• 지질공학
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.469-483
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• 2020

지하수의 장기적인 수위 및 수질 관측 결과는 기후변화를 비롯한 다양한 재해의 영향 평가 및 대응 수립에 있어 중요한 자료로 활용될 수 있을 뿐 아니라 지진과 같은 지질학적 재난의 예측과 관리에도 기초적인 자료로 활용될 수 있다. 그러나 장기적인 모니터링을 통해 지진 예측과 지진으로 인한 지하수위와 수질 변동 사례를 평가한 국외와 달리 국내에서는 용존 이온의 변화와 같은 지진 전후 관측된 개별 수질 요소의 변화와 관련한 보고 사례가 적다. 이 연구에서는 지하수 수질 이상 변동의 기준을 설정하기 위해 포항시 신광면과 흥해읍에 존재하는 14개 농업용 관정에서 2018년 7월부터 5회에 걸쳐 지하수를 채취하여 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 신광면에서는 Ca2+가, 흥해읍에서는 Na+가 우세한 것으로 나타났다. 농업 활동의 영향으로 보이는 NO3-의 우세가 신광면 지하수에서 나타났으며, 흥해읍의 한 관정에서는 음용수 기준을 100배 가까이 초과하는 높은 농도의 Fe가 검출되었다. 기반암과 퇴적 특징 차이에서 수반된 유속 차이와 물-암석 반응의 결과로 신광면에 비해 흥해읍의 지하수에서 상대적으로 높은 용존 이온 농도가 관측되었다. 물-암석 상호 반응을 고려할 때, 신광면의 지하수는 대부분 화강암과 규산염 풍화작용의 영향을, 흥해읍은 주로 규산염과 탄산염 풍화작용의 영향을 받았을 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구를 통해 신광면과 흥해읍의 지하수 배경 농도를 파악하였으며, 계절적으로 변이가 큰 관정에 대해서는 지속적인 모니터링을 수행할 필요가 있을 것으로 보인다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2004년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.472-472
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• 2004

Numerous studies on urban groundwater have been carried out in many other countries. Urban groundwater shows a unique hydrologic system because of complex urban characteristics such as road pavement, sewers and public water supply systems. These urban facilities may change the characteristics of groundwater recharge but contaminate its quality as well. There have been several researches on urban groundwater in Seoul. Seoul has been industrialized very rapidly so that the city has large population. The recent population in Seoul amounts to more than ten millions, corresponding to a very high density of about 17, 000 people/km$^2$. Therefore, many factors affect the groundwater quality and quantity in Seoul. Nowadays, groundwater in Seoul is being extracted for construction, industrial use, and drinking and so on. There are 15, 714 wells in Seoul and its annual usage is 41, 425, 977m$^3$(in 2001). Therefore, systematic studies are needed to properly manage and use the groundwater in Seoul. The purposes of this study in progress are to identify geochemical characteristics of groundwater in Seoul and to determine the extent of groundwater contamination and its relationship with urban characteristics. For this study, groundwater was sampled from more than 400 preexisting wells that were randomly selected throughout the Seoul area. For all samples, major cations together with Si, Al, Fe, Pb, Hg For 200 samples among them, TCE, PCE, BTEX were also analyzed by GC. Our study shows that groundwater types of Seoul are distributed broadly from Ca-HCO$_3$ type to Ca-Cl＋NO$_3$ type. The latter type indicates anthropogenic contamination. Among cations, Ca is generally high in most samples. In some samples, Na and K are dominant. The dominant anions change widely from HCO$_3$ to Cl＋NO$_3$. The anion composition is considered to effectively indicate the contribution of distinct anthropogenic sources. In addition, major ions are positively proportional to total dissolved solid (TDS) except K and NO$_3$. Thus, we consider that TDS may be used as an effective indicator of the extent of pollution. However, the increase of TDS may result from increased water-rock interaction. To determine the extent of groundwater contamination, it is needed to figure out the baseline water quality in Seoul. Furthermore, detailed geochemical studies are required to find out pollution sources and their corresponding hydrochemical parameters.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2004년도 임시총회 및 추계학술발표회
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• pp.119-120
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• 2004

Urban groundwater has a unique hydrologic system because of the complex surface and subsurface infrastructures such as deep foundation of many high buildings, subway systems, and sewers and public water supply systems. It generally has been considered that increased surface impermeability reduces the amount of groundwater recharge. On the other hand, leaks from sewers and public water supply systems may generate the large amounts of recharges. All of these urban facilities also may change the groundwater quality by the recharge of a myriad of contaminants. This study was performed to determine the factors controlling the recharge of deep groundwater in an urban area, based on the hydrogeochemical characteristics. The term ‘contamination’ in this study means any kind of inflow of shallow groundwater regardless of clean or contaminated. For this study, urban groundwater samples were collected from a total of 310 preexisting wells with the depth over 100 m. Random sampling method was used to select the wells for this study. Major cations together with Si, Al, Fe, Pb, Hg and Mn were analyzed by ICP-AES, and Cl, N $O_3$, N $H_4$, F, Br, S $O_4$and P $O_4$ were analyzed by IC. There are two groups of groundwater, based on hydrochemical characteristics. The first group is distributed broadly from Ca-HC $O_3$ type to Ca-C1+N $O_3$ type; the other group is the Na+K-HC $O_3$ type. The latter group is considered to represent the baseline quality of deep groundwater in the study area. Using the major ions data for the Na+K-HC $O_3$ type water, we evaluated the extent of groundwater contamination, assuming that if subtract the baseline composition from acquired data for a specific water, the remaining concentrations may indicate the degree of contamination. The remainder of each solute for each sample was simply averaged. The results showed that both Ca and HC $O_3$ represent the typical solutes which are quite enriched in urban groundwater. In particular, the P$CO_2$ values calculated using PHREEQC (version 2.8) showed a correlation with the concentrations of maior inorganic components (Na, Mg, Ca, N $O_3$, S $O_4$, etc.). The p$CO_2$ values for the first group waters widely ranged between about 10$^{-3.0}$ atm to 10$^{-1.0}$ atm and differed from those of the background water samples belonging to the Na+K-HC $O_3$ type (<10$^{-3.5}$ atm). Considering that the p$CO_2$ of soil water (near 10$^{-1.5}$ atm), this indicates that inflow of shallow water is very significant in deep groundwaters in the study area. Furthermore, the P$CO_2$ values can be used as an effective parameter to estimate the relative recharge of shallow water and thus the contamination susceptibility. The results of our present study suggest that down to considerable depth, urban groundwater in crystalline aquifer may be considerably affected by the recharge of shallow water (and pollutants) from an adjacent area. We also suggest that for such evaluation, careful examination of systematically collected hydrochemical data is requisite as an effective tool, in addition to hydrologic and hydrogeologic interpretation.ion.ion.