• 물과 미래
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.6-16
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• 1972

It has been well studied and known that the yields from the rice fields irrigated by the cold water such as the water directly flowing in from mountain valleies, underground water and subground water are largely influenced by the water temperature. However, the best method of raising water temperature has not yet been established. This is because there are some essentially difficult problems associated. When we examine the effects of $1^{\circ}C$ rise in the water temperature under natural condition on rice growing, the necessity of this line of study is verified. The results of Mihara's study show that rice bears its fruits at the water temperature above $19^{\circ}C$ and the difference of $1^{\circ}C$ in the range of $19^{\circ}C$ to $22^{\circ}C$ can produce the 20% of difference in yields. Because of these facts, most farmers have made use of water temperature raising ponds, zigzag waterways and shelter belts. But the most important factor in raising water temperature has been found to be the heat loss due to evaporation. Recently, a good deal of experiment on raising water temperature and soil temperature by reducing the evaporation are being carried out all over the world. The reduction of evaporation does not only reduce heat loss, from the surface but also reduce the loss of water. Present study is aimed to determine the efficiency of different chemicals by which monomolecular films are formed over different surfaces such as water surface, soil surface and the surface of plant leaves with a purpose of preventing the transpiration, and aimed to observe the effects of the temperature rise and its influence on growing state as well as the durability of the plants under drought condition.

• 한국결정학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.42-48
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• 1993

K6P4Ol3 응제를 사용하여 TSSG법에 의해 KTP(K Tiop04) 단결정을 성장시켰다. 가열로의 내부에 heatpipe와 복사방열판을 설치하여 도가니 내의 온도 안정성 및 균일도를 향상시켰다. 크고 양질의 단결정을 얻기 위한 목적으로 조업온도 구간,초기 냉각속도, 강제교반, 융제의 재사용과 같은 몇 가지 조업변수들에 따른 영향을 비교 고찰하였다. 본 융제의 조건하에서(0.6g KTP/lg flux), 초기 냉각속도가 0.1℃/hr 이하까지 느릴수록, 적절한 결정 회전이 수반될수록 양질의 단결정성장에 유리하였다. 최대 44 × 39 ×17체 크기의 KTP단결정을 얻을 수 있었으며, 단순가공 상태하에서도 21.3% SHG 변환효율을 나타내었다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.65-68
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• 2005

Growth and development of a plant over a growing season is closely related to the daily accumulation of heat. Heat unit measured by accumulated growing degree days (GDD) is becoming increasingly popular to estimate the growth of a plant or even in insect. GDD or heat accumulation per day is measured by calculating average daily temperature and then subtracting the base temperature below which growth does not occur. Heat accumulation per day is added for the desired period and accumulated GDD is determined. The present study was conducted in five seasons in an established garden with K-2, S-36 and V-1 mulberry varieties belonging to Morus indica L. grown under completely irrigated condition at the farm of CSRTI, Mysore during 2001 - 2002. Plants were pruned in each season and the growth of the plant measured by total shoot length and fresh leaf yield was recorded at an interval of 5 days starting from 30 days of pruning (DAP) to 70 days when all the plants were pruned. The accumulated GDD for the corresponding days were recorded and used for analysis. Accumulated growing degree days (GDD) have been found to be perfectly correlated with both growth and yield in all the seasons in all the varieties studied. The high $R^2$ values indicated a strong relationship between the accumulated GDD and, growth and yield of mulberry.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.230-246
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• 2023

Objectives: The climate crisis has arrived and heat-related illnesses are increasing. It is necessary to discover new high-heat risk industries and understand the environment . It is also necessary to prioritize risks of industries that have not been included in the management target to date. The study was intended to monitor and evaluate the thermal risk of high-priority workplaces. Methods: A prioritization method was developed based on five factors: occurrence of and death due to heat-related illnesses, work environment monitoring, indoor work rate, small heat source, and limited heat dissipation. it, was applied to industrial accidents caused by heat-related illnesses. Wet bulb temperature index and apparent temperature were measured in July and August at 24 workplaces in seven industries and assessed for thermal risk. Results: The wet bulb temperature index was in the range of 23.8~31.9℃, and exposure limits were exceeded in the growing of crops, food services activities and accommodation, and building construction. The apparent temperature was in the range of 26.8~36.7℃, and exceeded the temperature standard for issuing heatwave warnings in growing of crops, food services activities and accommodation, warehousing, welding, and building construction. Both temperature index in growing of crops and building construction were higher than the outside air temperature. Conclusions: In the workplace, risks in industries that have not be controlled and recognized through existing systems was identified. it is necessary to provide break times according to the work-rest time ratio required during dangerous time period.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.783-787
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• 1999

To study the effects of different extrusion conditions of barley on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and nutrient excretion in feces, a total of 150 growing pigs ($Landrace{\times}Duroc{\times}Large$ White; average 24.4 kg body weight) were allotted to five treatments, in a completely randomized block design. The experimental diets were based on corn-soybean and 30% of barley was included in each diet; barley was the only extruded ingredient. The treatments were 1) no extrusion (Control); 2) extrusion at $100^{\circ}C$ without preconditioning (ENLT); 3) extrusion at $150^{\circ}C$ without preconditioning (ENHT); 4) extrusion at $100^{\circ}C$ with preconditioning (ECLT); 5) extrusion at $150^{\circ}C$ with preconditioning (ECHT). Temperature in the barrel was controlled within ${\pm}5^{\circ}C$ by feed rate with the addition of water at the rate of $3{\ell}\;per\;min$. in the extruder for each treatment. For the 6 week experimental period, extrusion of barley improved the average daily gain (ADG) and digestibilities of dry matter, crude protein and gross energy in growing pigs. As compared to control, significant improvements in ADG (p<0.05) were shown in the groups of feeding extruded barley at high temperature (ENHT and ECHT). There were also significant differences in the digestibilities of DM, CP and P between extrusion temperatures. Barley extruded at high temperature gave better digestibilities of DM, CP and GE than barley extruded at low temperature. Extruded barley diet groups showed significantly (p<0.05) lower excretions of DM, nitrogen (N) and P per kg gain as compared to the ground barley group. DM, N and P excretion per kg gain were also significantly lower in pigs fed barley extruded at $150^{\circ}C$ than at $100^{\circ}C$. In conclusion, extrusion considerably improved the nutritive value of barley and it appeared that temperature is the most important variable.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.103-110
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• 2005

이 연구의 목적은 겨울철 양돈농가의 육성${\cdot}$비육돈사를 대상으로 돈사내부의 암모니아 가스와 이산화탄소 가스 농도를 측정하여 양돈시설에서 얼마만큼의 암모니아 가스가 발생하는 가를 분석하기 위한 것으로 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 육성${\cdot}$비육돈사의 내부의 온도는 최소 $6.4^{\circ}C$, 최대 $18.9^{\circ}C$, 일중 평균 $12.4{\pm}4^{\circ}C$로 나타났다. 돈사내부의 온도는 외기의 온도가 $-7.9\~5^{\circ}C$인 것을 고려하면 돼지의 체열에 의한 온도상승으로 가온을 하지 않았음에도 불구하고 외기온도 보다 약 $10^{\circ}C$ 높게 유지되었으며, 외기온의 변화와 같은 경향으로 변화하는 것으로 나타났다. 2. 겨울철 육성${\cdot}$비육돈사의 환기율을 분석한 결과 돼지 한 마리당 일평균 $16\;m^3/h$로 나타났으며, 최소 $12\;m^3/h$, 최대 $22.4\;m^3/h$로 최대환기율과 최소환기율에 2배 정도 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 3. 겨울철 이산화탄소 농도는 일중 평균 $1,775{\pm}230\;ppm$으로 나타났으며, 환기율과 암모니아 농도를 고려하여 분석한 암모니아 발생량은 일중 평균 $208{\pm}28\;mg/h{\cdot}pig$ 내외로 나타났다. 겨울철에는 다른 계절과 달리 돈사내부의 온도관리를 위해 돈사의 윈치커튼을 닫아 내부의 암모니아 농도는 높으나, 환기율이 상대적으로 낮아 암모니아가스 발생량은 다른 계절과 비교하여 상대적으로 적은 것으로 분석되었다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.145-150
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• 1998

ZnGa2O4 thin film phosphors were deposited on Si(100) (111) wafers by rf magnetron sputtering. The ef-fects of substrates and deposition parameters on the growing mechanisms were studied. As a results of the effect of substrate temperature tranistions of growth orientation and different growing behaviors were ob-served. Also polycrystalline ZnGa2O4 thin film could not be achieved without oxygen gas. PL spectrum of ZnGa2O4 thin films were analyzed and showed broad band luminescence spectrum.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2010년도 제39회 하계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.277-277
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• 2010

In this report, we present a very effective growing method of graphene using plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition(PECVD). The graphene is successfully grown on copper substrate. Low temperature growing is obtained with methane and hydrogen plasma. The graphene layers are analyzed by Raman spectroscopy and atomic force microscope. We also provide a transfer technique of graphene layer onto silicon substrate to build up various kinds of application devices.

• 한국진공학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.127-132
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• 1996

We measured photoreflectance spectrum characteristics of InGaAs grown by MBE method on semi-insulating GaAs. The PR signal splitting of substate and epilayer was observed. The band gap energy was about 1.40 eV. It make to 8 meV difference when it is fitted by Pan's equation. The reason is stress on the interface, which is due to lattice mismatch between epilayer and substate . We became to know that reason influence crystalline on growing sample. In InGaAs epilayer, temperature dependency is low. The efficiency of photo absorption is high and activate over 200K. In this case when it is annealed at $400^{\circ}C$ below growing temperature, PR signal splitting is remarkable and crystalline is inhanced.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.245-248
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• 2012

본 논문에서는 실리콘 기반의 기술과 차별화하여 저온동시소성세라믹 (LTCC) 기판을 이용하여 대표적 압전물질인 PZT 박막의 최적의 증착조건을 연구하였다. LTCC 기술은 실리콘 기반의 기술에 비하여 낮은 생산 단가, 높은 수율, 3차원 구조물의 용이한 제작성 등으로 인하여 센서 및 액추에이터와 같은 10 um ~ 수백 um 정도의 중규모 디바이스를 제작하는데 있어서 중요한 역할을 담당하고 있다. LTCC 기판은 NEG사의 MLS 22C 상용 파우더를 이용하여 100 um 두께의 그린쉬트를 적층하고 동시소결하여 400 um 두께로 제작하였다. 제작한 기판위에 Pt/Ti 하부전극을 증착하고 RF 마그네트론 스퍼터링 방법을 이용하여 PZT 박막의 증착조건을 연구하였다. 증착조건으로는 RF 전력과 아르곤과 산소 가스비를 가변하여 실시하였으며, XRD와 EDS를 사용하여 박막의 결정성 및 성분을 분석하였다. 실험을 통하여 얻어진 최적의 증착조건은 RF 전력 125W, 아르곤과 산소비 15:5에서 가장 우수한 특성을 나타내는 것을 확인하였다.