• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.555-565
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• 2004

The objective of this study was conducted to investigate growth and development status of infants fed soy-based formulas over 3 months. The height and weight were measured and Z-scores were calculated by using standard of the same age groups. Their mothers were interviewed using questionnaires including general and environmental characteristics, total food intakes, soy based formula intakes and Ewha infant development screening test. Main results were as follows: 1) Nutrient intake levels of subjects were similar to or more than the level of Korean Recommended Dietary Allowances except for intakes of vitamin E (79.89% RDA), and the average status of nutrient intakes of infants were fairly good. 2) Z-scores of height for age (HAZ) and Z-scores of weight for age (WAZ), Kaup index, WLI and Ewha Infant Developmental Screening Test score of subjects were in the normal growth range. 3) There were no significant differences among soy based formula intake percentile groups in HAZ, WAZ, Kaup index, WLI and Ewha Infant Developmental Screening Test score. 4) Total energy intake was positively correlated with HAZ (p < 0.00, WAZ (p <0.00, and WLI (p < 0.05) in infants less than 12 month. Also, soy based formula energy intake was positively correlated with HAZ (p < 0.05) in infants less than 12 month. However, energy and soy based formula intake levels of infants over 12 month were not significant among variables. Considering results of this study, infants fed soy-based formulas over 3 months showed normal growth and development status. Further studies are needed to evaluate longterm growth and development in infants fed soy based formulas.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.281-289
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• 2019

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C and its receptor, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-3, are responsible for lymphangiogenesis in both embryos and adults. In epilepsy, the expression of VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 was significantly upregulated in the human brains affected with temporal lobe epilepsy. Moreover, pharmacologic inhibition of VEGF receptors after acute seizures could suppress the generation of spontaneous recurrent seizures, suggesting a critical role of VEGF-related signaling in epilepsy. Therefore, in the present study, the spatiotemporal expression of VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 against pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (SE) was investigated in C57BL/6N mice using immunohistochemistry. At 1 day after SE, hippocampal astrocytes and microglia were activated. Pyramidal neuronal death was observed at 4 days after SE. In the subpyramidal zone, VEGF-C expression gradually increased and peaked at 7 days after SE, while VEGFR-3 was significantly upregulated at 4 days after SE and began to decrease at 7 days after SE. Most VEGF-C/VEGFR-3-expressing cells were pyramidal neurons, but VEGF-C was also observed in some astrocytes in sham-manipulated animals. However, at 4 days and 7 days after SE, both VEGFR-3 and VEGF-C immunoreactivities were observed mainly in astrocytes and in some microglia of the stratum radiatum and lacunosum-moleculare of the hippocampus, respectively. These data indicate that VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 can be upregulated in hippocampal astrocytes and microglia after pilocarpine-induced SE, providing basic information about VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 expression patterns following acute seizures.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.49-57
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• 2019

The street trees increase the liveability of cities by reducing stormwater runoff, improving air quality, storing carbon, providing shade, and ameliorating the urban heat-island effect. In this study, the health status of street trees in Suwon was evaluated, and the factors affecting the growth of the trees were also derived. In order to evaluate the growth and health of street trees, field survey was carried out on a total of 125 trees in 25 sections of the Deogyeong-daero where is through the city. During the field survey, the following items were examined: Street trees health status (i.e. species, height, DBH (diameter at breast height), planting types, vigor, etc.), soil factors (i.e. soil temperature, humidity, pH, hardness, etc.), and environmental factors (i.e. landuse, road width, etc.). As the results of field survey, the main species of the street trees was Zelkova serrata, which was healthy in most of the sections. The factors such as planting types, soil temperatures, tree root cover, road extension, distance from the road were derived to affect the growth and health of street trees, and the differences were significant. The results of this study were derived the following conclusions for vigorous street trees: First, it is important to install and maintain the protection facilities like tree root cover for the growth of trees. Second, it is necessary to discuss how to plant multiple trees in narrow spaces like a street green space. Third, it is important to provide appropriate soil conditions continuously for growth of threes. Finally, it should be utilized as a mitigation measure of urban heat island effects.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.123-133
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• 2022

Purpose: This study investigated the trajectory of subjective health status in married postmenopausal women and aimed to identify predictive factors affecting subjective health status. Methods: Data were obtained from women who participated in wave 4 (2012) of the Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women & Families Longitudinal Study and continued to the latest phase (wave 7, 2018). A latent growth model (LGM) was used to analyze data from 1,719 married postmenopausal women in the framework of the ecological system theory. Results: The mean age of the participants at wave 4 was 56.39±4.71 years, and the average subjective health status was around the midpoint (3.19±0.84). LGM analysis confirmed that subjective health status decreased over time (initial B=3.21, slope B=-0.03). The factors affecting initial subjective health were age, body mass index, frequency of vigorous physical activity (microsystem level), marital satisfaction (mesosystem level), and medical service utilization (macrosystem level). Medical service utilization and the frequency of vigorous physical activity were identified as predictive factors affecting the slope in subjective health status. The model fit was satisfactory (TLI=.92, CFI=.95, and RMSEA=.04). Conclusion: This analysis of the trajectory of subjective health status of married postmenopausal women over time confirmed that subjective health is influenced by overall ecological system factors, including the microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem, and chronosystem. Therefore, it is necessary to assess physical activity and support policies promoting access to medical services in order to improve the subjective health status of married postmenopausal women.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.51-60
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• 1983

Currently changing trends of child health care is demand total health assessment of child including growth and development. This study concentrates on the growth & developmental status of low birth weight infant for help their growth & development. Thus it can be provide a direction for scientific health education and counseling materials by investigating factor of growth & development. The subjects for this study were made up of 40 low birth weight infant who attended the well baby clinic of E university Hospital. The study method used was a questionnaire ＆ anthropometric assessment and DDST for normative data of development. The period for data collection was from July 1st to August 31th, 1982. Analysis of the data was done using percentages, $\chi$$^2$-test Stepwise Multiple Regression. The results of study were as follows. 1. The mean weight of birth was 2,068gm and mean of gestational period was 35.65 weeks. 2. The age at which weight ; 32.5%, head circumference : 67,5% chest circumference : 55.0%, height : 50. 0％ was normal range of physical growth. 3. The reverse age at which social development ; 87.5%, fine motor & adaptive development ; 70.0%, gross motor development ; 72.5% of children Passed by DDST to determine of normal range of development. 4. In the among variables, it was found that the infant who were the higher emotional & verbal response of mother and stimulus environment was the more normal range of weight & development than who was not. 5. The stepwise Multiple Regression between developmental status and predictors-birth order, weight at birth, sex, antenatal care, gestational period-are accounts for 34.1%.

• Journal of Information Technology and Architecture
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.465-476
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• 2012

These days, the importance of network structuring of partnered growth with 2nd and 3rd vendor is increasing among the issues of partnered growth. I show the status of 2nd and 3rd vendor based on the survey of 2nd and 3rd vendor and the policy review related with partnered growth of big companies and reviews the best practices and policies of network structuring of partnered growth such as USA, German, and so on. In this paper, I suggest the roles of government and parent company including big company based on the status of 2nd and 3rd vendor and the review of the best practices and policies of advanced foreign countries.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.104-108
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• 2023

This paper deals with research on innovative systems using Python-based artificial intelligence technology in the field of plant growth monitoring. The importance of monitoring and analyzing the health status and growth environment of plants in real time contributes to improving the efficiency and quality of crop production. This paper proposes a method of processing and analyzing plant image data using computer vision and deep learning technologies. The system was implemented using Python language and the main deep learning framework, TensorFlow, PyTorch. A camera system that monitors plants in real time acquires image data and provides it as input to a deep neural network model. This model was used to determine the growth state of plants, the presence of pests, and nutritional status. The proposed system provides users with information on plant state changes in real time by providing monitoring results in the form of visual or notification. In addition, it is also used to predict future growth conditions or anomalies by building data analysis and prediction models based on the collected data. This paper is about the design and implementation of Python-based plant growth monitoring systems, data processing and analysis methods, and is expected to contribute to important research areas for improving plant production efficiency and reducing resource consumption.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.29-46
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• 1970

Measurement and analysis of the physical status (height, body weight, breast girth, sitting height. length of leg, length of thigh, thigh girth, crural length, length of arm, brachial length, antebrachial girth and skinfold thickness), physical types and the growth were made to the 360 Korean middle and high school boys aged between 12 and 17 years in Taegu City. The physical status was evaluated and expressed as dispersion and the Physical type as percentage of each status to height, and the growth was analysed by the growth formula. The results are as follows; 1) The increase of the volumes of Physical status was slowest between 12 and 13 years and fastest between 13 and 14 years in general. 2) The increase of the volumes of thigh girth and antebrachial girth showed a linear pattern until 16 years. 3) The coefficient of variation was largest in skinfold thickness $(16.3{\sim}28.4%)$ followed by body weight $(10.0{\sim}14.3%)$, antebrachial girth $(4.8{\sim}19.60%)$ and length of thigh$(6.3{\sim}13.6%)$. The coefficients of variation in all the other status were similar $(4{\sim}7%)$. 4)The physical indices of body weight, breast girth, sitting height, length of thigh, thigh girth, antebrachial girth and skinfold thickness increased as age increased while the others decreased except the brachial length, which showed no significant change. 5) Ratio of growth quantity was largest in body weight followed by skinfold thickness, and the others were all similar. 6) Growth rate and specific growth rate decreased in the all the status analysed as age increased except in the skinfold thickness in which an increase was noted. 7) Growth gradient was increased along the increase of age in breast girth, sitting height, crural length, brachial length and in skinfold thickness. However a decrease was observed in the other status except in the body weight which was decreased until 15 years of age and increased thereafter.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.213-223
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• 2023

Purpose: Pediatric patients in low-income countries are at a high risk of malnutrition. Numerous screening tools have been developed to detect the risk of malnutrition, including the Subjective Global Nutritional Assessment (SGNA), Pediatric Yorkhill Malnutrition Score (PYMS), Screening Tool for the Assessment of Malnutrition in Pediatrics (STAMP), and Screening Tool for Risk of Nutritional Status and Growth (STRONGkids). However, anthropometry remains the main tool for assessing malnutrition. We aimed to identify the value of four nutritional screening tools versus anthropometry for evaluating the nutritional status of children. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 1,000 children aged 1-12 years who visited the outpatient clinic of Cairo University Pediatric Hospital. Each participant was evaluated using anthropometric measurements (weight, length/height, and weight for length/height) as well as the PYMS, STAMP, STRONGkids, and SGNA screening tools. The sensitivities and specificities of these four tools were assessed using anthropometry as the gold standard. Results: Of the patients, 1.7% were underweight, 10.2% were wasted, and 35% were stunted. STRONGkids demonstrated the highest sensitivity (79.4%) and a high specificity (80.2%) for detecting malnutrition compared with weight for height, followed by STAMP, which demonstrated lower sensitivity (73.5%) but higher specificity (81.4%). PYMS demonstrated the lowest sensitivity (66.7%) and the highest specificity (93.5%), whereas SAGA demonstrated higher sensitivity (77.5%) and lower specificity (85.4%) than PYMS. Conclusion: The use of nutritional screening tools to evaluate the nutritional status of children is valuable and recommended as a simple and rapid method for identifying the risk of malnutrition in pediatric patients.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.231-238
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• 2015

Objectives: The present study aimed to analyze the factors that could affect the health-promoting behaviors of North Korean adolescent refugees residing in South Korea. Methods: Questions about their sociodemographic variables, subjective health status, healthy living habits, and health-promoting behaviors were asked. Results: Statistically significant differences were found in religion (t=2.30, p<0.05), having family members in South Korea (t=2.02, p<0.05), and subjective health status (t=4.96, p<0.01). Scores on health-responsible behaviors were higher with higher age (t=2.90, p<0.01) and for subjects without family or friends (t=2.43, p<0.05). Higher physical-activity behaviors were observed in males (t=3.32, p<0.01), in those with better subjective health status (t=3.46, p<0.05) and lower body mas index (t=3.48, p<0.05), and in smokers (t=3.17, p<0.01). Nutritional behaviors were higher in those who followed a religion (t=2.17, p<0.05). Spiritual growth behaviors were higher in those who followed a religion (t=4.21, p<0.001), had no family in South Korea (t=2.04, p<0.05), and had higher subjective health status (t=5.74, p<0.01). Scores on interpersonal relationships and stress-management behaviors were higher for those with higher subjective health status. A multiple regression analysis showed greater effects on health-promoting behaviors when subjective health status was better. Older people and non-smokers exhibited more health-responsible behaviors, while more physical-activity behaviors and spiritual growth activities were observed when subjective health status was better. Interpersonal relationship behaviors had positive effects on those with good subjective heath status and on non-smokers. Conclusions: Based on the results of the current study, an alternative was suggested for promoting health in North Korean adolescent refugees.