• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.5-10
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• 2012

The release of hormones and the metabolism of human body are controlled by the circadian rhythm related to sleep-wake cycle. Growth hormone, prolactin, thyroid stimulating hormone, cortisol, glucose, and insulin-secretion rates fluctuate according to the sleep-wake cycle. In addition, sleep is related to the appetite regulation and carbohydrate and other energy metabolism. Hypocretin (orexin), an excitatory neuropeptide, regulates waking and diet intake, and the poor sleep increases diet intake. The short sleep duration increases one's body mass index and impairs the function of the endocrine and metabolism, causing increases in the risk of glucose intolerance and diabetes. The poor sleep quality and sleep disorders have similar impact on the metabolic function. In short, the sleep loss and the poor quality of sleep have a detrimental effect on the endocrine and energy metabolism. The improvement of sleep quality by the future research and appropriate clinical treatment would contribute to the decrease of the metabolic diseases such as diabetes.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.175-180
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• 2012

Early detection and intervention is critical in improving prognosis of developmental disorders. Developmental delay can have many different causes and the clinical features of developmental delay are diverse according to its etiologic causes and severity. The vast and rapid growth of the child's neurobehavioral repertoire from birth through adolescence requires the physician's abundant experience, knowledge, and understanding of development. Here, we summarize instruments for use in neurodevelopmental assessment of infants and toddlers, focusing on motor development, which is the most frequent complaint listed in the developmental clinic.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.175-179
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• 2003

Coptis chinensis (CC) is one of the traditional herbs used in Oriental medicine for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, anxiety, and insomnia. In this study, neurotrophic and neuritogenic effects of CC on rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells were evaluated. Pretreatment of PC12 cells with water extracts of CC $(120{\mu}g/ml)$ produced considerable outgrowth of neurites that is comparable to the effect of nerve growth factor (NGF). Therefore, neurite outgrowth was quantified and expression of NGF mRNA was examined. Furthermore, characteristics of neurites were immunocytochemically confirmed using axon and dendrite-specific antibodies. These results suggest that water extracts of CC contain components that have neurotrophic and neuritogenic properties.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2014

Lipids play important roles in biological systems; they store energy, play a structural role in the cell membrane, and are involved in cell growth, signal transduction, and apoptosis. Phospholipids (PLs) in particular have received attention in the medical and lipidomics research fields because of their involvement in human diseases such as diabetes, obesity, atherosclerosis, and many cancers associated with lipid metabolic disorders. Here I review experimental strategies for PL analysis based on nanoflow liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (nLC-ESI-MSn). In particular, discussed are lipid extraction methods, nanoflow LC separation of PLs, effect of ionization modifiers on the ESI of PLs, influence of chain lengths and unsaturation degree of acyl chains of PLs on MS intensity, structural determination of the molecular structure of PLs and their oxidized products, and quantitative profiling of PLs from biological samples such as tissue, urine, and plasma in relation to cancer and coronary artery disease.

• BMB Reports
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.181-187
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• 2013

Caloric restriction is the most reliable intervention to prevent age-related disorders and extend lifespan. The reduction of calories by 10-30% compared to an ad libitum diet is known to extend the longevity of various species from yeast to rodents. The underlying mechanisms by which the benefits of caloric restriction occur have not yet been clearly defined. However, many studies are being conducted in an attempt to elucidate these mechanisms, and there are indications that the benefits of caloric restriction are related to alteration of the metabolic rate and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species. During molecular signaling, insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling, target of rapamycin pathway, adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase signaling, and Sirtuin are focused as underlying pathways that mediate the benefits of caloric restriction. Here, we will review the current status of caloric restriction.

• BMB Reports
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.28-34
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• 2020

Sphingolipids are ubiquitous building blocks of eukaryotic cell membranes that function as signaling molecules for regulating a diverse range of cellular processes, including cell proliferation, growth, survival, immune-cell trafficking, vascular and epithelial integrity, and inflammation. Recently, several studies have highlighted the pivotal role of sphingolipids in neuroinflammatory regulation. Sphingolipids have multiple functions, including induction of the expression of various inflammatory mediators and regulation of neuroinflammation by directly effecting the cells of the central nervous system. Accumulating evidence points to sphingolipid engagement in neuroinflammatory disorders, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Abnormal sphingolipid alterations, which involves an increase in ceramide and a decrease in sphingosine kinase, are observed during neuroinflammatory disease. These trends are observed early during disease development, and thus highlight the potential of sphingolipids as a new therapeutic and diagnostic target for neuroinflammatory diseases.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2001

Obesity is a metabolic disease associated with multiple hormonal abnormalities. Therefore, obesity management aims at balancing these endocrine malfunctions nowadays. Although many studies proved interactions of hormones related with obesity, there are still lots of controversies. Most of these malfunctions are more pronounced in central, visceral obesity than in peripheral obesity. Recently, it is revealed that a central lesion of endocrine malfunction in human visceral obesity is probably related with a hypersensitivity of hypothalamopituitary-adrenal(HPA) axis. Probably associated with this axis, Insulin and cortisol promote lipid accumulation by expressing lipoprotein lipase activity, while sex hormones and growth hormone exert the opposite effects. Also reviewed was thyroid hormone which is closely related with thermogenesis. Serotonin is prescribed as antidepressant and it is applied to some eating disorders. Recently, leptin made in fat deposit also took attentions in terms of regulator of appetite and messenger of sex signal.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.350-355
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• 1993

The preparation of Streptococcus faecalis RSI is used as a medicinal preparation for human intestinal disorders. But the microbe in this preparation is very sensitive to rifampicin. If this preparation is taken with rifampicin, its therapeutic effect can not be expected. To develope rifampicin resistant mutants, the rifampicin sensitive strain S. faecalis RSI was treated with Nmethyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine(MNNG). Twelve strains of the MNNG-induced mutants showed distinct resistance to rifampicin and five mutants were selected for further studies. They also exhibited identical characteristics with the parent S. faecalis RSI when they were tested for lactic acid formation and growth inhibition of E. coli. From in vitro test, it was identified that rifampicin is not inactivated by certain factors of the rifampicin resistant mutants. Conclusively, the rifampicin resistant mutants are efficient strains that have insensitivity against rifampicin and original biochemical characteristics of the parent strain.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.27-35
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• 2018

Diabetes and depression are serious chronic conditions. As a result of their increasing prevalence, diabetes and depression, together with population growth and aging, are public health issues. The rate of depression in adults with either type 1 diabetes or type 2 diabetes is high relative to the general population. The coexistence of diabetes and depression has attracted much interest. Although it is unclear whether diabetes and depression are causally linked, most studies have shown that the association between diabetes and depression might be bidirectional. Currently, emotional well-being is becoming an increasingly important aspect of diabetes care and self-management. Psychiatric disorders and diabetic distress among people with diabetes may increase the risk of diabetes complication and mortality. Thus, assessment and appropriate management of depression in people with diabetes should be considered to achieve psychological well-being and optimize medical outcomes.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.314-318
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• 2019

Macroglossia is a rare clinical condition defined as an enlarged tongue. Macroglossia can cause structural deformities like diastema and disproportionate mandibular growth and present functional disorders such as dysarthria, dysphonia, and respiratory problems. A 7-year-old boy who had lymphangiomatous macroglossia was treated with a reduction glossectomy by anchor-shaped combination of a U-shape and modified key-hole resection. Postoperatively, the reduced tongue was contained completely within the oral cavity, but open bite remained due to prognathism. Sensory and motor nerves to the tongue appeared to be intact, and circulation was adequate. This patient will be monitored for recurrence of tongue enlargement.