• 한국농공학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.69-79
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• 1982

The objective of this study is to contribute to drainage planning in the most realistic and economical way by establishing the relationship between rice yield reduction and overhead flooding by muddy water of each growth stage of paddy, which is the most important factor in determining optimum drainage facilities. This study was based on the data mainly from the experimental reports of the Office of Rural Development of Korea, Reduction Rate Estimation for Summer Crops, published by Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry of Japan and other related research documenta- tion. The results of this study are summarized as follows 1. Damages by overhead flooding are highest in heading stage and have the tendency of decrease in the order of booting stage, panicle formation stage, tillering stage, and stage just after transplanting. Damages by overhead flooding of each growing stage are as follows: a) It is considered that overhead flooding just after transplanting gives a little influence on plant growth and yield because the paddy has sufficient growth period from floo ding to harvest time. b) Jt is analyzed that according to the equation y=11 12x 0.908 which is derived from this study, damages by overhead flooding during tillering stage for 1, 2, 3 successive days are 11.1 %, 20.9%, and 30.2% respectively. c) Damages by overhead flooding after panicle formation stage are very serious because recovering period is very short after damage and ineffective tillering is much. Acc- ording to the equation y=9. 58x+10. Ol derived from this study, damages by overhead flooding fal 1,2,3,5 successive days are 19.6%, 29.2%, 38.8%, 57.9% respectively. d) Booting stage is the very important period in which young panicle has grown up almost completely and the number of glumous flower is fixed since reduction division takes place in the microspore mother cell and enbryo mother cell. According to the equation y=39. 66x 0.558 derived from this study, damages by overhead floodingfor 0.5, 1, 3, 5 successive days are 26.9%, 39.7%, 72. 2% and 97.4%, respectively. Therefore, damages by overhead flooding is very serious during the hooting stage. e) When ear of paddy emerges, flowering begins on that day or the next day; when paddy flowers, fertilization will be completed 2-3 hours after flowering. Therefore overhead flooding during heading stage impedes flowering and increases sterilizing percentage. From this reason damages of heading stage are larger than that of booting stage. According to the equation y-41 94x 0.589 derived from this study, damages by overhead flooding for 0.5, 1, 3, 5, successive days are 27.9%, 63.1 %, 80.1%, and 100% 2. Considering that temperature of booting stage is higher than that of beading stage and plant height of booting stage is ten centimeters shorter than that of heading stage, booting stage should be taken as a critical period for drainage planning because possi- bility of damage occurrence in booting stage is larger than that of heading stage. There-fore, it is considered that booting stage should be taken as critical period of paddy growth for drainage planning. 3. Overhead flooding depth is different depending on the stage of growth. In case, booting stage is adopted as design stage of growth for drainage planning, it is conside red that the allowable flooding depth for new varieties and general varieties are 70cm and 80cm respectively. 4. Reduction Rate Estimation by Wind and Flood for Rice Planting of the present design criteria for drainage planning shows damage by overhead flooding for 1 to 2, 3 to 4, 5 to 7 consecutive days; damages by overhead flooding varies considerably over several hours and experimental condition of soil, variety of paddy, and climate differs with real situation. From these reasons, damage by flooding could not be estimated properly in the past. This study has derived the equation which shows damages by flooding of each growth stage on an hourly basis. Therefore, it has become possible to compute the exact damages in case duration of overhead flooding is known.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.89-94
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• 1997

토양수분 부족이 콩의 생육 및 수양에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 비가림 비닐하우스 안의 베드에서 우리나라 기상여건상 토양수분 부족의 유발가능성이 높은 영양생장기인 신장기에 제 3 복엽기부터 30일간 단수(FNS)와 생육중기인 착협시부터 30일간 단수(BPS), 생육후기 인 입비대시부터 30일간(BSS) 토양수분 부족을 유발시켜 시험을 수행한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 지상부의 건물중은 FNS 단수처리시 감소율이 가장 컸으며, BPS와 BSS 단수처리시는 대조구와 큰 차이가 없었다. 2. 엽록소 함량은 FNS와 BPS 단수처리시 처리종료 직후에는 현저히 감소되었으나, 수확기에는 회복이 되어 대조구와 유사하였다. 3. 한발처리 종료직후의 토양깊이별 뿌리 분포는 단수처리시 대조구에 비해 지표면 가까이에서 분포되 었으며, 뿌리혹 수와 뿌리혹의 건물중은 BPS 단수처리시 감소가 가장 심하였다. 4. 개체당 협수, 개체당 입중 및 수양은 단수처리시 대조구에 비해 현저하게 감소되었으며, BPS 단수처리시 감소율이 가장 심하였다.

• 임산에너지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2000

본 연구는 소나무(Pinus densifora S. et Z.) 유묘의 발아전 단계, 자엽 단게 및 1차엽 발생후 단계 등 각각의 생육단계에서의 UV-B 증가 환경에 노출될 때의 생장반응을 탐구하고자 16주 동안 3수준의 UV-B(ambient UV-BBE, ambient + 3.2, ambient + 5.2 KJm-2s-1) 조사량이 설치된 야외 포장에서 실시되었다. UV-B 조사에 의하여 소나무 유묘의 수고생장, 근원경생장 및 건물생산량은 감쇠되었으며 T/R율은 증가하였다. 유묘에 대한 UV-B 처리시작 단계 차이에 따른 생장차이도 관찰되었는데, ambient +3.2 처리구내에서 보면 발아전 단계부터 UV-B 처리를 받은 유묘의 수고생장 및 근원경생장이 상대적으로 높았다. 주 수준의 UV-B 증가 처리구에서 모두 자엽단계부터 처리를 잗은 유묘의 건물생산량이 각 처리구내에서 가장 낮앗다. 한편 UV-B 증가에 의해 소나무 유묘 침엽의 엽롭소 함량은 감소하였으며 엽록소 a/b율은 증가하였다.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.129-149
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• 1992

In order to verify the acceleration effect of low level laser (LLL) on oral mucosal wound healing process at cell biological level, the author studied growth pattern and ultrastructure in human gingival fibroblasts flashed by GaAlAs LLL-830 nm, 15mW for 10 minutes/flash one to three times at interval of 3-4 days through the evaluation of cell growth rate, protein conent/cell, DNA content/cell and ultrastructural changes for 14 days. The results were as follows : 1. The growth rate in gingival fibloblasts treated by LLL showed 4 orderly stages-decreasing stage after LLL treatment, acute increasing stage 3 days after LLL treatment, restring stage and recovering stage. 2. The effect of multiple flashes on LLL at interval of 3 days more or less was not proportional to times of flash on acceleration of growth in gingival fibroblasts. 3. The total protein content per gingival fibroblast was not significantly changed by LLL treatment in comparison with control group. But some kinds of protein which might be cell growth promoting factors were decreased immediately after LLL treatment, thereafter were acutely increased in cellular protein profile. 4. In ultrastructural changes of gingival fibroblasts treated by LLL, more prominent rough endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondrial hyperplasia/hypertrophy and increased extracellular fibrillar matrix were observed in comparison with control group under same experimental period.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.65-71
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• 2020

Worldwide plant market keeps maintaining steady growth rate and along with this trend, domestic plant market and its contractors also maintain such growing tendency. However, in spite of its external growth, win-win growth of domestic material industry that occupies the biggest share in plant industry cost portion is extremely marginal in reality. Domestic plant material suppliers are required to increase awareness of domestic material brand by securing quality and reliability of international standard through improvement of design quality superior to that of overseas material suppliers. Improvement of design quality of plant material becomes an essential element, not an option, for survival of domestic plant industry and its suppliers. Under this background, in this study, priority and importance by each evaluation index was analyzed by materializing plant design stage through survey of experts and defining evaluation index by each design stage and based on this analysis result, evaluation index of stage-gate based decision-making process that may improve design quality of plant material was suggested. It is considered that by utilizing evaluation index of stage-gate based decision-making process being suggested in this study, effective and efficient decision-making of project decision-makers would be enabled and it would be contributory to improve design quality of plant material.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.78-84
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• 1999

Ultrastructural changes in the cuticle of Paleamon serrifer associated with the intermolt cycle were examined and quantified as changes in the cuticular thickness. The cuticular thickness in each zoea stage increased with time elapsed after molting. The cuticle in the premolt stage was about 1.5 and 3 times thicker than that in the postmolt and intermolt stage, respectively. The cuticle in the premolt stage, including the molting space, was more than 5 times as thick as in the postmolt stage. In addition, newly hatched larvae were individually reared in the laboratory and body length for each specimen was measured frequently until the end of zoea VI. An average increase in body length between one zoea stage and the next is about $10\%$ of the length of the previous stage. Within individual zoea stages, the premolt stage had a body length some 0.3% longer than that of the postmolt stage, indicating a growth rate of about 0.03 mm/d.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.89-94
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• 2003

본 실험은 토마토의 순환식 시스템 양액재배에서 배액의 재순환 시 안정된 pH와 균형적인 양분 공급 방법을 구명하고자 수행되었다. 배액의 pH나 무기성분을 교정하지 않는 구(대조구), EC측정 및 양분 분석 교정구를 처리내용으로 두었다. 초기생육인 초장은 처리간에 차이가 없었으나 생체중 및 건물중은 양분분석구가 대조구에 비해 무거웠다. 후기생육에서는 양분분석구가 대조구에 비해 과중이 무겁고, 착과수가 많아 수량이 증가하였다 배액 EC는 대조구에 비해 EC측정구와 양분분석구가 전반적으로 낮았다. 배액의 pH는 전 생육기간에서 양분 분석구 및 EC측정구는 6.2∼6.5를 유지하였으나 대조구는 지속적으로 높아져 후기에는 7.2정도 되었다. 배액의 무기성분에서 N, P 및 K의 함량은 모든 처리구에서 셍육이 경과함에 따라 적어졌으며, 대조구에 비해 양분분석구가 적었다 Ca 및 Mg의 함량은 모든 처리구에서 생육초기에는 급격히 감소하였으며 생육후기에는 앙분 분석구와 EC측정구는 적은 상태로 유지되었으나 대조구는 급격히 증가하는 경향이었다. 이상의 결과에서 순환식 시스템을 이용한 토마토의 양액재배시 배액의 양분을 분석한 후 교정하는 것이 생육에 효과적이었다.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.422-435
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• 2017

Intermolt periods, growth rates, survival (%) and relative growth of the megalopa larvae of Portunus trituberculatus (Miers, 1876) were studied up to the crab 7th stage for 160 days in the 3 different temperature groups in which each has 60 larvae. The higher the water temperature was the shorter the intermolt period was in each crab stage. In addition, a deviation of intermolt periods was shown as few as the water temperature gets higher. The intermolt period in the 7th crab stage was $29.8{\pm}3.26$ days in the experimental group at the room temperature, $45.2{\pm}3.89$ days at the temperature of $17^{\circ}C$, and $25.6{\pm}2.23$ days at the temperature of $27^{\circ}C$, respectively. The survival (%) of larvae of P. trituberculatus (the crab 7th stage) is the highest in the group at the room temperature: However, they showed 15% at the temperature of $27^{\circ}C$ and 10% at the temperature of $17^{\circ}C$. All the groups were shown the similar relative growth, but significant differences appeared in some comparison. The sizes (mean growth of carapace width) of the crabs in the group at the temperature of $27^{\circ}C$ reached 5.01~25.45 mm length (it is the longest among the groups) from the crab 1th to the crab 7th stage. However, the sizes (mean growth of carapace width) of room temperature were 4.99~22.26 mm and the size of crab in the group at the temperature of $17^{\circ}C$ reached 4.8~17.26 mm, The sizes (mean growth of carapace length) of the crabs in the group at temperature of $27^{\circ}C$ reached 2.88~13.56 mm, However, the size of the crab in the group at the room temperature showed 2.88~12.34 mm, while in the group at temperature of $17^{\circ}C$, their average growth of carapace length were 2.51~8.03 mm. The growth rates of larvae of P. trituberculatus (from the crab 1th to the crab 7th stage) were changed with the increase of the instar stage, however their changes showed irregular.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.67-74
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• 2004

범게, Orithyia sinica 유생을 대상으로 암모니아와 아질산에 대한 생존 및 성장에 관한 실험을 실시하였다. 암모니아 노출 실험구에서 zoea기 유생은 노출 20일후, 대조구가 80%의 생존율을 나타내었지만 10 mg/L 이상의 실험구에서는 37-45%의 생존율을 나타내었고, megalopa기 유생에서도 유사한 경향을 나타내었다. 암모니아가 범게 유생의 성장에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과, zoea기 유생은 20 mg/L 이상의 농도에서 megalopa기 유생은 50 mg/L 이상의 농도에서 유의한 차이를 나타내었다 (P<0.05). 아질산 노출실험에서는 zoea기 유생과 megalopa기 유생에서 농도와 노출기간에 비례하여 생존율이 감소하였으며, 특히 150 mg/L 이상의 아질산 농도에 노출된 zoea기 유생과 megalopa기 유생은 대조구와 비교하여 유의한 성장 지연을 나타내었다.(P<0.05)

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.90-95
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• 2018

본 연구는 실내시설재배에서 천마의 생육단계를 균사활착기, 괴경형성기, 괴경비대기, 휴면기로 구분하고, 최적 온도 및 배양기간을 설정하였으며, 괴경비대기에 변온처리를 하였다. 천마의 균사활착기는 $20^{\circ}C$에서 30일, 괴경형성기는 $25^{\circ}C$에서 120일, 괴경비대기는 $6{\sim}24^{\circ}C$에서 60일, 휴면기는 $5^{\circ}C$에서 30일로 처리하여 총 배양기간은 240일로 설정하였다. 실내시설재배는 노지재배보다 균사활착기는 30일 단축되었고, 괴경형성기는 30일 연장되었으며, 휴면기는 120일 단축됨으로써, 전체 재배기간이 약 120일 단축되었다. 따라서, 본 연구 결과, 밀폐된 실내시설재배에서 온도 조건을 제어하면 천마를 연중생산 할 수 있는 생육모델의 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다.