• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.899-927
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• 2019

In this paper we establish some results depending on the comparative growth properties of composite entire and meromorphic functions using relative (p, q)-th order and relative (p, q)-th lower order where p, q are any two positive integers and that of a special type of differential polynomial generated by one of the factors.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.521-527
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• 1997

직경 6-7 mm, 길이 20-25 mm인 루비 단결정을 자체 제작한 FZHY1을 이용하여 xenon-arc type floating zone법으로 성장시켰다. 결정성장을 위한 하소 및 소결조건에 대해 조사했으며, 성장시에 성장속도와 회전속도 및 냉각속도를 제어 함으로써 최적 성장조건을 확립하였다. 측정한 투과율 데이터에서 $Cr^{3+}$의 available energy를 계산하였고, Laue 사진으로부터 결정의 성장방향이 [1010]방향임을 확인하였다. 성장된 결정의 wafer의 굴절율은 1.714, ${\Delta} n \le 0.003 으로써 광학적으로 균일하였다. 이 결정들은 693 nm의 파장과 중간상태의 에너지준위를 갖는 레이저 재료로 사용될 수 있었다.

• 충청수학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.429-460
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• 2018

Let us consider that ${\mathbb{K}}$ be a complete ultrametric algebraically closed field and ${\mathcal{A}}({\mathbb{K}})$ be the ${\mathbb{K}}-algebra$ of entire functions on ${\mathbb{K}}$. In this paper we introduce the notions of (p, q)-th relative order and (p, q)-th relative type of p adic entire functions where p and q are any two positive integers and then study some growth properties of composite p adic entire functions in the light of their (p, q)-th relative order and (p, q)-th relative type. After that we show that (p, q) th relative order and (p, q)-th relative type are remain unchanged for derivatives under some certain conditions.

• BMB Reports
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• 제41권7호
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• pp.542-547
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• 2008

D-type cyclins control the onset of cell division and the response to extracellular signals during the G1 phase. In this study, we transformed a D-type cyclin gene, Nicta;CycD3;4, from Nicotiana tabacum using an Agrobacterium-mediated method. A predicted 1.1 kb cyclin gene was present in all of the transgenic plants, but not in wild-type. Northern analyses showed that the expression level of the Nicta;CycD3;4 gene in all of the transgenic plants was strong when compared to the wild-type plants, suggesting that Nicta;CycD3;4 gene driven by the CaMV 35S promoter was being overexpressed. Our results revealed that transgenic plants overexpressing Nicta;CycD3;4 had an accelerated growth rate when compared to wild-type plants, and that the transgenic plants exhibited a smaller cell size and a decreased cell population in young leaves when compared to wild-type plants.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2012년도 제43회 하계 정기 학술대회 초록집
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• pp.308-309
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• 2012

One of the critical issues in the growth of multijunction solar cell is the formation of a highly doped Esaki interband tunnel diode which interconnects unit cells of different energy band gap. Small electrical and optical losses are the requirements of such tunnel diodes [1]. To satisfy these requirements, tens of nanometer thick gallium arsenide (GaAs) can be a proper candidate due to its high carrier concentration in low energy band gap. To obtain highly doped GaAs in molecular beam epitaxy, the temperatures of Si Knudsen cell (K-cell) for n-type GaAs and Be K-cell for p-type GaAs were controlled during GaAs epitaxial growth, and the growth rate is set to 1.75 A/s. As a result, the doping concentration of p-type and n-type GaAs increased up to $4.7{\times}10^{19}cm^{-3}$ and $6.2{\times}10^{18}cm^{-3}$, respectively. However, the obtained n-type doping concentration is not sufficient to form a properly operating tunnel diode which requires a doping concentration close to $1.0{\times}10^{19}cm^{-3}$ [2]. To enhance the n-type doping concentration, n-doped GaAs samples were grown with a lower growth rate ranging from 0.318 to 1.123 A/s at a Si K-cell temperature of $1,180^{\circ}C$. As shown in Fig. 1, the n-type doping concentration was increased to $7.7{\times}10^{18}cm^{-3}$ when the growth rate was decreased to 0.318 A/s. The p-type doping concentration also increased to $4.1{\times}10^{19}cm^{-3}$ with the decrease of growth rate to 0.318 A/s. Additionally, bulk resistance was also decreased in both the grown samples. However, a transmission line measurement performed on the n-type GaAs sample grown at the rate of 0.318 A/s showed an increased specific contact resistance of $6.62{\times}10^{-4}{\Omega}{\cdot}cm^{-2}$. This high value of contact resistance is not suitable for forming contacts and interfaces. The increased resistance is attributed to the excessively incorporated dopant during low growth rate. Further studies need to be carried out to evaluate the effect of excess dopants on the operation of tunnel diode.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.277-285
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• 2019

아고산 지역에서 지형은 바람과 일사, 토양수분함량 등에 영향을 주며 식물의 생장과 발달에 중요한 영향을 미친다. 아고산 지역에서 바람막이 지형이 가문비나무의 수관 생장에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 서식지를 사면과 미지형에 따라 구분하고, 수고와 수관생장을 조사하였다. 아고산 지역의 가문비 나무는 서식지 내 바람의 영향과 미지형에 따라 수고 생장과 수관 생장이 다르게 나타났다. 바람맞이 사면에서 수고 생장과 수관생장률이 낮았고, 바람맞이 사면의 홀로 돋아져 바람과 같은 외부 환경에 노출된 미지형에서 자라는 나무는 바람의지 사면의 주변식생과 함께 자라는 나무보다 수관 생장이 절반 수준으로 낮았다. 바람의 영향이 강한 곳에서는 바람이 불어오는 방향으로 수관 생장이 억제되어 수관이 깃발형으로 발달하였다. 바람맞이 사면에서도 바람에 노출된 미지형 1 유형은 바람막이 역할을 하는 지피물이 존재하는 미지형 3 유형에 비해 수관의 기형이 심하였다. 본 연구는 바람이 심한 아고산 지역의 지형과 생장의 관계를 분석하여 가문비나무의 분포와 생장에서 바람막이 지형의 역할이 중요함을 보여주었다. 아고산 서식지 관리와 복원을 위해서 바람의 영향을 고려한 사면과 지형별 분포에 대한 분석이 필요하다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권8호
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• pp.1178-1181
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• 2002

Records from a total of 202 crossbred pigs were classified by their ear type and coat color to examine the presence of interrelationships with growth performances. Crossbred pigs were F2 generations of full sib family out of ten Landrace sows bred by 5 Korean domestic boars. Heavily drooped ear type was predominant, 195 out of 202 pigs over the other two types (1 straight and 6 slightly drooped). Coat colors were classified as four categories, all white, all black, dominant white or dominant black. Ratio among coat color categories did not fall within Mendelian principle of independence regarding two loci involved. There was dependency between ear type and coat color. However, due to rarity of ear types other than heavy drooped, dependency comes from distribution of those rare ear types. Three least squares models to test the effect of ear type and coat colors on growth performances were analyzed. First model analyzed effects on birth weight, body weight at 3 and 6 weeks and ADG' before weaning and between 3 and 5 weeks of age. This model included sex in addition to ear type and coat color. Second model analyzed postweaning growth traits (initial weight, final weight and ADG between these periods) upon initiation of performance testing. This model included effects of sex, test group and start age (as a covariate) in addition. Third model was fit for fasted weight before slaughter and included the effects of sex, test group and age at slaughter (as a covariate). The effects of sex and ear type were not significant source of variation for all traits. Test group was a significant source of variation for all the postweaning traits. Effect of coat color was not significant until the initiation of performance testing and became significant then after. Least squares means of dominantly black pigs were significantly lower than the other three coat colored pigs in final weight around 195 days of age and in ADG from the start of performance test and final weight measure.

• International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.76-81
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• 2002

In order to study the fatigue crack and retardation mechanism in variable loading, the effects of crack tip branching in crack growth retardation were examined. The characteristics of crack tip branching behavior were considered with respect to microstructure and crack tip branching angle was examined. Crack tip branching was observed along the grain boundary of finite and pearlite structure. It was found that the branching angle ranges from 25 to 53 degrees. Using the finite element method, the variable of crack driving farce to branching angle was examined. The effective crack driving farce (K$\_$eff/) decreased as the branching angle increased. The rate of decrease was 33% for kinked type and 29% for forked one. It was confirmed that the effect of crack tip branching is a very important factor in crack growth retardation. Therefore, crack branching effect should be considered in building the hypothetical model to predict crack growth retardation.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.61-65
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• 2012

In this study, for use of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as a cold cathode of x-ray tubes, we examine the effects of selective growth of CNTs on their field emission properties and long-term stability. The selective growth of CNTs was performed by selectively etching the catalyst layer which was used for CNTs' nucleation. CNTs were grown on conical-type tungsten substrates using an inductively-coupled plasma chemical vapor deposition system. For all the grown CNTs, their morphologies and microstructures were analyzed by field-emission scanning electron microscope and Raman spectroscopy. The electron-emission properties of CNTs and the long-term stability of emission currents were measured and characterized according to the CNTs' growth position on the substrate.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2017

Purpose - Retail companies are turning from one type of retailer to multiple business categories through various reasons, such as taking advantage of existed types of retailers' channel distribution, information and know-how, and entering into new types of retailers. However, there is few research conducted about multiple type of retailers. Research design, data, and methodology - In this research, the references, data and new stores on E-mart will be collected. The dissertation, annual report, statistical data, land-book of E-mart will be also collected to confirm whether E-mart has made any acquisition towards another company. Results - There is a tendency to new stores expansion, store enlargement and prolonging the opening preparation of new stores, based on the core of new stores expansion of E-mart as a general supermarket type of retailers. Based on general supermarket type of retailers, E-mart begins to diversify its retail company's type of retailers. Conclusions - As a general supermarket which is the most important type of retailers, E-mart is expanding into SSM type of retailers to seek new power of growth while slowdown growth is shown in general supermarket type of retailers. The expansion into SSM type of retailers would be a wise option as a retail company, E-mart is able to keep growing in the future.