• 한국작물학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.1-11
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• 1979

질소 및 인산시용이 수도의 지상, 지하부 생육에 미치는 영향을 검토하고 산소전극으로 측정한 근호흡과 지상, 지하부 생육과의 관련성을 알기 위하여 1978년 인공기상실에서 pot 실험을 수행하였으며 얻어진 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 질산시용량 증가에 따라 근호흡 및 지상부중은 증가되나 근중은 감소되었다. 2. 인산의 시용은 인산과 동량의 질소병용하에서만 근호흡을 증가시켰으며 근중 및 지상부중은 인산적량시비시에 증가되었다. 3. 저온하에서는 근호흡에 미치는 인산시비효과가 크지 않았으며 인산만의 단독증비는 근호흡을 크게 감소시켰다. 4. 근호흡은 근중과는 부의 상관을, 그리고 지상부중 및 양분흡수와의 정의 상관을 보였으며 단위면적당호흡 의미가 없고 단위근중당호흡만이 유효하였다. 5. 원연교잡종인 수원 258호는 일본형 품종인 진흥보다 저온에서의 인산반응이 낮은 경향이었다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.69-73
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• 2014

The effects of erlotinib combined with celecoxib in a lung cancer xenograft model were here explored with a focus on possible mechanisms. A xenotransplanted lung cancer model was established in nude mice using the human lung cancer cell A549 cell line and animals demonstrating tumour growth were randomly divided into four groups: control, erlotinib, celecoxib and combined (erotinib and celecoxib). The tumor major axis and short diameter were measured twice a week and after 40 days tissues were collected for immunohistochemical analyses of Bcl-2 and Bax positive cells and Western-blotting analyses for the epidermal growth factor recepto (EGFR), P-EGFR, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Tumor size in the combined group was smaller than in the others (p<0.01) and the percentage of Bcl-2 positive cells was fewer in most cases (p<0.01), while that of Bax positive cells was greater than in the erlotinib and celecoxib groups (P>0.05). Western blotting showed decreased expression of P-EGFR and COX-2 with both erlotinib and celecoxib treatments, but most pronouncedly in the combined group (P<0.05). Simultaneous blockage of the EGFR and COX-2 signal pathways exerted stronger growth effects in our human xenotransplanted lung cancer model than inhibition of either pathway alone. The anti-tumor effects were accompanied by synergetic inhibition of tumor cell apoptosis, activation of p-EGFR and expression of COX-2.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.801-806
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• 2013

Spiny lebbeid shrimp Lebbeus groenlandicus larvae were reared in the laboratory to estimate the energy budget from the zoeal to the post-larval stage. Energy expended by larvae on growth and respiration was determined from values for feeding, growth, molting, and metabolism. We calculated that 16.22 J were used for growth throughout all larval stages. Energy loss during molting was estimated as 1.03 J, and energy used for respiration was estimated as 1.31 J. Energy taken in by feeding was estimated as 77.16 J, while the sum of energies expended in excretion and egestion was 58.61 J. Larvae were estimated to assimilate 24.6% of ingested food as energy and to use ~85% of the assimilated energy for somatic growth. Gross growth efficiency ($K_1$) and net growth efficiency ($K_2$) were shown to be ~22% and 93%, respectively. Maintenance costs of respiration were estimated as ~9.7% of assimilated energy.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.40-49
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• 2001

The present work presents a novel approach for the dynamic quantification of respiration rates on a small scale by using lysine-producing Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 21253. Cells sampeld from batch cultures at different times were incubated ina 12-ml scale bioreactor equipped with a membrane mass spectrometer. Under dynamic conditions, gas exchange across the gas-liquid phase, specific respiration rates, and RQ values were precisely measured. For this purpose, suitable mass balances were formulated. The transport coefficients for $O_2$ and $CO_2$, crucial for calculating the respiration activity, were determined as $k_La_{O2}=9.18h^{-1}$ and $k_La_{CO2}=5.10h^{-1}$ at 400 rpm. The application of the proposed method to batch cultures of C. glutamicum ATCC 21253 revealed the maximum specific respiration rates of $q_{O2}=8.4\;mmol\;g^{-1}h^{-1}\;and\;q_{CO2}=8.7\;mmol\;g^{-1}h^{-1}$ in the middle of the exponential growth phase after 5 h of cultivation. When the cells changed from growth to lysine production due to the depletion of the essential amino acids theonine, methionine, and leucine, $q_{O2}\;and\;q_{CO2}$ decreased significantly and RQ increased. The respiration data exhibited an excellent agreement with previous cultivations of the strain [13]. This confirms the potential of the developed approach to realistically reflect the metabolic activities of cells at their point of sampling. The short-term influence of added threonine, methionine, and leucine was highest during the shift from growth to lysine production, where $q_{O2}\;and\;q_{CO2}$ increased 50% within one minute after the pulse addition of these compounds. Non-growing, yet lysine-producing cells taken from the end of the batch cultivation revealed no metabolic stimulation with the addition of threonine, methionine, and leucine.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.55-62
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• 2019

The respirometric technique has been used to analyze the nitrification process in a sequencing batch reactor(SBR) treating municipal wastewater. Especially the profile of the respiration rate very well expressed the reaction characteristics of nitrification. As the nitrification process required a significant amount of oxygen for nitrogen oxidation, the respiration rate due to nitrification was high. The maximum nitrification respiration rate, which was about $50mg\;O_2/L{\cdot}h$ under the period of sufficient nitrification, was related directly to the nitrification reaction rate and showed the nitrifiers activity. The growth rate of nitrifiers is the most critical parameter in the design of the biological nutrient removal systems. On the basis of nitrification kinetics, the maximum specific growth rate of nitrifiers in the SBR was estimated as $0.91d^{-1}$ at $20^{\circ}C$, and the active biomass of nitrifiers was calculated as 23 mg VSS/L and it was about 2% of total biomass.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.161-167
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• 1998

American ginseng plants (Panax quinquefolium L.) of various ages were harvested every two weeks during each of three growing seasons and dry matter yield of components and root respiration determined. Shoot dry weight was about 0.5 g, 2.5 g and 4 g for 2, 3 and 4-year-old plants, respectively and fruit dry weight was as much as 50% of this in 3- and 4-year-.old plants. Root dry weight decrease by 30~50% as shoots emerged and at the end of the season was about 2 g, 3.5 g and 5 g in 2, 3, 4 and 5-year-old plants, respectively. Shoot and root dry weight were linearly related with an approximate 1:2 ratio. Root respiration rate at 2$0^{\circ}C$ in the dark was about 5 $\mu\textrm{g}$ CO2 g-1 DW(dry weight) min-1 in the early season, then doubled within 50 days as shoots emerged, and thereafter declined over the season to 2~5 $\mu\textrm{g}$ CO2 g-1 DW min-1. The Q10 for dark respiration over the interval from 10 to 2$0^{\circ}C$ was 1.58. Root respiration rate and shoot growth rate was positively linearly related in all ages of plants. Key words: Dry weight, partitioning.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.180-186
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• 1986

Photosynthesis and respiration of leaf and root of field grown Panax ginseng were investigated according to aerial part sensecence. No apparent photosynthesis activity was detected in senescenced leaf(less than 0.7mg total chlorophyll/g FW) and leaf dark respiration was consistent relation with senescence. Leaf respiratory Q$_{10}$ consistently increased with senscence. Root respiration and Q$_{10}$ tended to decrease with aerial part senescence only in the range of optimum temperature of leaf growth. Apparent photosynthesis or respiration of leaf was negatively or positively correlated, respectively with the increase of air temperature. Root respiration with temperature was well accordance with Arrhenius plot which was not consistent with aerial part senescence. Accelerated senescence may be recommendable for better root yield unless any reserve in stem or leaves contributes to root through translocation.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제26권4B호
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• pp.433-437
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• 2006

최근, 활성 슬러지 공법에 대한 수학적 모델링은 폐수처리장의 설계와 운영에 있어서 매우 중요한 인자로 인식되고 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고, BNR 공정에서 미생물의 성장 및 호흡과 관련한 내 외부 기질의 이용 경로에 관한 정보는 여전히 부족한 실정이다. 본 논문에서는 ASM No.3와 비교되는 새로운 개념의 활성슬러지 모델을 제시하고자 한다. 미생물의 단계별 성장이론에 근거한 이 모텔의 구조는 호기성 저장, 내부저장물질(ISCs; Intercellular Storage Compounds)과 외부기질 활용에 따른 미생물의 성장, 내생호흡과 내부저장물질을 이용한 호기성 호흡 등 5 단계로 구성되어 있다. 단계적 성장모델에 기초한 예측결과는 산소이용율(OUR)과 TCOD에 의한 실험결과에 있어 ASM No.3의 결과보다 더욱 일치함을 나타냈다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제83권2호
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• pp.221-228
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• 1994

소나무 유령목(幼齡木)의 생장(生長)에 따른 기관별(器官別) 호흡속도(呼吸速度)를 적외선(赤外線) $CO_2$ 가스 분석기(分析機)로 측정(測定)하여, 이 기초자료(基礎資料)를 Thornley의 생장식(生長式) $$R=(\frac{1-Yg}{Yg})\frac{dW}{dt}+mW$$에 적용(適用), 구성호흡(構成呼吸)에 관계되는 물질전환효율(物質轉換效率)(Yg), 유지호흡계수(維持呼吸係數)(m), 그리고 상대생장속도(相對生長速度)(${\mu}$)를 추정(推定)하였다. 물질전환효율(物質轉換效率) Yg는 0.3637g/g dw/yr, 유지호흡계수(維持呼吸係數) m는 0.094g/g dw/yr, 그리고 상대생장속도(相對生長速度) ${\mu}$는 0.90(2년생(年生))에서 0.33(11년생(年生))까지 연령(年齡) 증가(增加)에 따라 현저히 감소(減少)하는 경향을 보였다. 또, 소나무 유령목(幼齡木)의 총광합성량(總光合成量)(Pg)에 대한 총호흡량(總呼吸量)(R)의 비율(比率)(R/Pg)은 0.6~0.7 이었으며, 년간(年間) Pg의 64%가 새로운 물질(物質)을 구성(構成)하는 구성호흡(構成呼吸)으로 소비(消費)되었고, 체중(體重)(건물중(乾物重))의 3.4%가 유지호흡(維持呼吸)으로 소비(消費)되었다.

• 현장농수산연구지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.157-162
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• 2015

느타리버섯 생육단계별 호흡량을 측정한 결과, 균사배양 초기는 850cc병 16병(1밧트)에서 1분당 호흡량이 184.75ppm이며 1병당 11.55ppm/min.이고 1시간에 692.8ppm/1병이므로 배양실에 2500병이 있다면 173,203ppm/1시간의 이산화탄소가 발생한다. 그러므로 배양초기에 배양 실내 적정 이산화탄소함량인 600±100ppm으로 맞추기 위해서는 신선한 공기가 배양실로 얼마만큼 유입되어야 하는가를 계산식으로 나타낼 수 있다. 균사배양 중기는 850cc병 16병(1밧트)에서 1분당 호흡량이 185.8ppm이며 1병당 11.62ppm/min.으로 배양초기보다 호흡량이 약간 많다가 배양이 진행된에 따라 호흡량이 감소하였다. 버섯생육초기는 850cc병 16병(1밧트)에서 1분당 호흡량이 154.5ppm이며 1병당 9.66ppm/min.이고 1시간에 579.4ppm/1병이다. 버섯생육중기단계는 850cc병 16병(1밧트)에서 1분당 호흡량이 148.1ppm이며 1병당 9.26ppm/min.이고 1시간에 555.4ppm/1병이다. 버섯생육말기단계는 850cc병 16병(1밧트)에서 1분당 호흡량이 157.1ppm이며 1병당 9.82ppm/min.이고 1시간에 589.1ppm/1병이다. 버섯 수확 후 단계는 850cc병 16병(1밧트)에서 1분당 호흡량이 101.6ppm이며 1병당 6.35ppm/min.이고 1시간에 381ppm/1병이다. 버섯 균사배양에서 생육, 수확단계까지 전체 경시적인 변화를 보면 배양초기와 중기에 가장 높고 점차 감소하다가 생육초기보다 말기 쪽이 조금씩 호흡량이 증가하다가 수확 후에 급속하게 감소하는 경향이었다.