• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.171-177
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• 2004

This study was performed to investigate the effects of liquid culture of Agaricus blazei Murill on the weight gains, food efficiency ratios, serum protein and mineral levels, and serum enzyme activities in growing male rats. Sprague-Dawley rats (7 weeks old) were given four different types of diets for a succeeding period of 6 weeks, respectively: a normal diet group, a control diet group (normal diet + 15％ lard + 0.5％ cholesterol), a 30％ or 40％ A. blazei diet groups (control diet + 30％ or 40％ A. blazei in water) according to the levels of A. blazei supplementation. The body weight gains, food efficiency ratios, and the liver of the rats fed control diet, 30％ or 40％ A. blazei diets were significantly increased compared to rats fed the normal diet, but those of rats fed the 30％ and 40％ A. blazei diets were similar to those of rats fed the control diet. The concentrations of total protein, albumin, glucose, and hematocrit value in serum of rats fed the control diet, 30％ or 40％ A. blazei diets were similar to those of rats fed the normal diet. The concentrations of urea and creatinine in serum of rats fed the 30％ or 40％ A. blazei diets were similar to those of rats fed the control diet. but the urea of rats fed the 30％ and 40％ A. blazei diets were significantly decreased compared to rats fed the normal diet. The concentrations of Ca, P, Fe and Mg, and $Ca^{++}$, $K^+$, $Na^+$ and $Cl^-$ of rats fed the control diet, 30％ or 40％ A. blazei diets were similar to those of rats fed the normal diet. There were no differences in the activities of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, $\gamma$-glutamyltranspeptidase and alkaline phosphatase in the serum among the experimental groups. In conclusion, the rats fed the A. blazei maintained normal protein and mineral levels, and enzyme activities of serum. But the A. blazei feeding could not decrease the body and liver weights in the rats fed high cholesterol diets.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.602-611
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• 1995

This study was designed to find out the effects of $\omega$-3 and $\omega$-6 polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acid from prenatal to growing period on the brain growth and behavioral development of rats. Rats(Sprague-Dawley strain) were fed experimental diets-fish oil, corn oil or beef tallow-with different contents of $\omega$-3 and $\omega$-6 fatty acids throughout the prenatal and lactational period and up to 10 weeks of age. DNA and RNA concentration of rat brain were determined at 0, 3, 6 weeks of age and choline and acetylcholine concentrations were analyzed at 10 weeks of age. When the rats were 7 weeks of age, position reversional test in a Y-shaped water maze for 4 weeks was measured. The experimental results obtained are summarized as follows. Food intakes were significantly lower in fish oil group and body weight gain was low in the group fed beef tallow and the groups fed fish oil and corn oil were somewhat good. Food efficiency ratio was not significantly different among the groups. Brain weight was not affected by the fatty acid composition of experimental diets and DNA and RNA concentration of the rat brain were consistently maintained at the same level. It was not different significantly among the dietary groups in the DNA and RNA concentrations of the rat brain during the experimental period. The acetylcholine concentration in the fish oil group was somewhat higher than the other groups. The position reversional test in a Y-shaped water maze showed a significant difference the score of test among the experimental groups. The score of the rats fed the fish oil diet was significantly higher than the other groups and the concentration of acetylcholine in brain were too. Therefore the correlatin between the Y-shaped water maze test score and the acetylcholine concentratin in the brain was found. Above finding support the content that dietary fatty acid composition does not affect to the brain cell number and cell size but the behavior development is influenced. Therefore, the improvement of behavior development is required the effective usage of finny tribe.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.521-541
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• 1991

The purpose of this study was to investigate the growth changes of the mandible and associated structure in response to postural hyperpropulsion and changes after removal of postural hyperpropulsor. The experimental animals were four-week-old Sprague-Dawley males rats. The animals were worn the postural hyperpropulsor diurnally for 10 hours per day. The animals were sacrified after 1-week, 2-week, 4-week postural hyperpropulsion and 4-week postural hyperpropulsion 4-week removal period. The growth changes of rat mandible and associated structures following postural hyperpropulsion on the growing rat mandible were observed biometrically, radiographically and histologically. The finding were as follows. 1. The angle between the chief axis of the bone trabeculae in the condyle and the mandibular plane of rats observed for 4 weeks after worn the hyperpropulsor for 4 weeks was directed posteriorly as compared with that of control rats. 2. The ratio of mandibular length to maxillary length of experimental rats was higher than that of control rats. 3. The tooth axis of mandibular first molar of rats worn the postural hyperpropulsor for 4 weeks was mesially inclined as compared with control rats. 4. Histologically, the cartilage layer at the superior region of the condyle of rats worn the postural hyperpropulsor for 2 weeks appeared thicker than that of same aged normal rats, and generalized increase of the cartilage layer was shown on the condyle of rats worn the postural hyperpropulsor for 4 weeks. 5. There was no significant histologic difference between rats observed for 4 weeks after worn the postural hyperpropulsor for 4 weeks (8 week experimental rats) and same aged normal rats. 6. The newly formed bone at anterior region of articular fossa of rats worn the postural hyperpropulsor for 2 weeks and 4 weeks was thicker than that of same aged normal rats.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.525-530
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• 1998

The effects of godulbaegi(Ixeris sonchifolia H.) powder on body weight gain, lipid and protein concentrations, and enzyme activities were studied in growing male rats for 4 and 8 week. The fats (Sprague-Dawley) were fed diets containing 5% godulbaegi or without. The body weght gain, food efficiency ratio, protein efficiency ratio, hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit value of rats fed godulbaegi diet were similar to the control diet. The ratio of spleen weight to body weight in godulbaegi group for 8 weeks was greater than in that of control group, but they were similar both feeding groups in liver and kidney. The concentrations of the total lipid and triglyceride in serum were increased in rats fed godulbaegi diet for 4 week than in those fed control diet, but those were decreased in rats fed godulbaegi diet for 8 week than in those fed the control diet. The concentrations of the phospholipid, total cholestrol and HDL-cholestrol in serum were decreased in rats fed godulbaegi diet for 8 week than in those fed control diet. The HDL-cholestrol/total cholestrol ratio and athergenic index were similar to both diet groups. There were no differences in growth, serum total protein, albumin concentrations, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activities between rats fed godulbaegi diet and those fed the control diet.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.447-456
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• 1989

This study was performed to investigate nutritional effect and the utilization possibility of rapeseed oil which could replace the imported edible oils and oil crops. The proximate compositions of a recommendable cultivar(Mokpo Dangyo 19) and a native kind(Asahi) and the characteristics of these rapeseed oils were analyzed. The animal experiment of these rapeseed oils was carried out during 8 weeks of growing periods after weanling. Forty male weanling Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to 3 diet groups of Dangyo 19 oil, Asahi oil and commercial Soybean oil. Mokpo Dangyo 19 variety contained more lipids than Asahi variety by 8% and there was no difference in physiochemical characteristics between Dangyo 19 oil and Asahi oil except that erucic acid was contained little in Dangyo 19 oil but 50% in Asahi oil. Body weight gain, FER(Feed efficiency ratio) and PER(Protein efficiency ratio) of rats fed Dangyo 19 oil were higher than those of rats fed Asahi oil and organ weights such as liver, kidney and epididymal fat pads weights of rats fed Dangyo 19 oil were significantly higher(P<0.05) thanthose of rats fed Asahi oil. the apparent digistibility of total diet and total lipid were higher in rats fed the diets containing Dangyo 19 oil than Asahi oil. The content of total lipid in heart in heart were not significantly different with dietary oil kinds. The content of total lipid in liver increased with age in all rapeseed oil groups.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.11-15
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• 1978

The author observed the effect of x-ray irradiation on the development of the mandible in the fetuses and growing albino rats. The fetuses were irradiated on the 7½th day of gestation, 100, 200, 300, and 400 rads of x-ray respectively. The experimental animals were sacrificed on the 18½th day of gestation, and first week, second week and third week after parturition. The results were as follows; 1. The mandible of the 18½th day fetuses showed irregular bone trabeoulae, osteoclasts and osteocyte degeneration on the 300 and 400 rads x-ray irradiated fetuses. 2. In the mandible of the first week rats, there was marked osteocyte degeneration and a lot of osteoclast. 3. In the mandible of the 2nd and 3rd week rats bone remodeling was evident. The 3rd week rats also showed alteration of blood vessel wall.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.320-326
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• 2002

Natto, one of Japanese traditional food is made from steamed whole soybeans fermented with Bacillus natto. In this study, the effects of Natto mucilage- feeding on griwth, organ weight and serum nitrogen compounds of rats were investigated. Male rats in Sprague-Dawley strain were fed on basal diets supplemented with aqueous Natto mucilage of several percentages for 10 weeks. Natto mucilage had no significant effects on the body and organ weights. The levels of GOT, GPT, LDH. and total bilirubin in serum of rats fed Natto mucilage diets were significantly lower than those in the control group ' The levels of total protein and albumin were higher than those in the control group. The level of calcium in serum indicates a growing tendency. but creatinine, uric acid, and BUN had declining. And the most component of free am1no acids in Natto mucilage were glutamin acid.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.79-86
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• 1997

This study was designed to investigate the effects of superovulation on the growing and mature follicles following gonadotrophin treatments in mature rat by immunohistochemical methods. Eighteen mature rats (Sprague-Duwely, 190~230gm) were randomly alloted into 3 groups. One group was control group, another FSH-treated group was injected intramuscularly with 0.5 units of follicular stimulating hormone(FSH) / rat, and third PMS and HCG-treated group was injected intramuscularly with 20~25IU of pregnant mare serum(PMS) / rat and then at the 48 hrs later, with 20~25IU of human chorionic gonadotropin(HCG) / rat. Half the number of rats were administrated intraperitoneally with bromodeoxyuridine(Brdur, 0.2mg/gm BW once) at 2 hours before exanguination and the remainder of rats were sacrified without Brdur administration. The investigation by immunohistochemical methods using paraffin sections of ovaries was performed by using anti-Brdur antibody and PCNA(proliferating cell nuclear antigen) antibody for labeling proliferating cells in follicles. In immunohistochemical findings, follicles squeezed by peripheral corpus luteum or follicles large follicles with loosly and irregularly distributed granulosa cells and although with compacted granulosa cells, middle follicles with dilated round or oval follicular antrum were confirmed as atretic follicles. The proportions of atretic follicles in control group were 29.8%, 21.7% and 14.2% respectivley at large, middle and small follicles and mean proportions of these all 3 grade follicles were 26.7%. The proportions of atretic follicles in FSH-treated group were 35.4%, 24.9% and 10.4% respectively at large, middle and small follicles and mean proportions of these all 3 grade follicles were 28.1%. The proportions of atretic follicles in PMS and HCG-treated group were 44.7%, 24.0% and 12.7% respectively at large, middle and small follicles, and mean proportions of these all 3 grade follicles were 29.7%. The above findings reveal that the group with higher proportion of atretic follicles were ordered as large, middle and small follicles in size, and these proportions were increased in hormone treated two groups with more number of more growing and mature follicles when compared with control group.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.569-577
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• 1992

To study the effects of the age and the dietary protein content on Ca metabolism male rats of 1 month 6 month 12 month of age were fed experimental diets containing 5%, 15% or 50% casein for 4 weeks. Food and ca intake were higher in old rats and in high protein groups. The weight ash and Ca contents of femur and tibia were higher in old rats. The higher dietary protein level resulted in higher skeletal weigh ash and Ca contents. But high protein diet(50% casein) lead to reduced bone mineral density(ash/dry bone weight) and Ca density(Ca/dry bone weight) in 1 month old rats. Low protein diet(5% casein) on the other hand reduced the bone growth even though the bone density was higher in this group. The ill effect of low protein diet was not evident in 12 month old rats. Glomerular filteration rate(GFR) and urinary Ca excretionincreased with age and with dietary protein level especially in 12 month old rats. Serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone(iPTH) level tended to be higher in aged rats but was not affected by dietary protein level except 1 month old rats where 50% protein group showed significantly higher value. This study showed that the dietary protein level seemed to have different effect on Ca metabo-lism in rats of different age., The low bone density in the high protein group of growing rats may be due to the higher iPTH level and increased urinary Ca. The dietary protein level however had no effects on the bone composition in aged rats even though the higher urinary Ca excretion. In conclusion this study suggests that high protein intake from young may lead to less peak bone mass and to increase the bone loss in later years, which would increase the risk for osteporosis.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.431-441
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• 1991

To investigate the influence of age and dietary fat level on the immune function and the growing potential of the fibroblast cells, male rats of 2 month, 6 month and 30 month of age were fed either 6% or 30% fat diet for 16 weeks. The weight of thymus decreased linearly with increasing age. And this age-dependent degeneration of thymus was delayed in rats fed low fat diets. The blastogenesis of spleen lymphocytes to PHA, ConA, and PWM was decreased with increasing age, however, no effect of dietary fat level was observed. The age-related decline in ratios of PHA/ConA response may suggest that T suppressor cell activity increases with age. In cell culture system, lung fibroblast cells from 30M rats showed lower plating efficiency. longer doubling time. and shorter cumulative doubling potential than those from 2M or 6M animals. Also. the morphology of fibroblasts from 30M rats was tended to be rouned rather than flattened and more variable in size and being generally larger. wherease those from 2M and 6M rats were uniform in size and adhered tightly to the culture vessel in ordered arrays. Therefore fibroblast cell culture system tried in this study reflects the changes of cellular aging.