• Advances in environmental research
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.45-69
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• 2014

The groundwater has been a major source of water supply throughout the ages. Around 50% of the rural as well as urban population in the developing countries like India depends on groundwater for drinking. The groundwater is also an important source in the agriculture and industrial sector. In many parts of the world, groundwater resources are under increasing threat from growing demands, wasteful use and contamination. A good planning and management practices are needed to face this challenge. A key to the management of groundwater is the ability to model the movement of fluids and contaminants in the subsurface environment. It is obvious that the contaminant source activities cannot be completely eliminated and perhaps our water bodies will continue to serve as receptors of vast quantities of waste. In such a scenario, the goal of water quality protection efforts must necessarily be the control and management of these sources to ensure that released pollutants will be sufficiently attenuated within the region of interest and the quality of water at points of withdrawal is not impaired. In order to understand the behaviour of contaminant transport through different types of media, several researchers are carrying out experimental investigations through laboratory and field studies. Many of them are working on the analytical and numerical studies to simulate the movement of contaminants in soil and groundwater of the contaminant transport. With the advent of high power computers especially, a numerical modelling has gained popularity and is indeed of particular relevance in this regard. This paper provides the state of the art of contaminant transport and reviews the allied research works carried out through experimental investigation or using the analytical solution and numerical method. The review involves the investigation in respect of both, saturated and unsaturated, porous media.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.31-39
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• 1997

Between 40,000 and 60,000 liters of light oil were spilled when an underground pipe broke at a newly constructed landfill site in coastal area, Korea. Methods were presented to examine the subsurface distribution of the contaminants in hydrocarbon-contaminated soil. As results, large quantities of oil and grease were found to have migrated horizontally at the site. Oil and grease plume at concentrations of 38-88 mg/kg was formed horizontally through silty sand with gravel fill and the vertical movement of the contaminants was thought to be limited to groundwater level between 2 and 4 m corresponding to sea water level. Right after finding the leakage area, the early action of excavation and pumping out the mixture of groundwater and oil was taken and it was proved to be very effective for preventing further contamination. Two months after the leakage, oil and grease in sea water sample near contaminated area was not detectable.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2004년도 임시총회 및 추계학술발표회
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• pp.258-261
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• 2004

In this study, the combined electrokinetic and ultrasonic remediation technique onto simple soil flushing was studied for the enhancement of water and liquid flows and the removal of contaminants in contaminated soils. The ultrasonic technique has been used to increase liquid flow and remove pollutants in contaminated soil. The laboratory soil flushing tests combined electrokinetic and ultrasonic technique were conducted using specially designed and fabricated devices to determine the effect of these both techniques. A series of laboratory permeability experiments involving the simple, electrokinetic, ultrasonic, and electrokinetic & ultrasonic flushing test were carried out. A soil admixed with sand and kaolin was used as a test specimen, and Pb and ethylene glycol were used as contaminants. An increase in out flow, permeability and contaminant removal rate was observed in electrokinetic and ultrasonic flushing tests.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2004년도 임시총회 및 추계학술발표회
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• pp.269-272
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• 2004

The use of colloidal gas aphron (CGA), as an external oxygen carrier, provides a promising alternative to promote aerobic bioremediation of BTEX in the subsurface environment. CGA is a stable bubble supported by three surfactant layers and can supply oxygen below the soil surface uniformly due to its plug-flow characteristic. Since CGA has a hydrophobic layer that can act as a partitioning medium for hydrophobic contaminants it is known to facilitate desorption of soil-sorbed contaminants. In addition, bioaugmentation and biostimulation are possibly achieved by using CGA when generated from a solution containing BTEX-degrading microorganisms and appropriate nutrients. In this study, we presented the physico-chemical characteristics of CGA generated from a solution composed of microorganisms and nutrients. The applicability of CGA as an in situ aerobic bioremediation technology of BTEX will be further evaluated.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.283-288
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• 2020

This study investigated the purification process of groundwater contaminated with zinc and arsenic using a permeable reactive barrier with a zero-valent iron/pumice mixture. We determined the removal rates of the contaminants for 30 days. In this study, column reactor filled with the zero-valent iron/pumice reactive mixture was used. Experimental results showed that the mixture exhibited an almost complete removal of the zinc and arsenic ions. Arsenic was removed via co-precipitation and adsorption processes while zinc ions were asorbed in active sites.The purification process of water from the metal ionscontinued for 30 days with constant hydraulic conductivity because of the enhanced porosity of the pumice and interparticle distance between the zero-valent iron and pumice. Contaminants removal rates and the remediation mechanism for each reactive system are described in this paper.

• 대한지하수환경학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.9-13
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• 1995

대수층과 하천이 상호 연결된 시스템에서 분산오염원이 대수층에 유입될 때, 이송·분산 방정식의 Monte Carlo 수치실험을 이용하여 수리전도도 및 분산오염원 농도의 공간변화가 지하수유출 농도의 시간 변화에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 그리고 공간 분포모형과 공간 적분모형의 비교·분석을 통하여, 모형구 조가 간단한 공간 적분모형의 분산오염원 문제에 대한 적용 가능성을 검토하였다.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 1995년도 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.238-244
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• 1995

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2006년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.394-397
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• 2006

Hydrogeologic and hydrochemlcat conditions of two uncontrolled landfills without reliable underlying liners, leachate collection and treatment systems were compared. With similar weather conditions, spatial distribution and temporal variations of contaminants of concern and redox parameters were different for the two landfills. These differences are highly associated with ages and hydrogeologic settings of the landfills. Groundwater flow diverges from the Cheonan landfill while it converges to downgradient area in the Wonju landfill. Less permeable clayey silt layer or silty soil in the subsurface limited dispersion of leachate plume in the former landfill but highly permeable sandy soil with good lateral extent facilitated rapid plume dispersion in the latter landfill. In addition, hydraulic properties of the cover soil played a role in the different development of redox conditions, which resulted in significantly different concentrations of nitrates. Most problematic contaminants at downgradient wells of the landfills are ammonia and nitrate.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.631-645
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• 2004

본 연구는 DRASTIC 기법과 지하수 자료를 이용하여 창원시의 공단지역과 주거상업지역의 지하수 오염취약성을 평가하였다. DRASTIC 기법은 원래 오염원이 지표에 있으며 강우의 침투와 함께 오염물질이 지하수로 유입되는 조건에 적용시켰었다. 공단지역은 대체로 주거상업지역보다 높은 DRASTIC 평가지수를 가진다. 그러나, 주거상업지역 중 용지동지역은 연구지역 중에서 가장 낮은 DRASTIC 평가지수를 가짐에도 불구하고 지하수 오염정도가 높다. 이러한 사실은 도시지역의 지하수 오염이 과잉양수와 이에 따른 지하수위 하강과 밀접하게 관련된다는 것을 지시한다. 각 동별 최소 DRASTIC 평가지수와 먹는물 수질 부적합의 상관계수는 0.4로서 비교적 낮다. 그러나, 각 동별 최소 DRASTIC 평가지수와 지하수 사용량의 상관계수는 0.70이고, 각 동별 최소 DRASTIC 평가지수와 지하수 공 분포밀도의 상관계수는 0.87로서 높게 나타난다. 따라서, 도시지역에서 지하수 오염취약성을 평가하기 위해서는 기존의 DRASTIC 평가요소뿐만 아니라 지하수 사용량과 지하수 공 분포 밀도와 같은 인위적인 요소도 함께 고려하는 것이 필요하다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2001년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.85-88
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• 2001

Since mountainous area has access restrictions for field work, assessors need to establish a conceptual model of the contamination prior to the field investigation. In this study we established a conceptual model of the contamination based on site inspection and geological survey, followed by the field investigation for the petroleum spill site. In the conceptual model, we estimated that tile contamination should have spread by groundwater and topographical characteristics within the top soil layer. The spread of contamination through rock was not considered in the conceptual model due to impermeable characteristics of metasyenite. The contaminated environmental media of the petroleum spill site include soil and groundwater. According to the analysis result of the contamination, the volume of contaminated soil is estimated approximately 4, 150 cubic meters (7, 055 ton) with most contaminants existing along the groundwater flow within top soil layer.