• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.821-827
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of three kinds of horticultural activities (HAs) on attention concentration of elementary students. We selected 20 students using a Wee Class counseling office at J elementary school in Yeongcheon, and divided them into experimental and control groups composed of ten students each. The experimental group participated in three HAs including flower arrangement, planting, and pressed flower. Each HA was composed of three sessions and a session proceeded for a week. For the examinations of attention concentration, two groups responded the questionnaires before a week of the first session and at the end of the 9th session, only the experimental group participated in the measurement using grid by Harris before a week of the first session and at the end of each HA every week. The results of questionnaire survey showed that the scores of problem in emotion and problem in controlling, and the total score decreased 9.2, 7.8, and 19.0 points, respectively (P < 0.05), indicating that the attention concentration of the experimental group improved compared with the control. In the measurements using grid by Harris, the flower arrangement, planting, and pressed flower activities increased the scores by 2.22, 2.49, and 2.41 points compared with the pre-HA of 6.00, respectively (P < 0.05), that means the improvements of attention concentration. At the post-HAs, the flower arrangement, planting, and pressed flower activities increased the scores by 1.12, 1.39 and 1.31 points compared with the control group of 7.10, respectively (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the indoor HAs improved the attention and concentration of elementary students irrespective of kind of activities.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.2606-2626
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• 2022

In this paper, a unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) access deployment algorithm is proposed, which is based on an improved virtual force model to solve the poor coverage quality of UAVs caused by limited number of UAVs and random mobility of users in the deployment process of UAV base station. First, the UAV-adapted Harris Hawks optimization (U-AHHO) algorithm is proposed to maximize the coverage of users in a given hotspot. Then, a virtual force improvement model based on user perception (UP-VFIM) is constructed to sense the mobile trend of mobile users. Finally, a UAV motion algorithm based on multi-virtual force sharing (U-MVFS) is proposed to improve the ability of UAVs to perceive the moving trend of user equipments (UEs). The UAV independently controls its movement and provides follow-up services for mobile UEs in the hotspot by computing the virtual force it receives over a specific period. Simulation results show that compared with the greedy-grid algorithm with different spacing, the average service rate of UEs of the U-AHHO algorithm is increased by 2.6% to 35.3% on average. Compared with the baseline scheme, using UP-VFIM and U-MVFS algorithms at the same time increases the average of 34.5% to 67.9% and 9.82% to 43.62% under different UE numbers and moving speeds, respectively.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.133-141
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• 2017

Objectives : As of 2013, South Korea ranked number one in the world in smartphone penetration rate with 67.6%. Unfortunately, with the rise of smart phone use, side effects such as fraud, loss of personal information, identity theft, formation and widening of a mobile information gap, and last, but not least, smart phone addiction, also increased. Methods : Seventh (7th)graders from a girls' junior high school in Seoul, the capital of South Korea, we reevaluated the Smart phone Addiction Proneness Scale (S-scale). Among the 9 students classified as high risk users, 5 were randomly selected for a study group, and the remaining 4 students, meanwhile, were designated as a control group. The study group received Korean medicine music therapy (KMMT) in a total of 8 sessions, each session lasting 50 minutes. Both pre- and post-interventions, the two groups completed the S-scale, Harris and Harris' concentration grid exercise, STAI, and STAXI-K. We analyzed the data by t-test and paired t-test using IBM SPSS Statistics. Results : KMMT had a significant influence on proneness to smart phone addiction (t=3.130, p=.035). KMMT had positive effects on concentration improvement (t=-2.935, p=.043), trait-anxiety symptoms improvement (t=2,992, p=.040), and anger-expression control (t=4.416, p=.012). Conclusions : KMMT had positive, improving effects on trait anxiety and anger expression, which in turn enhanced the improvement of concentration as well as the decrease of smart phone-addiction proneness.