGF in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections of 125 gastric adenocarcinomas were done. Results: The overall expression rates of p53, CD44v6, and VEGF were $54.4\%$ (68/125), $36.8\%$ (46/125), and $48.0\%$ (60/125), respectively. The p53, not CD44v6 and VEGF was higher in intestinal-type gastric carcinomas by Lauren's classification. The expressions of p53, CD44v6, and VEGF were statistically correlated with depth of tumor invasion. The expression of CD44v6 was higher in the lymph node metastatic group than in the negative group. The p53 expression was significantly associated with VEGF expression. Conclusions: These data suggest that the expressions of p53, CD44v6, and VEGF are biologically related to malignancy. The p53 and CD44v6 expressions are independent; however, p53 gene mutation is one of the contributing factors to VEGF expression in gastric adenocarcinoma.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.184-189
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• 2004

Background: Hu syndrome, a neurological disorder, is characterized by the remote effect of small cell lung cancer on the neural degeneration. The suspicious effectors for this disease are anti-Hu autoantibodies or Hu-related CD8+ T lymphocytes. Interestingly, the same effectors have been suggested to act against tumor growth and this phenomenon may represent natural tumor immunity. For these diagnostic and therapeutic reasons, the demand for antibodies against Hu protein is rapidly growing. Methods: Polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies were generated using recombinant HuR protein. Western blot analyses were performed to check the specificity of generated antibodies using various recombinant proteins and cell lysates. Extracellular stimuli for HuR expression had been searched and HuR-associated proteins were isolated from polysome lysates and then separated in a 2-dimensional gel. Results: Polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies against HuR protein were generated and these antibodies showed HuR specificity. Antibodies were also useful to detect and immunoprecipitate endogenous HuR protein in Jurkat and BJAB. This report also revealed that TNF-${\alpha}$ treatment in BJAB up-regulated HuR expression. Lastly, protein profile in HuR-associated mRNAprotein complexes was mapped by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Conclusion: This study reported that new antibodies against HuR protein were successfully generated. Currently, project to develop a diagnostic kit is in process. Also, this report showed that TNF-${\alpha}$ up-regulated HuR expression in BJAB and protein profile associated with HuR protein was mapped.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.205-221
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• 2004

Periodontal ligament(PDL) cells have been known as playing an important roles in periodontal regeneration and gingival fibroblasts are also important to periodontal regeneration by forming connective tissue attachment. There were rare studies about the gene expression patterns of PDL cells and gingival fibroblasts, therefore in this study, we tried cDNA microarray-based gene expression monitoring to explain the functional differences of PDL cells and gingival fibroblasts in vivo and to confirm the characteristics of PDL cells. Total RNA were extracted from PDL cells and gingival fibroblasts of same person and same passages, and mRNA were isolated from the total RNA using Oligotex mRNA midi kit(Qiagen) and then fluorescent cDNA probe were prepared. And microarray hybridization were performed. The gene expression patterns of PDL cells and gingival fibroblasts were quite different. About 400 genes were expressed more highly in the PDL cells than gingival fibroblasts and about 300 genes were more highly expressed in the gingival fibroblasts than PDL cells. Compared growth factor- and growth factor receptor-related gene expression patterns of PDL cells with gingival fibroblasts, IGF-2, IGF-2 associated protein, nerve growth factor, placental bone morphogenic protein, neuron-specific growth- associated protein, FGF receptor, EGF receptor-related gene and PDGF receptor were more highly expressed in the PDL cells than gingival fibroblasts. The results of collagen gene expression patterns showed that collagen type I, type III, type VI and type VII were more highly expressed in the PDL cells than gingival fibroblasts, and in the gingival fibroblasts collagen type V, XII were more highly expressed than PDL cells. The results of osteoblast-related gene expression patterns showed that osteoblast specific cysteine-rich protein were more highly expressed in the PDL cells than gingival fibroblasts. The results of cytoskeletal proteins gene expression patterns showed that a-smooth muscle actin, actin binding protein, smooth muscle myosin heavy chain homolog and myosin light chain were more highly expressed in the PDL cells than gingival fibrobalsts, and ${\beta}-actin$, actin-capping protein(${\beta}$ subunit), actin- related protein Arp3(ARP) and myosin class I(myh-1c) were more highly expressed in the gingival fibroblasts than PDL cells. Osteoprotegerin/osteoclastogenesis inhibitory factor(OPG/OCIF) was more highly expressed in the PDL cells than gingival fibroblasts. According to the results of this study, PDL cells and gingival fibroblasts were quite different gene expression patterns though they are the fibroblast which have similar shape. Therefore PDL cells & gingival fibroblasts are heterogeneous populations which represent distinct characteristics. If more studies about genes that were differently expressed in each PDL cells & gingival fibroblasts would be performed in the future, it would be expected that the characteristics of PDL cells would be more clear.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.128-134
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• 2004

Background and Objectives: Angiogenesis is the process of new blood vessel development from preexisting vessel. Angiogenenesis has been considered to be essential for the growth and expansion of a solid tumor. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), known as one of the most important vascular permeability factors, induces proliferation of endothelial cells, stiumulates angiogenesis, and increases vascular permeability. Several recents reports have documented that VEGF overexpression is associated with poor clinical outcomes in many maligmancies. The aims of this study were to determine whether microvessel density and VEGF expression are related to clinicopathologic factors such as age, sex, tumor size, tumor stage, and prognostic factors and to evaluate the relationship between VEGF expression and angiogenesis in benign and malignant thyroid tumors. Materials and Methods: The subjects were 65 patients (27 with papillary carcinoma, 27 with adenomatous hyperplasia, 11 with follicular adenoma) who underwent thyroidectomy from 1995 to 2001. Imuunohistochemistry was used to detect VEGF expression and microvessel density (MVD) in paraffin-embedded thryoid tumor specimens. Results: The intensity of the VEGF expression did not show stastically difference between benign and malignant thyroid tumors. There was no apparent correlation between VEGF expression and age, tumor size, T stage or scores of the AGES, AMES and MACIS systems. The neo-microvessel density was higher in the maligant tumor than the benign tumors. Also, higher neo-microvessel density was associated with metastases of the lymph nodes and scores of the AMES and AGES systems. Conclusion: Our results suggest that neo-microvessel vessel density may be a significant prognostic factor in the thyroid papillary carcinoma. But the VEGF expression does not appear to be an significant independent prognostic factor for thyroid papillary carcinoma.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.643-649
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• 2018

Objective: POU class 1 homeobox 1 (POU1F1) mediates growth hormone expression and activity by altering transcription, eventually resulting in growth rate variations. Therefore, we aimed to identify chicken POU1F1 polymorphisms and evaluate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and growth-related traits, and logistic growth curve parameter traits (${\alpha}$, ${\beta}$, and ${\gamma}$). Methods: Three SNPs (M_1 to M_3) were used to genotype 585 $F_1$ and 88 $F_0$ birds from five Korean native chicken lines using a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Results: Single marker analyses and traits association analyses showed that M_2 was significantly associated with body weight at two weeks, weight gain from hatch to 2 weeks, and weight gain from 16 to 18 weeks (p<0.05). M_3 was significantly associated with weight gain from 14 to 16 weeks and from 16 to 18 weeks, and asymptotic body weight (${\alpha}$) (p<0.05). No traits were associated with M_1. The POU1F1 haplogroups were significantly associated with weight gain from 14 to 16 weeks (p = 0.020). Linkage disequilibrium test and Haploview analysis shown one main haploblock between M_2 and M_3 SNP. Conclusion: Thus, POU1F1 significantly affects the growth of Korean native chickens and their growth curve traits.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.89-97
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• 2011

The Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infection has been strongly associated with pathogenesis of uterine cervix carcinoma. HPV type 16, a causative agent of uterine cervix carcinoma, encodes the E6 and E7 oncogenes, expression of which is pivotal for malignant transformation and maintenance of malignant phenotypes. To develop a gene therapy for HPV-related carcinoma, We investigated the effect of E6 short-interfering RNA (E6 siRNA) on the expression of this oncogene and on the growth of HPV 16-related uterine cervix carcinoma cells. SiHa cells, a uterine cervix carcinoma cell line, which contain a single copy of HPV 16 integrated in the chromosome and express the E6 and E7 oncogenes. Before 24 hr of transfection, cells were seeded and transfected with control plasmid or E6 siRNA-expressing plasmid. The mRNA was analysed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The cell growth rate was investigated by MTT method. The E6 mRNA level in SiHa cells was decreased in HPV 16 E6 siRNA-expression vector transfected cells and a decrease in the growth of these cells was also observed. From these results. it is evident that E6 siRNA played a role in suppression of growth of SiHa cells and has a fair chance as a candidate for gene specific therapy for HPV related uterine cervix carcinoma.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.94-98
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• 1997

Ceramide. a product of sphingomyelin hydrolysis, has been proposed as a lipid second messenger mediating antiproliferative activation. In this study, we examined the role of the cell cycle-related proteins in the ceramide-mediated growth suppression. Treatment of U-937 cells with C$_2$-ceramide(N-acetylsphingosine) resulted in growth suppression in a time- and concentration dependent manner. Ceramide induced concentration dependent dephosphorylation of retinoblastoma gene product (Rb). Rb remains hypophosphorylated in synchronized cells even after serum stimulation in the presence of ceramide. Ceramide decreased the expression of cyclin D$_1$ and cyclin E levels. These results suggest that antiproliferative effect of ceramide is associated with hypophosphorylation of Rb and decreased expression of cyclin D1 and cyclin E.