• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.71-82
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• 2017

Purpose : This qualitative study aimed to determine the health problems and thoughts regarding health promotion of residents of the community. Method : Eighteen residents living in S-gu (local area) located in Busan city and health professionals working in health-related workplaces in the area were selected as participants. Focus groups were extracted and composed, and a focus group interview was conducted for six months from November 2015 to April 2016. Data were analyzed using a phenomenological method outlined by Colaizzi. Result : There were 187 significant statements derived from the data obtained from focus group interviews. These statements were categorized into 33 meaning units based on the researcher's interpretation. Thirteen themes were derived from the derived meaning units and finally categorized into five theme clusters: "People who are trapped in," "Health is what you make yourself," "Pathetic health problems in our community," "Finding solutions to health problems," and "Shortcuts to healthy community." Conclusion : The study results can be applied to the identification of a community health problem and the construction of a long-term health promotion system. In future research, it will be necessary to conduct an experimental study on various programs and approaches for promoting community health, which reflects the solutions to the health problems in the community.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.33-41
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• 2013

As professional postnatal care systems have been rapidly supplied, there is sharp increase of postnatal care centers without legal regulations for a mother and a infant. For the quick recovery of mothers, newborn infants that have weaker immune systems are being managed in group in the postnatal care centers. Recently, the attention of the postnatal care centers has been growing because the problem of pneumonia which led to result in a casuality in a infant unit was happen. So, this research analyzed the indoor environment of infant unit through measuring formaldehyde, carbon dioxide, intensity of illumination. As a result of the data, infant units showed higher concentration of formaldehyde and carbon dioxide than Indoor Air Quality Control Law. Moreover, infant units was measured higher intensity of illumination than the range of optimum illumination for infants.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.178-199
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• 2011

부산 복천동고분군은 4~5세기를 중심연대로 하는 삼국시대 무덤으로 종장판갑이 다량 출토한 고분군으로 널리 알려져 있다. 2006년 복천동 고분 구릉의 동쪽 사면 말단부에 축조된 164 165호분에서 종장판갑 2령이 추가로 조사되었다. 본고에서는 보존처리가 완료된 종장판갑 2령의 내용을 정리하고, 기존 종장판갑 부장 유구와의 비교검토를 통해 4세기대 종장판갑 부장양상에 대해 살펴보았다. 164 165호에서 출토된 종장판갑은 제작기술 속성을 기준으로 IIa형식(型式)인 경주 울산식 판갑으로 분류되며, 종장판갑편년 3단계 중 II단계의 이른 시점으로 편년된다. 부장양상을 살펴보면, 동단계에 속하는 구릉 정상부의 대형분에서는 종장판갑이 2령 이상 복수로 부장되지만, 164 165호에서는 1령씩 단수 부장된다. 따라서 복천동에서 경주 울산식 판갑(I IIa식)이 부장되는 단계에는 분묘의 규모에 따라 부장되는 종장판갑의 수량에 격차가 있음을 알 수 있다. 종장판갑은 지금까지 복천동 고분 구릉 정상부에 위치한 대형무덤에 부장되고 있어 상위계층의 전유물로 생각되어 왔지만, 164 165호분과 같이 무덤의 입지, 규모, 부장유물의 양과 질적인 면에서 중소형분에 속하는 분묘에서도 종장판갑이 부장된 사실이 확인되었다. 164호분은 장단축비가 1:3 이상인 세장방형 목곽묘로 갑옷 및 유구의 형태, 부장유물의 배치 상태 등에서 경주 구정동 3호분, 사라리 55호분 등과 같은 소위 경주식 목곽묘로 볼 수 있다. 반면 부장 토기의 양상은 소위 금관가야식 토기라 불리는 김해지역 토기와 공통되는 점이 주목된다. 4세기대 복천동고분군에서는 분묘의 입지, 규모, 종장판갑의 부장 수량 등에서 분묘간의 격차가 확인된다. 하지만 종장판갑의 부장유무만으로 분묘간의 계층성을 논하기 어려우며, 종장판갑의 부장이 곧 군사력의 장악을 상징하는 것으로 해석하기는 곤란하다. 164호분의 양상에서는 판갑 부장의 지역성, 복천동 분묘의 계층성에 대해 유추해 볼 수 있다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.230-234
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• 1989

The crystal structure of $Ag^+$-exchanged zeolite A vacuum-dehydrated at $370^{\circ}C$ and then treated with carbon monoxide at $$23^{\circ}C$ has been determined by single crystal x-ray diffraction methods in the cubic space group Pm3m at $23^(1){\circ}C$ ; a = 12.116 (2)${\AA}$. The structure was refined to the final error indices $R_1\;=\;0.061\;and\;R_2$(weighted) = 0.068 using 349 independent reflections for which I > 3${\sigma}(I).\;3.6\;Ag_+-CO$ complexes, where -CO may represent -CHO or -$CH_2OH$, were found in each large cavity. By coordination to silver atoms followed by reaction with $Ag^{\circ}and\;H^+$ within the zeolite, carbon monoxide has been partially reduced. In about 28% of the sodalite units, a $Ag_6(Ag^+)_2$ cluster may be present. In about 37% of the sodalite units, three $Ag^+$ ions are found on threefold axes where they may be bridged by three water molecules. The remaining 35% of the sodalite units are empty of silver species. Two $Ag^+$ ions per unit cell are associated with 8-ring oxygens. The remaining ca $$3Ag^+$ ions per unit cell have been reduced during the synthesis and have migrated to form small silver crystallities on the surface of the zeolite single crystal.

• 한국압력기기공학회 논문집
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.31-37
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• 2011

Pressurized Water Reactor Owners Group(PWROG) proposed and applied a risk-informed inservice inspection(RI-ISI) program to alternate existing ASME Section XI periodic inspections. The RI-ISI programs enhance overall safety by focusing inspections of piping at high safety significant(HSS) and locations where failure mechanisms are likely to be present, and by improving the effectiveness on inspection of components because the examination methods are based on the postulated failure mode and the configuration of the piping structural element. The RI-ISI programs can reduce NDE, man-rem exposure, costs of engineering analysis, outage duration and chance of complicating plant operations etc. RI-ISI methods of piping inservice inspection were applied on 3 units(KSNP : Korea Standard Nuclear Power Plant) and are scheduled to apply on the other units. In this paper, we compared and showed the results of the 2 units and we concluded that the RI-ISI application could enhance and maintain plant safety and give unquantifiable benefits.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.111-120
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• 2013

The purposes of this study were to investigate the actual state of the indoor thermal and air environment in general apartment houses during winter in Cheongju City, to analyze the related factors with the indoor thermal and air environment, and to make suggestions for the improvement. A series of visiting field investigation was conducted in twenty units between 28th December, 2010, and 11th March, 2011. The field investigations included the measurement of physical indoor environmental conditions, the observation of architectural characteristics and resident's behavior, and the on-site questionnaire survey of residents. The measured values of each units were compared to evaluation standard and were categorized to group by the difference between units. Factors related to the difference of the measured values between the groups were analyzed. The findings are summarized as followed. The indoor temperature of apartment houses during winter in Cheongju City was generally suitable. The relative humidity was slightly dry, while the $CO_2$ concentration was found to be excessively high. The factors related indoor environment were analysed as heating operation, ventilation, gas range use, and hanging out the wash to dry in indoors.

• ALGAE
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.111-120
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• 2009

Choosing an appropriate sample unit is a fundamental decision in the design of ecological studies. While numer-ous methods have been developed to estimate organism abundance, they differ in cost, accuracy and precision.Using both field data and computer simulation modeling, we evaluated the costs and benefits associated with twomethods commonly used to sample benthic organisms in temperatc kelp forests. One of these methods, theTargeted Sampling method, relies on different sample units, each "targeted" for a specific species or group ofspecies while the other method relies on coefficients that represent ranges of bottom cover obtained from visual esti-mates within standardized sample units. Both the field data and the computer simulations suggest that both meth-ods yield remarkably similar estimates of organisnm abundance and among-site variability, although the Coefficientmethod slightly underestimates variability armong sample units when abundances are low. In contrast, the twomethods differ considerably in the effort needed to sample these communities; the Targeted Sampling requiresmore time and twice the persormel to complete. We conclude that the Coeffident Sampling metliod may be bettcrfor environmental monitoring programs where changes in mean abundance are of central conccm and resources arelimiting, but that the Targeted sampling methods may be better for ecological studies where quantitative reIation-ships among species and small-scale variability in abundance are of central concern.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.703-714
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• 2021

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: A dietary restriction on the intake of fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAPs) has been reported to be effective in the treatment of gastrointestinal (GI) tract complications. Enteral nutrition (EN) is widely used for patients who cannot obtain their nutritional requirements orally, but many studies have reported EN complications, especially diarrhea, in up to 50% of patients. SUBJECTS/METHODS: We performed a single-center, non-randomized, controlled trial to determine the effects of a low-FODMAP enteral formula on GI complications in patients in intensive care units (ICUs). Patients in the ICU who needed EN (n = 66) were alternately assigned to the low-FODMAP group (n = 33) or the high-FODMAP group (n = 33). RESULTS: Anthropometric and biochemical parameters were measured, and stool assessment was performed using King's Stool Chart. We excluded patients who received laxatives, GI motility agents, proton pump inhibitors, antifungal agents, and antibiotics other than β-lactams. There were no differences in GI symptoms during 7 days of intervention, including bowel sound, abdominal distension, and vomiting between the 2 groups. However, diarrhea was more frequent in the high-FODMAP group (7/33 patients) than the low-FODMAP group (1/33 patients) (P = 0.044). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that a low-FODMAP enteral formula may be a practical therapeutic approach for patients who exhibit enteral formula complications. Our study warrants further randomized clinical trials and multicenter trials.

• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
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• 고려인삼학회 1978년도 학술대회지
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• pp.43-49
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• 1978

This study was devised to observe the cytotoxic activity of extracts of Panax ginseng root against some cancer cells and to purify the crude extract. Three kinds of cancer cells(leukemic cells L5178Y, HeLa cells and Sarcoma 180 cells) and mouse embryo cells (as normal cells) were used for this study. The ginseng roots were extracted with petroleum ether in soxhlet apparatus, and the crude extracts were purified by the silicic acid column chromatography and thin-layer chromatography methods. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. Eight to ten mg of the petroleum ether extract (crude extract) were obtained from 1 g of Panax ginseng root, and its activities per mg were about 1,000 units. 2. Doubling time of the L5178Y cells was increased to two fold by 24 hours incubation in culture medium containing about one ${\mu}g$ of extract per ml, and eight and ten folds higher concentration of ginseng extract were required for the Sarcoma 180 cells and HeLa cells, respectively, than for the leukemic cells(L5178Y) to inhibit the cellular growth to the same degree. 3. When the L5178Y cells were exposed to medium containing various concentration of the extract for 24 hours before initiation of the soft agar cloning procedure, about $99\%$ of the L5178Y cells were killed at concentration of 8 units per ml. 4. The growth rate of mouse embryo cell (as normal cell) was not affected by the culture with media containing various amounts (1.45 to 30.0 ${\mu}g/ml$) of the extract. 5. The crude extract could be purified about four times by silicic acid column chromatography using several solvent systems, and one spot of active compound could be obtained on the thin-layer chromatogram. 6. In the Swiss mice inoculated with Sarcoma 180 cells, a survival time of the experimental group (injection group of active compound) was extended more. 1.5 to 2.0 times than the control group's(no injection group).

• ETRI Journal
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.365-376
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• 2008

This paper presents the design and implementation of a hyperelliptic curve cryptography (HECC) coprocessor over affine and projective coordinates, along with measurements of its performance, hardware complexity, and power consumption. We applied several design techniques, including parallelism, pipelining, and loop unrolling, in designing field arithmetic units, group operation units, and scalar multiplication units to improve the performance and power consumption. Our affine and projective coordinate-based HECC processors execute in 0.436 ms and 0.531 ms, respectively, based on the underlying field GF($2^{89}$). These results are about five times faster than those for previous hardware implementations and at least 13 times better in terms of area-time products. Further results suggest that neither case is superior to the other when considering the hardware complexity and performance. The characteristics of our proposed HECC coprocessor show that it is applicable to high-speed network applications as well as resource-constrained environments, such as PDAs, smart cards, and so on.