• 대기
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.437-449
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• 2010

The relocation effect of observation station (REOS) on the homogeneity of seasonal mean of maximum and minimum temperature, diurnal temperature range (DTR) and relative humidity (RH) was investigated using surface observation data and document file. Twelve stations were selected among the 60 stations which have been operated more than 30 years and relocated over one time. The data from Chunpungryeong station were used as a reference to separate the impacts of station relocation from the effects caused by increased green house gases, urbanization, and others. The REOS was calculated as a difference between REOS of relocated station and REOS of reference station. Although the REOS is clearly dependent on season, meteorological elements, and observing stations, statistically significant impacts are found in many stations, especially the environment of observing station after relocation is greatly changed. As a result, homogeneity of seasonal mean of meteorological elements, especially DTR and RH, is greatly reduced. The results showed that the effect of REOS, along with the effect of urbanization, should be eliminated for the proper estimation of climate change from the analysis of long-term observation data.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.351-362
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• 2012

일기 산출기 모형은 가상의 일기 자료를 생성하는 통계 모형이다. 본 연구는 시공간 상관성이 고려된 다중지점에서의 일기산출 모형을 제안하고, 온실가스 배출 미래 시나리오에 따라 강수량과 평균 기온 일기산출이 가능한 알고리즘을 개발하였다. 제안된 알고리즘은 다단계 일반화 선형모형 하에서 필요한 모수들을 추정하고, 적합된 모형 하에서 일기변수들을 랜덤하게 산출하는 절차이다. 과거 30년간 관측된 우리나라 4대강 유역의 일 강수량 자료와 평균 기온 자료를 가지고 모형을 적합하고, 미래 일별 일기자료 산출에 적용하였다.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2013

Fungal biotechnology has been well established in food and healthcare sector, and now being explored for lignocellulosic biorefinery due to their great potential to produce a wide array of extracellular enzymes for nutrient recycling. Due to global warming, environmental pollution, green house gases emission and depleting fossil fuel, fungal enzymes for lignocellulosic biomass refinery become a major focus for utilizing renewal bioresources. Proteomic technologies tender better biological understanding and exposition of cellular mechanism of cell or microbes under particular physiological condition and are very useful in characterizing fungal secretome. Hence, in addition to traditional colorimetric enzyme assay, mass-spectrometry-based quantification methods for profiling lignocellulolytic enzymes have gained increasing popularity over the past five years. Majority of these methods include two dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry, differential stable isotope labeling and label free quantitation. Therefore, in this review, we reviewed more commonly used different proteomic techniques for profiling fungal secretome with a major focus on two dimensional gel electrophoresis, liquid chromatography-based quantitative mass spectrometry for global protein identification and quantification. We also discussed weaknesses and strengths of these methodologies for comprehensive identification and quantification of extracellular proteome.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.5-9
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• 2016

현대의 집적된 산업 사회에서 자정능력을 초과하여 발생하는 막대한 양의 유기성폐자원은 수질, 토양, 대기 등 총체적인 환경오염을 유발하는 처리 곤란 물질로 전락하였고, 화석연료의 지속적인 사용에 따른 온실가스의 방출은 지구온난화를 촉진시켰다. 개발된 회분식 공정을 적용하는 음식물쓰레기 수소발효에서, 세계 최초로 수소 전환율과 초기 및 운전 pH와의 관계를 수학적으로 표현하였고, 동시에 최적화하였다. 최적 초기 및 운전 pH는 각각 7.50, 6.01이었다. 축산폐수를 음식물쓰레기의 수소발효에 보조기질로 첨가 시 pH 제어를 위해 요구되는 알칼리량을 감소시킴과 동시에 수소발생률도 크게 증대시킬 수 있음을 관찰할 수 있었다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2004

$CO_2$ is a well-known green house gas as well as the major source of global warming. Many researchers have studied to reduce $CO_2$ emission in combustion processes. Among the method for reducing $CO_2$ emission, oxygen-enriched combustion has been proposed. Because its adiabatic flame temperature is relatively too high, existing facilities must be changed or the flame temperature in the combustion zone should be reduced. The combustion characteristics, composition in the flame zone, temperature profile and emission gases were investigated experimentally for the various oxygen-enriched ratios(OER) by the addition of $CO_2$, under constant $O_2$ flow rate. Results showed that the reaction zone was quenched and broadened as the addition of $CO_2$ was increased. The emission of NOx in flue gas was decreased as decreasing temperature in reaction zone. It was also shown that the reaction was delayed by the cooling effect. As the addition of $CO_2$ was increased, the composition of CO in the flame zone was increased due to the increase of reaction rate by increasing mixing effect of oxidant/fuel at OER=0％, but the composition of CO was decreased by quenching effect at OER=50％ and 100％.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.1389-1394
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• 2003

$CO_2$ is a well-known green house gas, which is the major source of global warming. Many researchers have studied to reduce $CO_2$ emission in combustion processes. Among the method for reducing $CO_2$ emission, oxygen-enriched combustion has been proposed. But the adiabatic flame temperature is too high. So existing facilities must be changed, or the adiabatic flame temperature in the combustion zone should be reduced. The combustion characteristics, composition in the flame zone, temperature profile and emission gases were studied experimentally for the various oxygen-enriched mtios(OER) by addition of $CO_2$ under coustant $O_2$ flowrate. Results showed that the reaction zone was quenched, broadened, as addition of $CO_2$ was increased. Temperature has a large effect on the NOx emission. The emission of NOx in flue gas decreased due to the decreased temperature of reaction zone. It was also shown that the reaction was delayed by the cooling effect. As the addition of $CO_2$ was increased, the composition of CO in the flame zone increased due to the increase of reaction rate by increasing mixing effect of oxidant/fuel at OER=0, but the composition of CO decreased by quenching effect at OER=50 and 100%.

• 한국환경과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경과학회 2003년도 International Symposium on Clean Environment
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• pp.5-10
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• 2003

This paper explores not only emerging scientific problems but also the difficulties communicating air quality issues into an increasingly sensitive the public and policy arena. The public understanding and trust in air pollution information and indices may be very different to the notions of validity or accuracy that are important for a scientist. We operate in a world where openness requires us to reveal both the difficulties and disagreements in our understanding of the polluted atmosphere. Yet this can be confusing and increase complexity in situations where clear political and social decisions are required. I am going to examine these issues, starting with questions of what substances we regard as pollutants and the difficulties of getting the correct balance of concern given the broadening the base of chemicals emitted to the environment. There are also questions of exposure particularly in terms of vulnerable populations, who may spend large amounts of time indoors, where air is rarely monitored. In contemporary society there are pollution problems that extend far beyond urban areas and we have to consider regional issues such as windblown dusts, smoke from forest fires along with issues of the emission of green house gases and ozone depleting substances. Finally I will discuss the issues of communicating with a concerned public and sceptical politicians and the troubling interface between technological and sociological control. Such complexity is often missed in a maze of seemingly stronger political and social needs.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.49-58
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• 2009

Non-edible vegetable oils instead of edible vegetable oils as a substitute for diesel fuel are getting a renewed attention because of global reduction of green house gases and concerns for long-term food and energy security. Out of various non-edible vegetable oils, karanja, mahua, linseed, rubber seed and cotton seed oils are selected in this study. A brief review of recent works related to the application of the above five vegetable oils and its derivatives in CI engines is presented. The production technologies of biodiesel based on non-edible vegetable oils are introduced. Problems in vegetable oil or biodiesel fuelled CI engine are included. In addition, future works related to spray characteristics of non-edible vegetable oil or biodiesel from it are discussed. The biodiesel fuel, irrespective of the feedstock used, results in a decrease in the emission of hydrocardon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), particulate matter (PM) and sulphur dioxide ($SO_2$). It is also said to be carbon neutral as it contributes no net carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. Only oxides of nitrogen (NOx) are reported to increase which is due to oxygen content in the biodiesel fuel. The systematic assessment of spray char-acteristics of neat vegetable oils and its blends, neat biodiesel and its blends f3r use as diesel engine fuels is required.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.2455-2462
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• 2008

Global warming has become one of the most important social responsibilities. After Kyoto protocol for greenhouse gas reduction by climatic change convention came into effect, developed countries are presenting various policies to reduce greenhouse gas that is produced in transport field. One of those policies is modal shift that change from road freight to sea, inland waterway and railway transportation that is eco-friendly. Because increase of road freight brings about road congestion and accident, logistics cost, air pollution and green house gases. Railways are superior to all other modes of transport in mass transportability, high speed, timeliness, safety and environmental-friendliness, but the railway industry has been pushed behind in competition. In developed country's government actively promoted relevant legislation, policies, and countermeasures known as modal shift policies to shift freight transport from road to large volume mode such as railway and ship. In this paper, we discuss the current situation in modal shift, compare it with cases in other countries EU and Japan, identify problems in Korea, and propose the following ways to enhance competitiveness of rail freight.

• 멤브레인
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.121-142
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• 2002

본 총설에서는 지구온실기체인 배가스내의 이산화탄소의 분리기술중 가장 잠재성이 큰 막분리기술에 관해 기술하였다. 고분자막에 대한 기체투과(용해확산)이론과 이산화탄소/질소의 물리적인 특성을 배경으로, 많은 문헌에서 발표된 고분자소재의 투과데이터를 분석하고 이를 통해 고분자막의 물리화학적인 구조와 이산화탄소/질소의 투과선택성의 상관관계를 설명하였다. 상업적으로 기체분리에 가장 널리 사용되는 중공사막모듈의 및 분리막공정의 동향에 대해 소개하였다. 마지막으로 국내외에서 발표된 이산화탄소/질소 분리막에 대한 현재까지의 연구동향과 앞으로의 전망에 대해 기술하였다.