• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.439-447
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• 2020

This paper presents two sets of full three-dimensional thermoelastic finite element analyses of superimposed thermo-mechanically loaded Spar Wingskin Joints made with laminated Graphite Fiber Reinforced Plastic composites. The study emphasizes the influence of residual thermal stresses and material anisotropy on the inter-laminar delamination behavior of the joint structure. The delamination has been pre-embedded at the most likely location, i.e., in resin layer between the top and next ply of the fiber reinforced plastic laminated wingskin and near the spar overlap end. Multi-Point Constraint finite elements have been made use of at the vicinity of the delamination fronts. This helps in simulating the growth of the embedded delamination at both ends. The inter-laminar thermoelastic peel and shear stresses responsible for causing delamination damage due to a combined thermal and a static loading have been evaluated. Strain energy release rate components corresponding to the Mode I (opening), Mode II (sliding) and Mode III (tearing) of delamination are determined using the principle of Virtual Crack Closure Technique. These are seen to be different and non-self-similar at the two fronts of the embedded delamination. Residual stresses developed due to the thermoelastic anisotropy of the laminae are found to strongly influence the delamination onset and propagation characteristics, which have been reflected by the asymmetries in the nature of energy release rate plots and their significant variation along the delamination front.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권10호
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• pp.4401-4408
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• 2015

Background: Cancer is a primary source of concern in Thailand and other countries around the world, including the Asian-Pacific region. Evidence supports that an important contributing cause of cancer and other chronic illnesses such as stroke, diabetes, and hypertension is excessive alcohol consumption. Studies conducted in Thailand reveal a worrisome rise in the number of new and regular drinkers in communities. Therefore, actions for primary, secondary and tertiary prevention of problem drinking are necessary. In recent years nurses in North East Thailand have been developing and implementing the Khon Kaen Family Health Nursing model to embed disease prevention in communities through the actions of family health nurses and local family health leaders. Aim: The aim of this qualitative research was to better understand the experiences of the local family health leaders using this model and to synthesize lessons learned. Materials and Methods: As part of a participatory action research approach involving analysis of focus group discussions and individual interviews, the experiences of 45 family health leaders were synthesized. Results: Four main themes were identified, namely: i) Family first: role modeling beginning at the personal and family level. ii) Local leverage: using village community forums to reduce alcohol drinking. iii) Gentle growth: making the first step and treading gently; and iv) Respect, Redemption, Rehabilitation: valuing the person to re-integrate them in the village society. Conclusions: As alcohol consumption in the village declined significantly following the prevention program, these findings illuminate how low-tech integrated prevention approaches may be very useful, particularly in rural communities. The lessons learned may have relevance not only in Thailand but in other countries seeking to prevent and mitigate behavior that conduces to diseases such as cancer.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.576-581
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• 1999

Effects of signal sequences, protein sizes and dissolved oxygen on the secretion of human lysozyme from a recombinant yeast were experimentally characterized. The systems consisted of Saccharomyces cerevisiae host SEY2102 that was transformed with two different plasmids. These plasmids were identical with an exception to the plasmid pMC614, which contained the native yeast MFα1 sequence and the plasmid pMC632 with the non-native rat α-amylase signal sequence. The expression of human lysozyme was controlled by the ADHI promoter. The native yeast MFαl signal sequence was more efficient than the non-native rat α-amylase signal sequence in directing the secretion of human lysozyme. Lysozyme secreted with the α-amylase signal was retained inside the cells and released to the medium very slowly, thereby causing a lower cell growth rate and a decreased product secretion rate. Lysozyme was secreted more efficiently than invertase, which is an order of magnitude bigger in molecular size compared to lysozyme, which was under the direction of the MFαl signal sequence, suggesting that protein sizes may affect the secretion efficiency. When expressed in anaerobic conditions in the medium where the ADHI promoter was derepressed, the amount of lysozyme secreted was about twice higher than that of the aerobic culture. However, the secretion rates were identical. This result showed that the dissolved oxygen level may affect the efficiency of protein secretion only, and not the secretion rate of the product protein.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.275-280
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• 2012

To understand the effect of aerosols on the growth and physiological conditions of trees in forests, it is important to know the state of aerosols that are deposited on the surface of the leaves or needles. In this study, we developed methods of visualization of submicron-sized aerosols that were artificially deposited from the gas-phase or liquid phase onto tree leaves or needles in trees. Firstly, we used field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) to observe black carbon (BC) particles that were artificially sprayed onto the leaves or needles. The distribution of BC particles deposited on the leaves and needles were distinguished based on the size and morphological features of the particles. The distribution and agglomerates size of BC particles differed between two spraying methods of BC particles employed. Secondly, we tried to visualize gold (Au) particles that were artificially sprayed onto the leaves using energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) coupled to FE-SEM. We detected the Au particles based on the characteristic X-ray spectrum, which was secondarily generated from the Au particles. In contrast to the case of BC particles, the Au particles did not form agglomerates and were uniformly distributed on the leaf surfaces. The present results show that our methods provide useful information of adsorption and/or behavior of fine particles at the submicron level on the surface of the leaves.

• Journal of Multimedia Information System
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.87-96
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• 2020

Parents' desire for daily English practice for students and the urge for a etter English education has led to a demand for a highly qualified educational curriculum. In addition to getting deep-dive insights into parents' decision-making process, the increasingly important role of STEM education method has been proved in accordance with plenty of evidenced-based many of previous research. This study was conducted to examine the five independent factors affecting parents' intentions when designating English centers for their children, respectively named: Facility, Teachers, Brands, Social factors and Tuition. Through a preliminary approach, 235 samples were analyzed. Analysis of the sample responses reveals the importance level of five independent factors affecting Parents' intention to choose English centers in descending order: Facilities, Teachers, Brands, Tuition and Social factors. Furthermore, a positive correlation was found between STEM and Intention to choose English centers, indicating that whether the center applies STEM-related curriculum in English courses or not, in fact, has a significant impact on parents' decision. In terms of attitude towards STEM, further statistical tests revealed an interesting finding, which is the fact that how STEM affects Intention of parents is directly proportional to the Attitude towards STEM. With the help of SPSS 20 and AMOS 20, the SEM analysis was processed in order to draw conclusions about factors impacting Intentions to choose English centers. Combining with Multi-group analysis, the major role of STEM education has been assessed in relation to plenty of correlations. In light of recent major and massive growth of English teaching market in Vietnam, several suggestions and recommendations in terms of sustainable developments have been displayed in this research.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.693-699
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• 2010

Imprinted genes are essential for fetal development, growth regulation, and postnatal behavior. However, little is known about imprinted genes in livestock. We hypothesized that certain putatively imprinted genes affected normal peri-implantation development such as embryo elongation, initial placental development, and preparation of implantation. The objective of the present study was to investigate the mRNA expression patterns of several putatively imprinted genes during the porcine peri-implantation stages from day 6 to day 21 of gestation. Imprinted genes were selected both maternally (Dlk1, IGF2, Ndn, and Sgce) and paternally (IGF2r, H19, Gnas and Xist). Here, we report that the maternally imprinted gene IGF2 was expressed from day 6 (Blastocyst stage), but Dlk1, Ndn, and Sgce were not expressed in this stage. These genes were first expressed between days 12 and day 14. All the maternally imprinted genes studied showed significantly high expression patterns from day 18 of embryo development. In contrast, paternally imprinted genes IGF2r, H19, Gnas, and Xist were first expressed from day 6 of embryo development (BL). Our data demonstrated that the expression of H19 and Gnas genes was significantly increased from day 14 of the embryo developmental stage, while IGF2r and Xist only showed high expression after day 21. This study is the first to show that the putatively imprinted genes were stage-specific during porcine embryonic development. These results demonstrate that the genes studied may exert important effects on embryo implantation and fetal development.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.629-647
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• 2017

As fashion has concentrated increasingly on inner values, it has become more directly connected with human life and society. This study analyzed anti-fashion, a movement that resists mainstream society and culture, which it views as causing inner conflicts such as competition, mammonism, consumerism, and egoism by fixating solely on the pursuit of growth and improvement. The study examined Kinfolk, an independent lifestyle magazine, to determine the essential values and principles that comprise this movement's refusal of mainstream modern society. The analysis of Kinfolk identified the following characteristics of, the Kinfolk lifestyle: essentialism, nature-friendliness, retro sensibilities, socio-ethical awareness, and diversity. Essentialism refers to the pursuit of essence, brevity, innovation based on tradition and slow life. Nature-friendliness involves communion with nature and humanity, animal-friendliness, de-industrialization, de-urbanization, and nomadic behavior. The components of the retro sensibility include nostalgia, and interests in vintage culture, and handcrafts. Diversity encompasses commonplaceness, various subcultures, agelessness, genderlessness, acceptance of other cultures, and new understanding. The analysis identified the tendencies of anti-fashion in Kinfolk magazine as simplicity, naturalism, resistance to novelty, ethics, and inclusiveness. Anti-fashion pursues the essential values of human life that have been lost or forgotten in modern society. It is important to pay constant attention to the values of minority, non-mainstream and indie cultures that represent anti-fashion. It exerts considerable influence and has great potential as an area for the development of various style-based paradigms rather than as a single fashion direction.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.945-958
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• 2009

This study is to examine the factors affecting success of business withhigh accomplishments in customer recognition and financial aspect in the fashion industry. In addition, through survey on consumers and interviews on industry officials who concerned fashion brand, perceived success factors were compared between consumer and industry groups. This study selected a total of 20 brands, which were 5 brands per 4 categories(e.g., women, men, sports and casual wear), with high customer satisfaction and customer loyalty in consumer's perspective and high revenues, revenue growth, and profit rate in 2004 in a financial perspective. The survey on consumer group and interviews on officials in industry were conducted simultaneously. One thousand respondents were obtained from survey on consumers and 40 respondents were obtained from interviews on industry officials. Multiple regression analysis and t-test were used for data analysis via the SPSS 12.0 program. The result of this study was as following. From a consumer perspective, respondents recognized that both consumer satisfaction and brand revenues were positively related to brand factors of consumer, product and marketing. From an industry's perspective, consumer, product and marketing factors affected consumer satisfaction as a brand success factor. In comparison of perception difference in brand success factors between consumer and industry groups, industry group was more likely to concern about the importance of brand success than consumers. In addition, the consumer group perceived the most highly consumer factor as a brand success factor, followed by product and marketing and external environment factors, while industry group did in order of consumer, marketing, product, and external environment factors, which indicated significant difference in perceptions of the two groups. Through this study on consumer satisfaction to improve positive and amicable buying behavior and comparative analysis on difference of perception of consumers and industry on factorsfor financial ability and revenue increase, the foundation for strategy establishment of brand distinction in fashion industry can be provided.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.528-532
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• 1999

Y$_2$O$_3$films were grown on SiO$_2$-covered Si(111), and hydrogen-terminated Si(111), and hydrogen-terminated Si(111) substrates at 50$0^{\circ}C$ by ultrahigh vacuum ionized cluster beam deposition (UHV-ICB). The microstructures and growth behavior of these films have been investigated by transmission electron diffraction (TED) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy(HREM). The TED results show that the $Y_2$O$_3$grown on the SiO$_2$-Si has the epitaxial relationship of (11-1)Y$_2$O$_3$∥(111)Si and [-110]Y$_2$O$_3$∥[-110]Si. The film on the H-Si substrate contains YS\ulcorner and amorphous YSi\ulcornerO\ulcorner layers at the interface, having the orientation relationship each other. For the YSi\ulcorner and the Si substrate, the relationship is (0001)YSi\ulcorner∥(111)Si and [1-210]YSi\ulcorner∥∥[-110]Si. For the $Y_2$O$_3$and the YSi\ulcorner ; the relationship is as follows: (11-1)Y$_2$O$_3$∥(0001)YSi\ulcorner and [-110]Y$_2$O$_3$∥[1-210]YSi\ulcorner(111)Y$_2$O$_3$∥(0001)YSi\ulcorner and [-110]Y$_2$O$_3$∥[1-210]YSi\ulcorner. Explanation is given to describe the formation mechanisms of the interfacial phases of SiO\ulcorner, YSi\ulcornerO\ulcorner and YSi\ulcorner. It is shown that the crystallinity of the $Y_2$O$_3$film on the SiO$_2$-Si(111) is better than that of $Y_2$O$_3$on H-Si(111).

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제9권7호
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• pp.688-694
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• 1999

Ti-6Al-4V 합금을 타겟트로 사용하여 유리 기판위에 dc reactive magnetron sputtering법으로 $N_2$/(Ar+N_2)$ 비, 기전력 및 시간등의 여러 가지 증착 조건에서 Ti-6Al-4V-N 필름을 증착하였고, 각각의 증착 조건에 따른 결정구조 및 우선방위 거동은 X-선 회절장치를 사용하여 조사하였다. Ti-6Al-4V-N 필름은 본질적으로 fcc 결정구조의 $\delta$-TiN에 Al과 V이 결함으로서 고용된 변형된 형태의 $\delta$-TiN구조이고, TiN의 격자상수(4.240 )보다 작은 값을 나타내었는데, 이는 Ti(1.47 )에 비하여 상대적으로 원자반경이 작은 Al(1.43 )과 V (1.32 )이 Ti의 격자위치에 치환된 결과이다. 그리고 Ti-6Al-4V-N 필름은 $_N2$가스 분압이 감소됨에 따라 (111) 우선방위 성장거동을 하였을 뿐만아니라 증착시간의 증가에 따라 뚜렷한 (111) 우선방위 성장거동을 나타내었다. 그리고 증착속도 및 결정입도의 거동 또한 여러 가지 증착 조건에 크게 의존한다