• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.179-183
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• 1996

Streptoccus Pneumoniae (pneumococcus), the most common cause of bacterial pneumonia, has an ample polysaccharide (PS) capsule that is highly antigenic and is the source of PS vaccine. This investigation was undertaken to optimize the culture conditions for the production of capsulard PS by type 1 pneumococcus. Among several culture media, brain heart infusion (BHI) and Casitone based media were found to support luxuriant growth of pneumococcus type 1 at the same level. Because BHI medium is rather expensive and more complex than the Casitone based media, the Casitone based media was uwed to study optimization of the culture condition. The phase of growth which accomodated maximum PS production was logarithmic phase. Concentrations of glucose greater than 0.2% did not ehnahce growth or PS production. Substitution of netrogen sources with other resources or supplementation of various concentrations of metal ion (with the exception of calcium ion) had adverse affects on growth and PS production. On the other hand, low level aeration was beneficial for increased PS production. Addition of 3 mg/1 concentration of methionine, phenylalanine, and threonine were found to enhance growth and PS production. The synerigistic effect of all the favorable conditions observed in pneumococcal growth assays provided a two-fold cummulative increase in capsular PS production.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.366-371
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• 2004

Aconitine alkaloids produced from cell suspension cultures of Aconitum napellus for the first time. The effects of various culture conditions on cell biomass and aconitine accumulation in cell suspension cultures were investigated. Suspension cell cultures of A. napellus were established by transferring callus tissues from leaf explants onto liquid MS medium supplemented with $1\;mg/l$ NAA and $0.1\;mg/l$ kinetin. Among the culture media tested, MS medium had a pronounced effect on cell growth and aconitine accumulation. The maximum dry cell weight was obtained at inoculum size of 3 g (FCW) per flask and in MS medium supplemented with 5% sucrose after 8 weeks. The addition of salicylic acid (SA) and yeast extract (YE) in the MS medium enhanced aconitine accumulation. Using a proper combination of culture condition and supplements, aconitine content could reach 0.043% (dry weight basis), that was $2.5{\sim}3$ fold higher that detected in control cultures.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.472-477
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• 2012

A thermophilic $Alicyclobacillus$ $acidocaldarius$, which produces thermostable ${\alpha}$-amylase, was isolated from the hot water effluent of a boiled rice mill near Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India. The effect of different culture conditions on the growth and production of extracellular ${\alpha}$-amylase by thermophilic $A.$ $acidocaldarius$ was investigated in laboratory scale. The results showed that the optimum conditions for the production of ${\alpha}$-amylase are a temperature of $60^{\circ}C$, pH of 6.0, and medium starch concentration of 1.0%, and yeast extract and tryptone of 0.2%. Surfactants, like Tween-20 and SDS, up to 0.02%, were found to increase the bacterial growth and enzymes. Further increase in their concentration resulted in significantly decreased enzyme production.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.913-917
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• 2008

The cyclic undecapeptide, cyclosporin A (CyA), is one of the most commonly prescribed immunosuppressive drugs. It is generated nonribosomally from a multifunctional cyclosporin synthetase enzyme complex by the filamentous fungus Tolypocladium niveum. In order to maximize the production of CyA by wild-type T. niveum (ATCC 34921), each of three culture stages (sporulation culture, growth culture, and production culture) were sequentially optimized. Among the three potential sporulation media, the SSMA medium generated the highest numbers of T. niveum spores. The SSM and SM media were then selected as the optimal growth and production culture media, respectively. The addition of valine and fructose to the SM production medium was also determined to be crucial for CyA biosynthesis. In this optimized three-stage culture system, 3% of the spore inoculum generated the highest level of CyA productivity in a 15-day T. niveum production culture, thereby implying that the determination of an appropriate size of T. niveum spore inoculum plays a critical role in the maximization of CyA production.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.187-191
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• 2005

The Study was carried out to investigate in the optimal mycelial growth and Exo-Polysaccharides of Fomitopsis pinicola. Jar fermentations were carried out to optimize the culture conditions for mycelial growth and exo- polysaccharide production. The optimal agitation speed and aeration rate were 200 rpm and 1.5 v.v.m., respectively. Under optimal culture conditions, the maximum mycelial growth and exo-polysaccharide production after 11 days with a 5 L jar fermenter containing the optimized medium were 10.21 g/L and 3.56 g/L, respectively. However, the fundamental information obtained this study is insufficient in the development of a efficient process for mycelial growth and exe-polysaccharide production from Fomitopsis pinicola.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.268-272
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• 2003

Experiments were carried out to investigate the selection of industrial medium and optimization of fermentation process for the production of erythritol by Candida magnoliae SR101. In the batch fermentation, light steep water(LSW) was the best nitrogen source for the industrial production of erythritol. For the optimization of culture condition, the batch culture was performed. When the concentration of LSW was 65 mL/L in the defined medium containing 250 g/L of glucose, 44% of erythritol yield with 110 g/L of erythritol concentration and 0.66 g/L-hr of productivity, respectively were obtained. Two-stage fed-batch culture was performed to improve the volumetric productivity of erythritol. High density cell culture in the growth stage was performed by batch type with 100 g/L glucose and 500 mL/L LSW concentration, respectively. The cell yield was 0.72 g-cell/g-glucose. Productivity of erythritol was increased and concentration of organic acids such as gluconic acid and acetic acid were decreased when initial pH of 6.5 controlled by 28% ammonia water For increasing yield of erythritol, glucose concentration in the production stage was tested. 37% of total erythritol yield with 186 g/L of erythritol concentration and 1.66 g/L-hr of erythritol productivity were obtained when 820 g of glucose powder was directly added for making up 450 g/L of glucose at production stage.

• BMB Reports
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.86-91
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• 1999

The sprT gene encoding Streptomyces griseus trypsin (SGT) was introduced into Streptomyces lividans TK24 and Streptomyces lividans 1326 to study which strain would be better to overexpress the extracellular proteinase. Various media with different compositions were also used to maximize the productivity of SGT in heterologous hosts. The SGT productivity was best when the transformants of S. lividans TK24 and 1326 were cultivated in R2YE medium, and their relative trypsin activity of the culture broth measured with an artificial chromogenic substrate, N-${\alpha}$-benzoyl-DL-arginine-${\rho}$-nitroanilide, were 382 units/ml and 221 units/ml, respectively. They produced high levels of SGT in GYE medium but relatively lower than those in R2YE medium, and negligible amount of SGT was produced in Ferm, RASF, LIVID, and NDSK media. Considering non-SGT associated activity in Pronase powder, it was estimated that the transformant of S. lividans TK24 can produce SGT in R2YE 3.5 times more than the amount by S. griseus 10137 from which the sprT gene had been originated. The growth of S. lividans reached the maximum level of cell mass at 5 d of culture, but SGT production started in the stationary phase of cell growth and kept increasing until the ninth day of culture in R2YE medium, but in GYE media the productivity reached at the maximum level at 7 d of cultivation.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.271-274
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• 2000

A study was carried out to select a nitrogen source and the optimize the C/N ratio for the maximum cell growth of Phaffia rhodozyma in fed-batch culture. The yeast extract was the best organic nitrogen source. In the batch culture experiments, the highest cell yield was obtained 0.575 g-cell/g-glucose from 10 g/L and 10 g/L yeast extract. In the fed-batch experiments, the maximum cell concentration was obtained 33.1 g/L from the C/N ratio of 2:1 while the astaxanthin concentration of cell was Increased by increasing the C/N ratio, of feed medium.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.273-277
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• 2003

Batch culture of mutant derived from Pichia ciferrii ATCC 14091 was investigated for producing the intracellular tetraacetylphytosphingosine (TAPS). Composite experimental design was used to optimize the composition of the culture medium for maximizing the productivity of TAPS. In this experiment, various culture parameters were investigated that were the effects of temperature, the initial culture pH, the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, the concentration of trace elements, and the concentration of cofactors. The optimal temperature for cell growth and TAPS synthesis appeared to be %25^{\circ}C$. An initial pH value of 7.5 gave the best results. Under the best condition, the maximum TAPS concentration indicated 7.2 g/L and its productivity was 0.06 g/L-hr in a 2.5 L jar

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Resources Recycling Conference
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• 2001.05b
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• pp.121-125
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• 2001

For the probiotic feed production, aerobic liquid fermentation of pulverized food wastes was attempted with a yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus. After grinding finely, optimal fermentation conditions of the substrate was investigated by shaking culture. The most active growth of the yeast was shown at solid content of 10%. The proper addition of urea(0.5g/l), o-phosphate(0.4g/l), molasses(4g/l), and yeast extract (1g/1) increased cell growth rate and viable cell count. For optimizing, the nutrients were all added to substrate and fermentation was carried in 2 litre jar fermenter. For the stimulation of hydrolyzing enzyme excretion, mixed culture with Aspersillus oryzae was also conducted. In 12 hours of fermentation, viable cell count of the yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus amounted to the number of 1.4 $\times$10$^{10}$ /1 in the culture medium.