• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.19-34
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• 2019

The present study obtained universal mathematical models of all elements and characteristics regarding hook and line fishing systems. To describe the hook and line fishing systems on site we used three kinds of coordinate systems: the earth based coordinate system, natural coordinate system, and flow (velocity) coordinate system. Mathematical models presented in this article allow us to define the shape of the fishing gear, the tension of the rope at different points, hydrodynamic resistance, diameter of the hook's wire, immersion depth of the fishing hooks, distance from hooks to the ground and the required lifting force of the floats. These models allow for the performance of computer simulations regarding any kinds of hook and line gears in still water or water where flow occurs.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제80권5호
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• pp.523-538
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• 2021

The mechanical behaviour and stability of coal mining engineering underground is significantly affected by ground water. In this study, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI) technique was employed to determine the water distribution characteristics in coal specimens during saturation process, based on which the functional rule for water distribution was proposed. Then, using discrete element method (DEM), an innovative numerical modelling method was developed to simulate water-weakening effect on coal behaviour considering moisture content and water distribution. Three water distribution numerical models, namely surface-wetting model, core-wetting model and uniform-wetting model, were established to explore the water distribution influences. The feasibility and validity of the surface-wetting model were further demonstrated by comparing the simulation results with laboratory results. The investigation reveals that coal mechanical properties are affected by both water saturation coefficient and water distribution condition. For all water distribution models, micro-cracks always initiate and nucleate in the water-rich area and thus lead to distinct macro fracture characteristics. With the increase of water saturation coefficient, the failure of coal tends to be less violent with less cracks and ejected fragments. In addition, the core-wetting specimen is more sensitive to water than specimens with other water distribution models.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2020년도 학술발표회
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• pp.172-172
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• 2020

In recent years, soil erosion has come to be regarded as an essential environmental problem in human life. Soil erosion causes various on- and off-site problems such as ecosystem destruction, decreased agricultural productivity, increased riverbed deposition, and deterioration of water quality in streams. To solve these problems caused by soil erosion, it is necessary to quantify where, when, how much soil erosion occurs. Empirical erosion models such as the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) family models have been widely used to make spatially distributed soil erosion vulnerability maps. Even if the models detect vulnerable sites relatively well by utilizing big data related to climate, geography, geology, land use, etc. within study domains, they do not adequately describe the physical process of soil erosion on the ground surface caused by rainfall or overland flow. In other words, such models remain powerful tools to distinguish erosion-prone areas at the macro scale but physics-based models are necessary to better analyze soil erosion and deposition and eroded particle transport. In this study, the physics-based Surface Soil Erosion Model (SSEM) was upgraded based on field survey information to produce sediment yield at the watershed scale. The modified model (hereafter MoSE) adopted new algorithms on rainfall kinematic energy and surface flow transport capacity to simulate soil erosion more reliably. For model validation, we applied the model to the Doam dam watershed in Gangwon-do and compared the simulation results with the USLE outputs. The results showed that the revised physics-based soil erosion model provided more improved and reliable simulation results than the USLE in terms of the spatial distribution of soil erosion and deposition.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.41-55
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• 2024

There are obvious differences between the characteristics of offshore ground motion and onshore ground motion in current studies, and factors such as water layer and site conditions have great influence on the characteristics of offshore ground motion. In addition, unlike seismic response analysis of offshore superstructures such as sea-crossing bridges, tunnels are affected by offshore soil constraints, so it is necessary to consider the dynamic interaction between structure and offshore soil layer. Therefore, a seismic response analysis model considering the seawater, soil layer and tunnel structure coupling is established. Firstly, the measured offshore and different soil layers onshore ground records are input respectively, and the difference of seismic response under different types of ground motions is analyzed. Then, the models of different site conditions were input into the measured onshore bedrock strong ground motion records to study the influence of seawater layer and silt soft soil layer on the seabed and tunnel structure. The results show that the overall seismic response between the seabed and the tunnel structure is more significant when the offshore ground motion is input. The seawater layer can suppression the vertical seismic response of seabed and tunnel structure, while the slit soft soil layer can amplify the horizontal seismic response. The results will help to promote seismic wave selection of marine structures and provide reference for improving the accuracy of seismic design of immersed tunnels.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.27-34
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• 1998

우물수원의 보호구역의 범위를 결정하기 위해서 GIS를 이용한 지하수 모의모형ㅇ과 Arc/Info의 Grid 함수를 이용하였다. GIS를 이용한 지하수 모형은 Arcview GIS를 사용하여 모형의 시간변화를 고려하고 자료의 입력 및 조작, 모의, 결과의 표시 등을 GIS내에 통합한 모형으로 개발하였다. 모형을 적용하기 위해 미국환경의 자료를 사용하였으며 적용시킨 결과 지하수 모형에서 계산된 수두 분포와 우물의 영향권을 계산한 값이 본 논문에서 계산한 값과 거의 비슷한 값을 나타내어 모형의 타당성을 검증하였다. 본 모형은 GIS내에서 모든 처리가 이루어지므로 우물수원의 보호구역의 범위를 설정하는데 효율적인 방법이 될수 있을 것이다.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2015년도 학술발표회
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• pp.238-238
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• 2015

There are demands for water environmental analysis of discharge processes in paddy fields, however, it is not fully understood in nutrients discharge process for watershed modeling. As hydrological processes both surface and ground water and agricultural water managements are so complex in paddy fields, the development of lowland paddy fields watershed model is more difficult than upland watershed model. In this research, the improvement of SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model for a paddy watershed was conducted. First, modification of surface inundated process was developed in improved pot hole option. Those modification was evaluated by monitoring data. Second, the monitoring data in river and drainage channel in lowland paddy fields from 2012 to 2014 were analyzed to understand discharge characteristics. As a case study, Imbanuma basin, Japan, was chosen as typical land and water use in Asian countries. In this basin, lowland paddy fields are irrigated from river water using small pumps that were located in distribution within the watershed. Daily hydrological fluctuation was too complex to estimate. Then, to understand surface and ground water discharge characteristics in irrigation (Apr-Aug) and non-irrigation (Sep-Mar) period, the water and material balance analysis was conducted. The analysis was composed two parts, watershed and river channel blocks. As results of model simulation, output was satisfactory in NSE, but uncertainty was large. It would be coming from discharge process in return water. The river water and ground water in paddy fields were exchanged each other in 5.7% and 10.8% to river discharge in irrigation and non-irrigation periods, respectively. Through this exchange, nutrient loads were exchanged between river and paddy fields components. It suggested that discharge from paddy fields was not only responded to rainfall but dynamically related with river water table. In general, hydrological models is assumed that a discharge process is one way from watershed to river. However, in lowland paddy fields, discharge process is dynamically changed. This function of paddy fields showed that flood was mitigated and temporally held as storage in ground water. Then, it showed that water quality was changed in mitigated function in the water exchange process in lowland paddy fields. In future, it was expected that hydrological models for lowland paddy fields would be developed with this mitigation function.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.481-497
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• 2010

The shaking table tests were conducted on two small-scale models (Model 1 and Model 2) to examine the earthquake-induced damage of a concrete gravity dam, which has been planned for the construction with the recommendation of the peak ground acceleration of the maximum credible earthquake of 0.42 g. This study deals with the numerical simulation of shaking table tests for two smallscale dam models. The plastic damage constitutive model is used to simulate the crack/damage behavior of the bentonite-concrete mixture material. The numerical results of the maximum failure acceleration and the crack/damage propagation are compared with experimental results. Numerical results of Model 1 showed similar crack/damage propagation pattern with experimental results, while for Model 2 the similar pattern was obtained by considering the modulus of elasticity of the first and second natural frequencies. The crack/damage initiated at the changing point in the downstream side and then propagated toward the upstream side. Crack/damage accumulation occurred in the neck area at acceleration amplitudes of around 0.55 g~0.60 g and 0.65 g~0.675 g for Model 1 and Model 2, respectively.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.48-54
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• 2007

본 논문에서는 전자과도현상 해석 프로그램인 ATPDraw를 이용한 사례연구로써 인체에 전격이 가해지는 순간의 과도현상을 해석하였다. 사례연구를 위한 2가지 전격 모델은 최악의 환경을 조성하고자 수중에서 발생하는 것으로 가정하였으며, 첫째, 인체가 수중에서 전원설비의 노출 충전부에 접촉하였을 경우와 둘째, 인체의 수족이 수중에서 동시에 대지에 접촉하는 경우를 모델링하였다. 모델링 후 각 사례에 대해 인체의 각 부위에서의 계산된 전압, 전류를 비교하여 전격 순간의 과도현상을 해석하였다. 첫 번째 모델에 대한 해석 결과, 인체가 수중 노출충전부에 촉수시 순간적인 과도현상이 발생하며, 이때의 전압, 전류는 촉수 전후보다 현저히 증가되는 것을 확인하였다. 그러나 이 현상은 지속시간이 매우 짧아 통전전류와 시간의 적이 안전한계 이내임을 감안할 때, 수용가의 상용전압에서의 전격의 영향은 그다지 크지 않을 것으로 사료된다. 두 번째 모델에서는 인체의 수족이 대지에 동시에 접촉했을 경우, 접촉 순간 인체에 유기되는 전압의 크기는 전반적으로 감소되었으나, 가슴 부위를 통과하는 전류량이 급증하였다. 그러나 그 크기가 작고 지속시간이 짧아 인체에 미치는 전격의 영향은 미미할 것으로 사료된다. 결국 두 경우 모두 전압의 크기, 인체 임피던스에 따라 전격의 영향이 좌우될 것으로 판단된다.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.163-179
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• 2014

Dynamic test with scaled model of a group of intake towers was performed to study the dynamic interaction between water and towers. The test model consists of intake tower or towers, massless foundation near the towers and part of water to simulate the dynamic interaction of tower-water-foundation system. Models with a single tower and 4 towers were tested to find the different influences of the water on the tower dynamic properties, seismic responses as well as dynamic water-tower interaction. It is found that the water has little influence on the resonant frequency in the direction perpendicular to flow due to the normal force transfer role of the water in the contraction joints between towers. By the same effect of the water, maximum accelerations in the same direction on 4 towers tend to close to each other as the water level increased from low to normal level. Moreover, the acceleration responses of the single tower model are larger than the group of towers model in both directions in general. Within 30m from the surface of water, hydrodynamic pressures were quite close for a single tower and group of towers model at two water levels. For points deeper than 30m, the pressures increased about 40 to 55% for the group of towers model than the single tower model at both water levels. In respect to the pressures at different towers, two mid towers experienced higher than two side towers, the deeper, the larger the difference. And the inside hydrodynamic pressures are more dependent on ground motions than the outside.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.66-73
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• 2017

Empirical erosion models like Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) models have been widely used to make spatially distributed soil erosion vulnerability maps. Even if the models detect vulnerable sites relatively well utilizing big data related to climate, geography, geology, land use, etc within study domains, they do not adequately describe the physical process of soil erosion on the ground surface caused by rainfall or overland flow. In other words, such models are still powerful tools to distinguish the erosion-prone areas at large scale, but physics-based models are necessary to better analyze soil erosion and deposition as well as the eroded particle transport. In this study a physics-based soil erosion modeling system was developed to produce both runoff and sediment yield time series at watershed scale and reflect them in the erosion and deposition maps. The developed modeling system consists of 3 sub-systems: rainfall pre-processor, geography pre-processor, and main modeling processor. For modeling system validation, we applied the system for various erosion cases, in particular, rainfall-runoff-sediment yield simulation and estimation of probable maximum sediment (PMS) correlated with probable maximum rainfall (PMP). The system provided acceptable performances of both applications.