• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.113-128
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• 2001

middle and upper class families, and examine obstacles to their introduction in Korea. Since a few large-scale facilities for the elderly with dementia have been provided for only low-income families free of charge, the necessity of group homes for middle and upper class families willing to pay for such services has become an issue recently in order to lessen the burden on families, as well as to promote the well-being of the dementia victims themselves. The survey was conducted by questionnaires collected from 577 respondents from middle and upper class families. The results of the survey were as follows: The merits of the group homes were 1)decreasing loneliness of the elderly, 2)providing active and stimulating environments allowing for participation everyday life activities, and 3)lessening the emotional and physical burden on the caring families. Potential obstacles to its introduction in Korea were 1)the difficulty of finding sites to build the group home because of the negative perception of people with disabilities and a NIMBY(Not In My Back Yard) reaction to the construction of it and 2)the economic burden on the caring family. Surprisingly, the guilt factor associated with sending the parents into group homes was not considered as a big obstacle. Referring to results of this study, it is asserted that group homes for the elderly with dementia would be embraced throughout the country if Koreans could have the chance to understand what group homes are.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.121-125
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• 2009

The nursing-care insurance system started in April, 2000 in Japan. It was a kind of business opportunities for a lot of private entrepreneurs. They came into this care service business from another type of business rapidly. They opened the pay nursing homes with 24 hour nursing. However, the expense load of the nursing-care insurance system was large, local governments started controlling on total numbers of facilities with 24 hours nursing in 2006. So the group houses besides the pay nursing home without nursing care are paid to attention. The pay nursing home has been often managed by the nursing business. Most of the group houses are managed by community based NPO. This study is a case study by the visit and the interview form for one of the group houses. The group house "Shalom Tsukimino" in Kanagawa started operations comparatively at early time among them. Through the study we recognized that a lot of people were helping the NPO as a community service. So they can manage the group house and people who live there get the services with low cost. They show that they separate residence and nursing and use the community service efficiently. We can find a new direction in this case for the life in elderly.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.346-360
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• 2006

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of home-visiting nutrition education for the elderly with high fasting glucose level in an urban community. The study subjects were 40 elderly people, whose information on general characteristics, anthropometric measurement, biochemical indices, nutrition knowledge, nutrition attitude, dietary habit, food intake and nutrient intake were obtained at baseline. The education group received 6 weekly visits of home-visiting nutrition education from 15 March to 25 April 2004. In the baseline-survey, the education group and non-education group showed no differences in their general characteristics, health-related characteristics, anthropometric measurements, biochemical indices, nutrition knowledge, nutrition attitudes, dietary habits, and food and nutrient intake levels. The difference of mean change of nutrition knowledge, nutrition attitude and dietary habit after home-visiting nutrition education had been studied. The nutrition knowledge score increased by 1.4 in the education group; however, those in the non-education group which increased by 0.4, thus, the differences of mean change were statistically significant (p < 0.05). The nutrition attitude score increased by 1.2 in the education group; however, those in the non-education group decreased by 0.4, thus, the differences of mean change were statistically significant (p < 0.01). The dietary habit score increased by 1.7 in the education group; however, those in the non-education group decreased by 2.8, thus, the differences of mean change were statistically significant (p < 0.01). The difference of mean change of anthropometric indices and biochemical indices in education group and the non-education group was not significant. Looking over the zcereals and their products, vegetables, seaweeds, meats and their products, and fish than the non-education group. The MAR increased by 0.06 in the education group; however, that in the non-education group increased by 0.01, thus, the differences of mean change were statistically significant (p < 0.05). The differences of mean change of fasting blood glucose and biochemical indices after home-visiting nutrition education were studied. Fasting blood glucose decreased by 7.6 mg/dL in the education group; however, in the non-education group which increased by 0.4 mg/dL, the difference of mean change was not significant (p = 0.051). The above findings suggest that home visiting nutrition education increases the nutrition knowledge and nutrition attitude, as well as, it is effective to change dietary habits. If the education period is extended, not fasting blood glucose improvement was insignificant, but fasting blood glucose improvement ability could be found by changing dietary habits.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.92-101
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was conducted to explore the functional status and long-term care services for the community-dwelling low-income elderly. Method: A descriptive research design was used in this study. The functional status of the participants was obtained using Minimum Data Set-Home Care Version 2.0 and the long-term care services were identified via Michigan's choice. Total of 154 persons aged 65 years or older completed Korean Minimum Data Set-Home Care Version 2.0 on the community dwelling low-income elderly. Results: The average of Activities of Daily Living was 4.19, and the range was 0-55, while the average of Instrument of Activities of Daily Living was 4.85 and the range was 0-56. Among the subjects, 46.1% belonged to the Information and Referral group and 1.3% to the Nursing Home group. Severe daily pain was reported by 14.9%, and 76.6% of the participants had impaired vision. The Activities of Daily Living was difference according to living with, education, vision, and depression. The long-term care services differed according to gender, pain, vision, hearing, and depression. Conclusion: The support policy for the elderly needed to focus on impaired visual and depression to enhance the activities of daily living. Moreover, there is a need for the Information and Referral group to arrange and develop nursing intervention resources.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.65-76
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• 2015

With a rapidly aging population, the proportion of elderly households with low income has been increasing. Despite the poor housing environment, it is not easy to improve their housing environment due to the high cost of modification. However, as many elderly want to keep living in their current houses, it is urgent to improve their housing environment. The purpose of this study was to develop the guidelines on home modification for low-income elderly. This study set the scope of home modification categories through literature analysis in advance to develop the guidelines. Based on the literature analysis and small group workshops, the primary and secondary guidelines were derived and a total of 169 final guidelines were produced based on the scope of home modification categories. Those guidelines were composed of the categories by space, divided into mandatory and recommended by details. Those guidelines proposed in this study were classified and composed under the objective standards, so that they were systemic and objective based on the verification of experts. They are considered to get closer to the user's demand on the basis of the demand of low income elderly for home modification and the improvement categories under the system to support home modification for low income elderly at home and abroad. In addition, as the standards to apply each guideline, separated into mandatory and recommended, was suggested, those guidelines may help expand the scope of improvement under the economic conditions for home modification.

• Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.121-128
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was aimed at constructing and examining the effects of a laughter therapy program for elderly patients in long-term care hospitals. Methods: A prospective, two-group quasi-experimental design was used and 50 patients (25 experimental and 25 control group patients) from two long-term care hospitals in Gyeonggido province, South Korea, were study participants. The experimental group received 24 laughter therapy sessions twice a week for 12 weeks, and the control group received laughter therapy after data collection. Data were collected between May 26 and August 17, 2014. Results: The level of cognitive function for the experimental group increased(t=3.27, p=.002). The level of forced vital capacity (t=2.78, p=.008) and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (t=4.94, p<.001) increased among members of the experimental group. Conclusion: These results indicated that the laughter program was effective in improving cognitive and pulmonary functions among older patients who were receiving long-term care in hospitals. This program could be used for community-based elderly patients.

• Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.95-103
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• 2010

Purpose: To examine the effects of a fall prevention exercise program on the community-dwelling elderly. Methods: The nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design involved 16. subjects in the experimental group and 17 in the control group. The experimental group received the fall prevention exercise program for 50 minutes, three times each week for 12 weeks. Results: After program participation, the experimental group of subjects showed significantly higher lower limb strength higher endurance, and higher balance than the control group of subjects. The danger of being injured in a fall was also significantly lower in the experimental group. However, there were no significant differences in body constituent factors, agility, and flexibility between the two groups after the intervention. Conclusion: The 12 week fall prevention exercise program was effective in increasing lower limb muscular strength, endurance, balance, and body strength, and in decreasing the danger status of fall injuries. These results suggest that this fall prevention exercise program could be utilized as an effective nursing intervention modality in elderly persons.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.5-23
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• 2002

Purpose: To determine the effect of the Fall Prevention Program(EPP) on gait, balance and muscle strength in elderly women at a nursing home. Method: The subjects of this consisted of 38 elderly women between the ages of 70 to 89 years living at a nursing home located in Seoul. Each of the experimental group and control group was composed of 19 subjects. The subjects in experimental group have participated in FPP for the 8 weeks which consisted of exercise, education and foot care. They started to exercise for 40 minutes per session, 3 sessions a week during the 1st week at 40% of age adjusted maximum heart rate. From the 2nd week to the 4th week, they increased the duration of exercise to 50 minutes per session and the intensity to 60% of age-adjusted maximum heart rate. They participated in 50 minutes at 60% of age-adjusted maximum heart rate from the 5th week to the 8th week. Each exercise session consisted of 10 minutes of warming-up exercise, 30 minutes of conditioning exercise and 10 minutes of cooling-down exercise. They participated in education for 20 minutes per week from the 1st week to the 4th week. Then they participated in a 30-minute foot care program per week from the 5th week to the 8th week. Gait, balance and muscle strength for each subject were measured before and after FPP. Gait was evaluated by step length, step width, gait speed and walking distance. Balance was measured by the duration of standing on one leg with their eyes closed and open each, and a get-up and go test. Grip strength was measured by hand dynamometer. Hip extensor and flexor strength, knee extensor and flexor strength and ankle plantarflexor and dorsiflexor strength were measured by manual muscle tester. Data was analyzed using SPSS form Windows. t-test and Chi square test were utilized as a homogeneity test. Repeated measure ANOVA was used to test the effect of FPP. Result: 1) Step width significantly decreased, and step length, gait speed and walking distance significantly increased in the experimental group compared with the control group after FPP(p<0.005). 2) There was no significant change in standing time on one leg with their eyes closed after FPP. The standing time on leg with their eyes open and the time of "get-up and go" significantly decreased in the experimental group compared with the control group after FPP(p<0.005). 3) Muscle strength-grip strength, hip extensor and flexor strength-significantly increased in the experimental group compared with the control group after FPP(p<0.005). 4) There was no significant difference of frequency of fall between the experimental group and control group during the period of FPP. Conclusion: These results suggest that FPP can increase gait, balance and muscle strength of elderly women at a nursing home.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.36-49
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• 2000

This study aims to provide the fundamental data for substantial nursing intervention in the elderly through a comparative appreciation on family support, self-esteem, and health status between the institutionalized elderly people and the home-staying ones. The subjects of this study are the institutionalized 108 elderly people of E and C Public Homes and the home-staying 109 elderly ones of O-Nho In Jeong(a kind of public recreational facilities for the aged) over the age of 65. The instruments for this research are based upon the tool(11 items, 5 points for each) for measuring family support developed by Choi, Young Hee(1984), a self-esteem scale done by Rosenberg (1965), the tools(20 items) for checking the health status of the elderly done by Lee, Young-Ja(1989). The sampling for this study has been carried on from July, 2000 until November, 2000. Questionnaire data were drawn up by personal interviews. The analyses of collected data are based on general characteristics calculated at the rate of 100 percentage to the average, t-test, ANOVA(some difference on a level with p<.05 being subsequently confirmed by DMR) for family support, self-esteem and health status, and Pearson Correlation to verify the hypothetical correlation among the subjects' family support, self-esteem and health status. The results of this study are as follows: 1. The difference between two groups in the light of family support, self-esteem and health status. (1) Family support - The rate of the family support that the institutionalized elderly people perceive turned out to be 22.13, that of the home-staying ones 30.99. (2) Self-esteem - The rate of the self-esteem that the former perceives proved to be 25.59, that of the latter 32.28. (3) Health Status - The rate of the health status that the former perceives turned out to be 39.67, that of the latter 51.60. 2. Family support, self-esteem, health status in terms of demographic characteristic (1) Family support - The group of institutionalized elderly people shows a tendency to be chiefly influenced by the death or life of the spouse and the number of the children; the group of the home staying ones to be chiefly influenced by the educational level (2) Self-esteem - The group of institutionalized elderly people shows a tendency to be chiefly influenced by educational level; the group of the home staying ones to be chiefly influenced by the amount of pocket money, the pocket money provider and the family main supporter. (3) Health Status - The group of institutionalized elderly people shows a tendency to be chiefly influenced by educational level; the group of the home staying ones to be chiefly influenced by age, the death or life of spouse, religion, and the educational level. 3. Correlation among family support, self-esteem, and health status The rate of correlation between family support and health status proved to be the highest (r=.549). After came the rate of correlation between health status and self-esteem, which turned out to be(r=.506). The last came the rate of correlation between family support and self-esteem, which proved to be(r=.406). According to this study, there is a conspicuously close correlation among family support, self-esteem, and health status for the elderly. Thus, it would be indispensable to seek out a variety of nursing intervention ways how the elderly could promote family support, self-esteem, and health status.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.345-354
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a low intensity exercise program with telephone coaching on the physical fitness and physiological index of elderly women who are receiving home visiting health program. Methods: This study was conducted using a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The participants were 53 senior citizens. The subjects (15) in experimental group 1 performed only a low-intensity exercise program and the subjects (16) in experimental group 2 performed a low intensity exercise program with telephone coaching for 16 weeks. The low intensity exercise program consisted of muscle strength band exercise, stretching, and hand exercise using balls. Results: There were statistical differences in the right grip strength (p=.030), left grip strength (p=.035), raising behind of right arm (p=.046), raising behind of left arm (p=.045), postprandial blood sugar (p=.021), body mass index (p=.029). Conclusion: The low intensity exercise program with telephone coaching is recommended as a physical fitness and physiological index for elderly women in a home visiting health program.