• Title/Summary/Keyword: growing stock

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Chittagong University Campus: Rich in Forest Growing Stock of Valuable Timber Tree Species in Bangladesh

  • Akter, Salena;Rahman, Md. Siddiqur;Al-Amin, M.
    • Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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    • v.29 no.2
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    • pp.157-164
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    • 2013
  • The campus of Chittagong University in Bangladesh is rich in forest ecosystem. The campus has large area with vast tract of land planted with valuable timber tree species. The present study identifies and discovers the potential growing stock of the plantations in the campus area. This Growing stock was measured in three parameters viz. volume, biomass and organic carbon stock. Study identified thirty three economically valuable forest tree species in the plantations of Chittagong University. Out of three growing stock parameters, volume of timber was found to be low in indigenous tree species in the plantation sites other than exotic species. This might be due to their slow growth rate and low density in the plantation sites. However, biomass and organic carbon stock of trees per hactre area showed that indigenous species gather and sequester more timber and carbon respectively than introduced species. Plantations of Chittagong University campus can acquire $25.51m^3/ha$ volume of economically important tree species, where biomass and organic carbon stock is 222.33 tonne/ha and 107.48 tonne/ha respectively. This result shows a positive impression on the plantation site to be considered as good forest reserve.

Assessment of Above Ground Carbon Stock in Trees of Ponda Watershed, Rajouri (J&K)

  • Ahmed, Junaid;Sharma, Sanjay
    • Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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    • v.32 no.2
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    • pp.120-128
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    • 2016
  • Forest sequesters large terrestrial carbon which is stored in the biomass of tree and plays a key role in reducing atmospheric carbon. Thus, the objectives of the present study were to assess the growing stock, above ground biomass and carbon in trees of Ponda watershed of Rajouri district (J&K). IRS-P6 LISS-III satellite data of October 2010 was used for preparation of land use/land cover map and forest density map of the study area by visual interpretation. The growing stock estimation was done for the study area as well as for the sample plots laid in forest and agriculture fields. The growing stock and biomass of trees were estimated using species specific volume equations and using specific gravity of wood, respectively. The total growing stock in the study area was estimated to be $0.25million\;m^3$ which varied between $85.94m^3/ha$ in open pine to $11.58m^3/ha$ in degraded pine forest. However in agriculture area, growing stock volume density of $14.85m^3/ha$ was recorded. Similarly, out of the total biomass (0.012 million tons) and carbon (0.056 million tons) in the study area, open pine forest accounted for the highest values of 43.74 t/ha and 19.68 t/ha and lowest values of 5.68 t/ha and 2.55 t/ha, respectively for the degraded pine forest. The biomass and carbon density in agriculture area obtained was 5.49 t/ha and 2.47 t/ha, respectively. In all the three forest classes Pinus roxburghii showed highest average values of growing stock volume density, biomass and carbon.

Recalculation of Forest Growing Stock for National Greenhouse Gas Inventory (국가 온실가스 통계 산정을 위한 임목축적 재계산)

  • Lee, Sun Jeoung;Yim, Jong-Su;Son, Yeong Mo;Kim, Raehyun
    • Journal of Climate Change Research
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    • v.7 no.4
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    • pp.485-492
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    • 2016
  • For reporting national greenhouse gas inventory in forest sector, the forest growing stock from the National Forest Inventory (NFI) system has used as activity data sources. The National Forest Inventory system was changed from rotation system by province to annual system by 5 years across the country. The forest growing stocks based on the new inventory system produced a different trend compared to the previous estimations. This study was implemented to recalculate previous forest growing stocks for time series consistency at a national level. The recalculation of forest growing stock was conducted in an overlap approach by the IPCC guideline. In order to support the more consistency data, we used calibration factors between applied stand volumes in 1985 and 2012, respectively. As a result, the time series of recalculated forest growing stock was to be consistency using the overlap approach and the calibration factor with the lower middle/middle site index. According to the applied overlap period, however, we will recalculate activity data using more complete data from national forest inventory system.

Estimation of Growing Stock and Carbon Stock based on Components of Forest Type Map: The case of Kangwon Province (임상도 특성에 따른 임목축적 및 탄소저장량 추정: 강원도를 중심으로)

  • Kim, So Won;Son, Yeong Mo;Kim, Eun Sook;Park, Hyun
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.103 no.3
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    • pp.446-452
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    • 2014
  • This research aimed to provide a method to estimate growing stock and carbon stock using the characteristics of forest type map such as the age-class, DBH class and crown density class. We transformed the growing stock data of national forest inventory (mainly Kangwon-do province) onto those of time when the forest type map was established. We developed a simulation model for the growing stock using the transformed data and the characteristics of forest type map by the quantification method I. By comparing partial correlation coefficient, we found that quantification of growing stock was largely affected by age-class followed by crown density class, forest type and DBH class. The growing stock, was estimated as minimum in the broadleaved forest with age-class II, DBH class 'Small', and crown density class 'Low' as $20.0m^3/ha$, whereas showed maximum value in the coniferous forest with age-class VI, DBH class 'Large', and crown density class 'High' as $305.0m^3/ha$. The growing stock for coniferous, broadleaved, and mixed forest were estimated as $30.5{\sim}305.0m^3/ha$, $20.0{\sim}200.4m^3/ha$, and $23.8{\sim}238.1m^3/ha$, respectively. When we compared the carbon stock by forest type, the carbon stock by age class based on growing stock was maximum when DBH class was 'Large' and crown density class was 'High' regardless of forest type. This estimation of growing stock by using characteristic of forest type can be used to estimate the changes in growing stock and carbon stock resulting from deforestation or natural disaster. In addition, we hope it provide a useful advice when forest officials and policy makers have to make decisions in regard to forest management.

Free Cash Flow, Agency Conflicts, and Compensation Plans in a Non-growing Industry

  • Park, Sang-Bum
    • The Korean Journal of Financial Studies
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    • v.10 no.1
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    • pp.249-269
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    • 2004
  • Free cash flow is known as a typical type of agency conflict between managers and shareholders in a firm. The insurance industry, which is not growing, is particularly susceptible to such excessive cash flow. We herein investigate the effects of stock ownership plans on reducing agency conflicts. We adopt undistributed cash flow to proxy free cash flow, and size, default risk, group membership, leverage, investment opportunity, and stock options are selected as explanatory variables. We find that stock option plans are effective(at a 10% level) in reducing free cash flow.

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Economic Feasibility and Introducing Strategy of Woody Bioenergy in Korea (국내 목질바이오에너지의 경제적 타당성과 도입전략)

  • Choi Don-Ha;Lee Seong Youn;Son Yeong Mo;Park Kyung Seok
    • 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2005.06a
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    • pp.482-486
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    • 2005
  • Total forest growing stock and growing stock per ha in Korea are $470\times10^6m^3\;and\;73m^3$, respectively. Those figures mean that forest growing stock was increased 4.7 times more during last 30 years. The annual production of forest biomass comes from forest tending executed by Korea Forest Service was estimated about $1.07\times10^6m^3$ M/T, which was equivalent to $0.45\%$ of total imported crude oil of Korea at 2002. The production is expected to increase and reach up to $1.9\times10^6 M/T$ till 2008. The analysis of economic feasibility showed that the production cost of wood chip(134,786Won/T) was about 30,389 Won/T higher than heat value of wood chip, 104,397 Won/T estimated from that of kerosene. For the promotion of forest bioenergy utilization, more efforts need to be given for the education and public relations to induce publicity a willingness-to-pay for the environment friendly fuels under the good understanding for the use of bioenergy. In addition, we need to provide a community-based biomass utilization program by region to allocate the role of each participant and to increase the profitability of bioenergy.

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Impacts of Reforestation on Stabilization of Riverine Water Levels in South Korea

  • JAEHYUN, YOON;SAANG JOON, BAAK;MIN YOUNG, SEO;TAEJONG, KIM
    • KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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    • v.44 no.4
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    • pp.1-24
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    • 2022
  • We investigate how reforestation contributed to stabilization of riverine water levels in South Korea. For the purpose, we estimate an equation capturing dynamic relationships among rainfall, upstream-area tree stock, and downstream water levels in three river systems of Hongcheon, Mangyeong, and Hyeongsan, using daily observations of precipitation and water levels for the period from 1985 to 2005. Simulation based on estimation results shows that increase in the tree stock in a river basin leads to a significantly suppressed peaking in riverine water levels in response to an abrupt and concentrated rain in the upstream area. For instance, an hour-long concentration of 100mm rain results in 0.7m rise in water level if the volume of growing stock is 1 million m3, whereas the rise in water level stays below 0.27m with 5 million m3 in the growing-stock volume.

The Factor Clustering of Growing Stock Changes by Forest Policy using Principal Component Analysis (주성분 분석을 이용한 산림정책별 입목축적변화의 요인 군집)

  • Shin, Hye-Jin;Kim, Eui-Gyeong;Kim, Dong-Hyeon;Kim, Hyeon-Guen
    • Journal of agriculture & life science
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    • v.46 no.2
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    • pp.1-8
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    • 2012
  • This study is a precedent study for deriving transfer function model between growing stock and forest management policies. Its goal is to solve the multicollinearity between forest works inducing growing stock changes through principal component analysis using annual time series data from 1997 to 2008. As the results, the total explanatory power showed 91.4% on the summarized 3 principal components. They were renamed 'good forest management' 'pest & insets management' 'forest fires' for conceptualization on the derived each component.

Empirical Analysis on the Spillover Effects between Korean and U.S. Stock Market after U.S. Financial Crisis (서브프라임사태 전후 한미간 정보전이현상에 관한 연구)

  • Yae, Min Soo
    • Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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    • v.4 no.4
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    • pp.113-125
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    • 2008
  • This paper investigates the spillover effects(co-movements) between korean and U.S stock market by KOSPI and DJIA Index. Especially it compare to the pre- and post period of U.S. financial crisis resulted from sub-prime mortgage loan. The main results are as follows. First, the spillover effects of DJIA(U.S. market) to KOSPI(Korean market) are strong. This result accord with the former researches on this subject. Second, spillover effects are more strong after U.S. financial crisis. A possible reason for this phenomenon is a trend which the major investors such as foreign and institutional investors in domestic stock market have more attention to U.S. stock market. Third, the spillover effects appear in the opposite direction, that is KOSPI(Korean Stock Market) to DJIA(U.S. Stock Market). It seems to be the results of asian stock market's growing infIuences to European and U.S Markets.

Forest Information Mapping using GIS and Forest Basic Statistics (GIS 및 산림기본통계를 이용한 산림정보지도 제작)

  • Park, Joon-Kyu;Lee, Jong-Sin
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.19 no.8
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    • pp.370-377
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    • 2018
  • Currently, Korea is ahead of the forest sector such as forest management, forest investigation and forest management, which is not insufficient compared with the forest advanced countries (Germany, Japan, Austria). However, there is a lack of systematic and advanced forest management plan and related research, and it is not enough to construct GIS for practical and complex analysis. Therefore, in order to perform forest analysis effectively, this study maps forest basic statistics (2010, 2015) based on GIS to map forest information. As a result, the forest area, growing stock, average growing stock, and forest rate could be produced with the maximized visual effect by detailed administrative districts, and systematic analysis of the time series changes was also possible. Forest area increased only in Goseong, Sejong, Cheolwon, Yeoncheon, Daejeon, and Seoul Guro-gu, and decreased in all other areas, while growing stock increased in most areas, Uljin, Ulleung, Seoul Nowon-gu, and Seoul Gangdong-gu. The average growing stock was found to increase in most areas excluding the four administrative districts and the forest rate was higher in 10 regions (Goseong, Yeoncheon, Gongju, Busan Dong-gu, Daegu Seo-gu, etc.) but it decreased in most regions excluding 10 regions. Based on this research, we plan to produce and analyze forest information maps for smaller administrative districts and more.