• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.152-159
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• 1990

Four active strains, producing siderophore and antagonizing to soil plant disease fungi, were isolated and identified from the wheat rhizosphere to reduce the injurious effects of continuous cropping and study on the biological control. The obtained results were summerized as follow. 1. Four strains of fluorescent Pseudomonas were isolated from the wheat rhizosphere and identified as Pseudomonas fluorescens Biotype A(Ps-1,2,5) and Biotype B(Ps-3) That strains inhibitied growth of R. solani, F.oxysperum and F. solani in vitro 2. Optical density of pigment was maximum at 410nm. 3. Siderophore production by identified strains was decreased with addition of $Fe^{+3}$, although not decreased with addition of $Fe^{+2}$ 4. Pigment of Ps-1, 2 and 3 strain inhibitied growth of R. slani, F. oxysperum and F. solani but pigment of Ps-5 strain did not inhibitie growth of R. solani 5. Effect of inoculation was in order of Ps-2, 1, 5 and 3 strain through the dark culture method, and effect of Ps-1 and Ps-2 was greater than that of treatment of captan 50ppm.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.105-111
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• 2003

Balanced intake of appropriate nutrients is the key to sustaining and promoting health as well as preventing and treating diseases. It is not always easy, however, to take balanced nutrition and various related factors must be taken into consideration. This report provides a summary of studies that have examined the nutrient intakes of Japanese middle-aged men and the relationship of this intake to drinking, job-related separation from families, and health practices. The alcohol consumption of Japanese middle-aged men has more than tripled in the last forty years. When nutrient intake was examined in relation to alcohol consumption, it was discovered that the maximum acceptable alcohol consumption was approximately 23 grams (about two drinks) of pure alcohol, provided the level of nutrient intake for drinkers was equal to that of non-drinkers. The alcohol energy ratio was approximately 5％. It was also discovered that middle-aged men's eating habits deteriorate when they relocate to new posts without their families and live by themselves. Compared to those living with their families, a higher proportion of those living alone have unfavorable eating habits including skipping breakfast or lunch, having a late lunch, and eating and drinking after dinner until bedtime. When Breslow's seven health practices, nutrient intake, and consumption weight by food group were examined, it was discovered that the group that had many beneficial eating and living habits consumed plenty of legume, pulses, fruit, green yellow vegetables and milk products. Their intake of vitamins and minerals was high and the results of a physical examination proved to be excellent. According to nutrition surveys conducted in Japan, China, the United Kingdom and the United States using a 24-hour recall method with common protocols and strict controls to ensure high levels of accuracy and cross-study validity, the Japanese had the highest cholesterol intake and the lowest dietary fiber intake among the four countries. Also, the alcohol energy ratio of the Japanese exceeded 8％, the highest among the four countries, while their intake of magnesium and iron was the lowest These results indicate that it is necessary to enhance nutritional education for middle-aged men and to reinforce the social environments in which they live and work in order to promote proper diet and nutrition in Japan. (J Community Nutrition 5(2) : 105-111, 2003)

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1994

This study was carried out to investigate the changes in volatile constituents concerning with the flavor of the green ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) during storage in underground pit ($15^{\circ}C$, RH 95%). And the constituents of essential oil of etiolated shoots formed on the mother rhizomes during the five months storage in the dark under same conditions were compared with those of mother rhizomes. The essential oils of Korean domestic ginger (Bong-dong cultivar) were isolated by simultaneous steam distillation and extraction method (SDE). Then the compositions of the essential oils were analysed by GC and GC-MS spectrometry. The major compounds of essential oil from the fresh rhizomes were zingiberene, $citronellol+{\beta}-sesquiphellandrene$, ${\beta}-phellandrene$, camphene, geranial, ${\gamma}-bisabolene$, ar-curcumene+geranyl acetate, ${\alpha}-pinene$, ${\beta}-gurjunene$, limonene and neral. The content of monoterpene hydrocarbons increased with a concomitant lowering in the amounts of sesquiterpene hrdrocarbons and oxygenated sesquiterpenes during storage of rhizomes although contents of the oxygenated monoterpens changed little or slightly during the storage. During the storage the content of such monoterpenes as camphene, ${\beta}-phellandrene$ and citral (neral and geranial) increased whereas the content of such sesquiterpenes as zingiberene and $citronellol+{\beta}-sesquiphellandrene$ decreased. The composition of shoot oil differed from that of mother rhizome oil in having higher content of terpene hydrocarbons and also in the higher content of bornyl acetate, ${\beta}-gurjunene$ and ar-curcumene+geranyl acetate and lower in citral (neral and geranial).

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.117-128
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• 2004

The influence of different feeding rates of three green algae on growth and reproduction in four Korean cladocera, Daphnia sp., Daphnia obtusa, Moina macrocopa, and Simocephalus vetulus was investigated. The growth and reproduction rates of Daphnia sp. fed Chlorella vulgaris cells were significantly increased than those of daphnid fed Senedesmus subspicatus and Selenastrum carpricornutum. The total offsprings of Daphnia sp. fed $25\times10^4$ and $50\times10^4$ cells Chlorella vulgaris for 21days were $124{\pm}2.8$ and $168{\pm}22.1$, respectively. The Daphnia obtusa fed $25\times10^4$ and $50\times10^4$ cells Selenastrum carpricornutum was shown good reproduction rates, $72.2{\pm}7.9$ and $79.6{\pm}22.9$, respectively. The Moina macrocopa fed $25\times10^4$ and $50\times10^4$ cells Senedesmus subspicatus as well as Simocephalus vetulus and $25\times10^4$ and $50\times10^4$ cells Chlorella vulgaris were shown good reproduction rates. All of algae tested were sufficient as a good diet for Korean Cladocerans in this study. However, the preferred alga was Chlorella vulgaris and the optimal feeding concentrations were $2.5\times10^5\sim5\times10^5$ cells/mL, because the alga was shown most stable and generally high production rates in all cladocerans tested.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.339-345
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• 2018

We investigated the curing properties of cured coatings for a multi-focal UV-LED. The coatings are for LEDs that operate at multiple UV wavelengths, unlike conventional single-wavelength UV-LEDs. Using UV-LED light sources with wavelengths of 365, 395, 420, and 450 nm, we analyzed the optical characteristics such as the direction of light flux and light source. We also analyzed the curing characteristics at each UV-LED wavelength to optimize the LED for composite wavelengths. The curing performance state was predicted through computer simulation for when the multiple wavelengths of UV light sources are superimposed, and then actual LEDs were designed and fabricated. To improve the internal high-speed curing, a multi-spot module was fabricated, in which each LED is condensed, and multiple wavelengths are synthesized and condensed at the same position. The adhesive strength, surface hardness, and internal hardness of the curing agent were tested by varying the wavelength combination conditions. The surface hardening and internal hardening were compared and analyzed using a hardness tester and FT-IR analyzer. As a result, the characteristics of the surface and internal hardness were improved by a multi-spot method in which four wavelengths were overlapped in a UV-LED rather than a single wavelength.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.378-384
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• 2000

This Study has been carried out to develop a method of analysis of 8 permitted synthetic food colors [including Brilliant Blue FCF(B1), Indigocarmine (B2), Fast green FCF(G3), Amaranth (R2), Erythrosine (R3), Allura red (R40), Tartrazine (Y4), Sunset Yellow FCF (Y5)] in Korean foods by HPLC. After adjusting to 0.5% HCl, each of the food colors extracted was eluted by Sep-pak $C_{18}$ cartridge. Eluates were then determined by high performance liquid chromatograph with a UV-VIS detector. Recoveries of the 8 synthetic food colors were found to be 81.2-98.0% for soft drinks, 80.6-96.1% for candy, 79.8-96.3% for chewing gum, 76.5-91.7% for cereals, 79.9-93.8% for ice cream and 78.6-94.7% for jelly, respectively. The detection limits were $0.05-0.1{\mu}g/g$.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.22 no.12
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• pp.31.1-31.12
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• 2019

Background: The black-chinned tilapia, Sarotherodon melanotheron, is the most abundant fish species in the Nakwa (an open lagoon) and Brenu (a closed lagoon) in the Central Region of Ghana. Aspects of the life history characteristics and the ecology of the fish populations in both lagoons were studied to assess the bio-ecological status of this important resource. Methods: Fish samples were obtained from fishermen that fish on the Nakwa and Brenu lagoons using cast, drag and gill nets. The age of the fish was assessed from otoliths analysis and its growth modelled following the von Bertalanffy growth function. Morphometric characteristics of the fish populations were analysed using power regression and ANOVA for parameters comparisons, and Student's t test to determine whether species grew isometrically. The percentage occurrence method was used to analyse the stomach contents of the fish. Results: A total of 382 fish samples from both lagoons were measured, comprising 209 from Nakwa lagoon and 176 from Brenu lagoon. The size and weight of fish samples ranged between 3.9-11.5 cm total length and 1.0-27.3 g for Nakwa Lagoon and 5.6-12.8 cm total length and 3.2-29.8 g for the Brenu Lagoon. The estimated von Bertalanffy growth parameters were L∞ = 12.04 cm and K = 2.76/year for the Nakwa Lagoon samples and L∞ = 13.44 cm and K = 3.27/year for Brenu Lagoon samples. Daily otolith incremental rate ranged from 0.01-0.03 mm per day to 0.01-0.02 mm per day for Nakwa and Brenu lagoons, respectively. Stomach content analysis of the fish samples revealed that the species are planktivorous and the range of food varied between the lagoons. Green algae were the most prevalent food item in the stomachs of the fish samples from Nakwa with the frequency of 69% whilst diatoms (80.5%) were most prevalent phytoplanktonic food item for the fish in Brenu lagoon. Conclusions: The estimates of asymptotic length for the species in both lagoons are close to known values of the species length at first sexual maturity and points to intensive fishing pressure. As a consequence, a comprehensive sample-based survey is required in both lagoons to derive estimates of management reference points. The results of the stomach content analysis are beneficial to the construction of diet matrix for ecosystem models of the two systems.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.428-438
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• 2008

Choline is important for normal membrane function, acetylcholine synthesis and methyl group metabolism. In this study, 185 food items customarily eaten by Koreans were selected from the data of the 2001 Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey and analyzed on the total choline content of the foods using enzymatic method of choline oxidase. Foods with high choline concentration (mg/100 g) were listed in sequence of quail egg (476.04 mg), dried squid (452.42 mg), beef liver (427.16 mg), pork liver (424.92 mg), tuna canned in oil (414.44 mg), boiled and dried anchovy (381.30 mg), dried Alaskan pollack (378.88 mg), chicken egg (309.88 mg), chicken liver (259.38 mg), soybean (238.62 mg), French bread with garlic (193.18 mg) and barley (183.73 mg). From this result, it is shown that dried fishes, prepared fishes, livers, eggs, pulses and cereals might be categorized as high choline food. Citron tea and green tea showed low choline content below 1 mg. Vegetables and fruits were also categorized into low choline food. No choline was detected in red pepper powder, beer, soju, soybean oil and corn oil out of foods analyzed in this study. Further study is required for analytic procedure of the foods of which results are inconsistent with USDA's data such as rice and wheat flour.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.96-102
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• 2013

Obesity, an intractable metabolic disease, currently has no medical treatment without side effects, so studies have been actively carried out to find natural compounds that have anti-obesity activity with minimum side effects. In this study, the anti-obesity effects of water extracts of seven Capsicum annuum L. varieties being Putgochu (Pca), Oyee gochu (Oca), Kwari putgochu (Kca), Green pepper (Gca), Yellow paprika (Yca), Red paprika (Rca) and Cheongyang gochu (Cca), were examined through the evaluation of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) mRNA expression level in 3T3-L1 cells (mouse pre-adipocytes). After capsaicin elimination by chloroform defatting, freeze-dried powder of Cca was treated to 3T3-L1 cells and anti-obesity effects were examined by determining the LPL mRNA level using the RT-PCR method. Of the primary fractions, only proven fractions underwent secondary and tertiary refractionating to determine anti-obesity effects. From seven different Capsicum annuum L., there was a significant decrease of the LPL mRNA expression level of 50.9% in Cca treatment compared to the control group. A significant decrease of the LPL mRNA expression level was shown in primary fractions (Fr) 5 (36.2% decrease) and 6 (30.5% decrease) of the Cca water extracts. Due to the impurities checked by UPLC chromatography, Fr 5 and 6 were refractionated to determine the LPL mRNA expression level. Treatment of Fr 6-6 (35.8% decrease) and Fr 5-6 (35.3% decrease) showed a significant decrease in the LPL mRNA expression level. When analyzed using UPLC, major compounds of Fr 6-6 and Fr 5-6 were very similar. Subsequently, we refractionated Fr 6-6 and Fr 5-6 to isolate the major peak for structure elucidation. Treatment of Fr 5-6-1 (26.6% decrease) and Fr 6-6-1 (29.7% decrease) showed a significant decrease in the LPL mRNA expression level. Consequently, the fractions may have a possibility to ameliorate obesity through the decrease of the LPL mRNA expression level.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.71-76
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• 2008

Purpose: A simple and efficient method to prepare nanocrystalline ZnO thin film with pure strong UV emission on soda-lime-silica glass substrates by low-temperature annealing was improved. Methods: Crystal structural, surface morphological, and optical characteristics of nanocrystalline ZnO thin films deposited on soda-lime-silica glass substrates by prefiring final annealing process at 300$^{\circ}C$ were investigated by using X-ray diffraction analysis, field emission-scanning electron microscope, scanning probe microscope, ultraviolet-visible-near infrared spectrophotometer, and photoluminescence. Results: Highly c-axis-oriented ZnO films were obtained by prefiring at 300$^{\circ}C$. A high transmittance in the visible spectra range and clear absorption edge in the ultra violet range of the film was observed. The PL spectrum of ZnO thin film with a deep near band edge emission was observed while the defect-related broad green emission was nearly quenched. Conclusions: Our work will be possibly adopted to cheaply and easily fabricate ZnO-based optoelectronic devices at low temperature, below 300$^{\circ}C$, in the future.