• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.33 no.9
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• pp.744-747
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• 2000

Pulmonic autograft replacement of the aortic valve(Ross procedure) has been to have potential for growth in children, no complication of antiocagulation, and enhanced durability. Therefore, Ross operation is indicated in the young, in patients with an active life style, and when anticoagulation is contraindicated. However, late autograft valve has occurrd more frequently in patients with significant size discrepancy between the pulmonay valve annulus and the aortic valve annulus. In order to resolve this problem, we performed aortic annuloplasty with Duran ring for more accurate and strong reinforcement. We report a case using the Duran ring as a method of aortic annuloplasty during Ross procedure.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.13-18
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• 2001

The relationship between shell length and ring radius in each ring group was expressed as a regression line. Therefore, there is a correspondence in each ring formation. Based on the monthly variation of the marginal index (Ml') of the shell, it is assumed that the ring of this species was formed once a year during the period of August to October, and the main period of the annual ring formation was August through September. The relationship between shell length (SL) and total weight (TW) was expressed by the equation TW = 2.2476 $\times$ 10$^{-5}$ SL$^{3.536}$ ($r^2$= 0.90). Shell length (SL) and shell height (SH; mm) were highly correlated with the equation SH = 0.7545 SL - 0.0145 ($r^2$= 0.93). The shell length (SL)-shell width (SW) relation was expressed by the equation SW = 0.5336 SL- 2.4253 ($r^2$= 0.87). Growth curves for shell length and total weight fitted to the von Bertalanffy's equation were expressed as follows: SL$_{t}$ =60.02[1 - e$^{-0.6458(t-0.3895)}$ ], Twt = 43.63[1 - e$^{0.6458(t-0.3895)}$ ]$^{3.536}$ .

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.9-20
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• 2000

The purpose of thus paper is to provide the knowledge on preparing for the planting soil and planting method, and maintenance at the reclaimed seaside. Based on the collected data from the field work, the soil environment, the growth of height, inter-node, tree ring and roots of the two species had been analyzed. The determinant of soil factors, affecting the growth of trees, turned out to be six elements such as soil hardness, soil acidity, potassium, calcium, magnesium and total nitrogen. Because the variances of both growth of tree height and tree ring are greater than that of root, the growth characteristics of ground parts of the species by the individual tree species is more dynamical than those of underground parts. From the mean difference test the growth of height, root between Pinus thunbergii and Zelkova serrata, have been turned out to be statistically significant at 5 percent level. Pinus thunbergii is a sapling, so it grows faster than Zelkova serrata while Pinus thunbergii has better roots system than Zelkova serrata. From the correlation analysis, it showed the very strong correlation between tree height growth and potassim, while the lowest correlation coefficient was between soil hardness and potassim as 0.744. From the multiple regression analysis, both soil hardness and magnesium affect to the tree growth, soil hardness and potassium to the tree growth, potassium and calcium to the rot growth, respectively. Using this research results, we can be use the planting plan including revegetation, construction and maintenance of the reclaimed seaside. In the future, the planting method including the ground preparation and tree species selection for the reclaimed seaside should be accompanied in advanced through the soil survey and relevant analysis.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.36-44
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• 2014

We measured radial growth of Cryptomeria japonica and Chamaecyparis obtusa growing in Gangneung, Boseong, Yangsan and Ulleung-do, respectively and analyzed its relationship with temperature and precipitation. We found from the result of tree ring counting that forest stands of Cryptomeria japonica in Gangneung and Boseong was 40 to 50 years old and 50 to 70 years old in Yangsan and Ulleung-do. According to climate change, the mean temperature in Gangneung was found to be $12^{\circ}C$ to $13^{\circ}C$ which was similar to that of Boseong and Yangsan 40 to 50 years ago. While the result of the radial growth measured from Cryptomeria japonica in Gangneung showed a slightly decreasing tendency compared to the other areas, Chamaecyparis obtusa showed an increasing tendency. In the case of Cryptomeria japonica, a strong negative correlation between radial growth and climate related variables including both mean temperature and mean precipitation existed in Ulleung. There was a strong negative correlation between radial growth and mean temperature for Chamaecyparis obtusa in Yangsan, although there was a positive correlation in Gangneung and Yangsan.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.121-127
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• 2013

In this study, growth-line analysis was carried out on the hard clam (Meretrix petechialis) collected from the Neolithic shell middens in Daejuk-ri, Seosan, Korea, to reconstruct palaeoenvironment. Growth increments of 206 specimens of the clam were examined. The ages of the specimens were determined from the rings on the shells. The relationship between shell length and ring radius in each ring group was expressed as a regression line, indicating a correspondence in each ring formation. Growth pattern of the midden specimens was compared to that of modern ones collected from Gimje, Jeonbuk. Growth curves for shell length fitted to the von Berta anffy's growth curve were expressed respectively as follows: $SL_t=102.9025[1-e^{-0.18657(t+1.0906)}]$ in the shell midden specimens, $SL_t=104.2583[1-e^{-0.2277(t+0.7499)}]$ in the modern ones. The relationship between shell length (SL; mm) and shell height (SH; mm) was expressed by the following equations: SH = 0.7791 SL + 3.6636 ($R^2$ = 0.946) in the midden specimens, SH = 0.8103 SL + 0.5145 ($R^2$ = 0.991) in the modern ones. The results of the tests regarding the differences between regression coefficients and elevations of growth curves of these two populations demonstrate that the slopes were not significantly different (p < 0.05), but the elevations were (p > 0.05). However, overall growth curves of the midden and modern populations were not significantly different, indicating that shell growth environments of the two areas are similar. Therefore, it is likely that sea temperature near the midden area could be similar to that of present Gimje area, and thus temperature during the period of the midden formation could be higher than presently known.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.582-589
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• 2011

Bioconversion of timosaponin A-III (TA-III), one of the major steroidal saponins isolated from the rhizomes of Anemarrhenae asphodeloides Bunge (Liliaceae), was investigated in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Five bioconversion products, denoted compounds 2-6, were obtained. Biotransformation metabolite 2 was a stereoisomer of TAIII with a specific isotype F-ring and ${\beta}$-ranged $CH_3$-21, which rarely occurs in nature. The structure of 2 was elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis (H-H COSY, HSQC, HMBC), as well as by high-resolution mass spectral analysis. The growth inhibitory activity of compounds 1-6 was assayed against four human cancer cell lines, HepG2, H-1299, HT-29, and HCT-116. Compounds 1 and 2 obviously inhibited the growth of the four types of cancer cells with $IC_{50}$ values being less than 19${\mu}M$. A structure-activity relationship is discussed, and the spirostane-ring F in compounds 1 and 2 appears to be the critical bioactive moiety for the cell growth inhibitory property.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.203-213
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• 2011

The age and growth of flathead grey mullet, Mugil cephalus, were studied using samples collected from the coastal water of Yeosu from September 2009 to August 2010. Spawning season estimated from the gonadosometic index (GSI) was from November to January. A method for increasing the readability of the otolith was described and criteria for the interpretation of otolith was provided. The annual ring was formed in September once a year. Annual ring in otolith for flathead grey mullet is validated for fish aged 1-8 using the marginal increment analysis. Using the sectioned otolith, between reader precision was 84%. Also, Within-reader agreement for sectioned otolith age readings was higher (reader 1=84%, reader 2=87%). The relationship between fork length and total weight was TW=$0.022FL^{2.818}$. The estimated von Bertalanffy growth parameters for the flathead grey mullet were $L_{\infty}$=67.97cm K=0.164/year and $t_o$=-0.81year.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 2011

Six pine trees (Pinus densiflora S. et Z.) at the Euilimji Lake Park in Jecheon were collected to investigate tree ages, growth decline pattern and the years of death. Tree-ring measurement was carried out using the Lintab with a resolution of 0.01mm. Tree age were 80-176 years. Cross-dating between the tree-ring series of each tree and the local chronology from Worak Mountain resulted that four and two trees died in 1998 and 1999, respectively. Three dead trees had only formed earlywood in the outermost tree ring and the others had incomplete latewood. Therefore, it was proven that the former trees died between spring and early summer, whereas the later ones died during late summer and/or autumn. The simultaneous deaths of trees suggest the insect damage and/or drought may be the crucial reason of the death, but frequent reaction woods, which were formed by leaning stem, and scars formed by physical damage may also contribute to the death.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 2021

In order to understand the age and growth characteristics of Pacific anchovy, Engraulis japonicus, the 506 otoliths of individuals collected in the southern waters of Korea in 2004 were analyzed. Monthly age of anchovies was estimated based on the age determined through the year rings and their collection date. The growth parameters obtained using the monthly folk lengths were a theoretical maximum body length of 132.9 mm, a growth coefficient of 0.1079/month and a theoretical age of 0.0262 month when the fork length is zero. The growth equation of von Bertalanffy presented by the growth parameters was L_t=132.9(1-e^{-0.1079(t-1.0262)}). The estimation of growth parameters based on the monthly age established through year ring and collection date was deemed appropriate for understanding the growth characteristics of anchovies.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics B
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• v.30B no.9
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• pp.18-26
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• 1993

This paper presents a multiplier free technique for the complex DFT by rotations and additions based on the complex approximation of the ring of algebraic integers. Speeding-up the computation time and reducing the dynamic range growth has been achieved by the elimination of multiplication. Moreover the DFT of no twiddle factor quantization errors is possible. Numerical examples are given to prove the algorithm and the applicable size of the DFT is 16 has been concluded.