• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.699-708
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• 2006

Ground rice, barley and corn were fed separately to the ruminally cannulated Hanwoo (Korean native cattle) for comparing their in situ and in vitro degradabilities, microbial growth, pH and gas production. It has been found that nearly all the dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) in barley and rice disappeared during 24 hr suspension in the rumen, but those in corn were only reduced by around 67%. Water soluble DM and OM fractions(‘a’), ranked from highest to lowest was corn, then rice and finally barley, but the order was reversed for content ‘b’, degradable fraction during time ‘t’. Judging by the degradation parameter of ‘b’ fraction, degradation rates per hour of DM and OM for barley were 38.3% and 37.2% respectively, significantly higher than those for rice (7.7% and 5.6%) and corn (4.1% and 1.3%). In general, results obtained from in vitro degradability of DM and OM were lower than those from in situ trials, but the ranking order of degradability was in agreement between both trials. In particular, ground rice has relatively lower in vitro microbial growth than corn or barley, but exhibited higher gas production. In addition, in vitro microbial growth of ground rice increased with up to 12 hr of incubation period, thereafter experienced a decrease with extended incubation time. pH of in vitro solution of rice decreased following 9 hr of incubation but gas production increased rapidly during the same period. From the results of DM and OM degradabilities and pH changes of in vitro solution with incubation time, it is concluded that rice represents a good source of energy for stability of rumen fermentation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 1990.05a
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• pp.50-51
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• 1990

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.65 no.5
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• pp.633-644
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• 2018

This paper presents the results of an assessment of the seismic fragility of a long, curved multi-frame bridge under multi-support earthquake excitations. To achieve this aim, the numerical model of columns retrofitted with elliptical steel jackets was developed and validated using existing experimental results. A detailed nonlinear numerical model of the bridge that can capture the inelastic response of various components was then created. Using nonlinear time-history analyses for a set of stochastically generated spatially variable ground motions, component demands were derived and then convolved with new capacity-based limit state models to obtain seismic fragility curves. The comparison of failure probabilities obtained from uniform and multi-support excitation analyses revealed that the consideration of spatial variability significantly reduced the median value of fragility curves for most components except for the abutments. This observation indicates that the assumption of uniform motions may considerably underestimate seismic demands. Moreover, the spatial correlation of ground motions resulted in reduced dispersion of demand models that consequently decreased the dispersion of fragility curves for all components. Therefore, the spatial variability of ground motions needs to be considered for reliable assessment of the seismic performance of long multi-frame bridge structures.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.152-157
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• 2004

Physicochemical characteristics of rice milled by newly designed abrasive milling machine were studied. Crude protein and crude lipid contents were 7.81∼8.50% and 1.07∼0.95%, respectively, and they showed a tendency to decrease with milling times. However, they showed higher values than that of polished rice. Major fatty acids of crude lipid were palmitic acid, oleic acid, and linoleic acid. Whiteness of tested samples was higher than brown rice but lower than polished rice. The remain rate of rice germ of four pass-through and polished one time sample (FPS) was 39.33%, and it was higher than that of polished rice (4.00%). One thousand grain weight of samples over than three pass-through was significantly different from brown rice (p<0.05). FPS had smooth surface similar to polished rice and it showed some residual rice germ by scanning electron microscopy. Sensory evaluation showed that the taste of three pass-through rice, four pass-through rice, and FPS was not significantly different from polished rice, whereas their color, odor, texture, and overall acceptability had lower score than polished rice but higher than brown rice. Therefore, we estimate that rice ground over three pass-through by newly designed abrasive milling machine might be a good source having nutritive value.

• Magazine of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.115-125
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• 1999

The purpose of this experimental research is to investigate the properties of workability and strength of the concrete containing admixtures such as silica fume, fly ash, ground granulated blast-furnace slag, and rice husk ash. For this purpose, the workability and the strength of the concrete containing each admixture were tested and analyzed according to the unit weight of binder and the replacement ratio of each admixture. As a result, considering their workability and strength, the existence of minimum binder weight and optimum replacement ratio of concrete containing admixture to plain concrete were obtained for each admixture.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.337-343
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• 2016

The present study aimed to determine the influence of various root restriction media on seedling quality and early growth of strawberry after transplanting. The root activity of the seedlings, measured 20 days after fixation, was considerably higher (0.096, 0.090, and $0.063mg{\cdot}g^{-1}{\cdot}h^{-1}$ at 420, 450, and 480 nm, respectively) in expanded rice hull (ERH) treatment than in the sandy loam and loamy sand treatments. The volumetric water content (VWC) of the root media tested across 3 irrigation regimes (15 d, 30 d, 45 d) in the nursery field was highest in sandy loam (65.0-66.8%), followed by 59.4-61.3% in loamy sand and 38.6-45.3% in ERH. When growth parameters of runner plantlets were compared, ERH treatment was found to result in the highest crown thickness and fresh weights of root and above-ground parts. This had a favorable influence on above-ground tissue growth after transplanting to plastic house soil. As mentioned above, ERH treatment resulted in the highest seedling quality and early growth after transplanting. The results of this study would serve as useful on-site data for the production of high-quality strawberry seedlings.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.57-65
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• 2017

In a column experiment with low rank coal, rice straw was additionally supplied to induce methane gas generation by microorganisms in the state of supplying microorganisms and nutrients, and long-term biogas production characteristics were observed. When the weight ratio of the rice straw to coal was 0.04 or less, there was no significant gas generation. At 0.08, the biogas was generated for about 90 days. However, the methane gas generation was only 5% compared with the vial test result at optimum condition. Therefore, in order to produce biogas in the coal deposit in situ, a reactor that operates at COD concentration of 2000 mg/L or more at a ratio of 1:3 or more of rice straw to coal should be installed on the ground or under the ground. Liquid from the column filled with coal and rice straw and a liquid from vial containing rice straw were analyzed by microbial community analysis using pyrosequencing method, and compared the dominant microbial species among the two samples. In terms of the uniformity and diversity of the bacteria, the coal-filled column showed various species distribution, which has shown to be a disadvantageous microbial distribution to methane production.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.569-575
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• 1982

Mechanical properties of rice plants were tested to determine compressive force, bending force, tensile force and shear force for improvement of harvesting machines and for efficient utilization of rice culm during the proper harvesting period. Rice varieties used in this study were two Japonica varieties with Irri 348 and Jinju, and two $Indica{\times}Japonica$ hybrids with Seogwang and Taebaeg, which were grown in the standard fertilization field of Chungnam Rural Development Office. Also Jinju and Taebaeg were tested to elucidate the shearing characteristics which included shear force-strain relationship, shear force and shear energy according to the position from the ground level, the shearing angle to the rice culm, and the moisture content. 1. Compressive force, bending force, tensile force and shear force were higher In Japonica varieties than $Indica{\times}Japonica$ hybrids. 2. Shear force to overall culm length decreased progressively to upper positions in Jinju variety but a constant shear force was approximately showed between the ground level and the position of 21cm in Taebaeg variety. 3. Shear force and shear energy increased with increase of the cross sectional area, and the rates of increase were high in general up to the cross sectional area of $10mm^2$ and then they became dull very much. 4. Shear force and shear energy decreased with decrease of moisture content of rice culm after cutting up to the moisture content of 60% (w. b.) and then they did not change significantly.

• Mycobiology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.150-157
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• 2005

The fungal flora decomposing rice straw were investigated all over the soil of Sharkia Province, east of Nile Delta, Egypt, using the nylon net bag technique. Sixty-four straw-decomposing species belonging to 30 genera were isolated by the dilution plate method in ground rice straw-Czapek's agar medium at pH 6. The plates were incubated separately at $5^{\circ}C,\;25^{\circ}C\;and\;45^{\circ}C$, respectively. Twenty nine species belonging to 14 genera were isolated at $5^{\circ}C$. The most frequent genus was Penicillium (seven species), and the next frequent genera were Acremonium (three species), Fusarium (three species), Alternaria, Chaetomium, Cladosporium, Mucor, Stachybotrys (two species) and Rhizopus stolonifer. At $25^{\circ}C$, 47 species belonging to 24 genera were isolated. The most frequent genus was Aspergillus (nine species), and the next frequent genera were ranked by Penicillium (five species), Chaetomium (three species), Fusarium (three species). Each of Alternaria, Cladosporium, Mucor, Myrothecium and Trichoderma was represented by two species. At $45^{\circ}C$, 15 species belonging to seven genera were isolated. These were seven species of Aspergillus, two species of Chaetomium and two species of Emericella, while Humicola, Malbranchea, Rhizomucor and Talaromyces were represented by one species respectively. The total counts of fungi the genera, and species per gram of dry straw were significantly affected by incubation temperature and soil analysis (P < 0.05).

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.10-12
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• 2003

This study was to monitor changes of leaf area index (LAI) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), calculated from ground-based remotely sensed high resolution reflectance spectra, during rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. TNG 67) growth so as to determine their relationships and the optimum time period to use these parameters for yield prediction. Field experiments were conducted at the experimental farm of TARI to obtain various scales of grain yield and values of LAI and NDVI in the first and the second cropping seasons of 2001-2002. It was found that LAI and NDVI can be mutually estimated through an exponential relationship, and hence plant growth information and spectral remote sensing data become complementary counterparts through this linkage. Correlation between yield and LAI was best fitted to a nonlinear function since about 7 weeks after transplanting (WAT). The accumulated and the mean values of LAI from 15 days before heading (DBH) to 15 days after heading (DAH) were the optimum time period to predict rice yield for First Crops, while values calculated from 15 DBH to 10 DAH were the optimal timing for Second Crops.