• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.241-256
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• 2006

Aversion to wind is a feeling of cold when exposed to wind; aversion to cold is a feeling of cold. The distinction between aversion to wind and aversion to cold is ambiguous because in greater yang disease the two terms seem to be used indiscriminately. It is, however, worth noting that "aversion to wind" does not occur in the lines presenting disease of the three yin. In this text, we render as "heat effusion" rather than "fever," since the Chinese term is somewhat wider in meaning than familiar English term, Heat effusion is associated with many conditions and occurs both in externally contracted disease and miscellaneous disease (雜病), disease due to causes other than external evils). In externally contracted disease of the three yang channels, heat effusion is a manifestation of the struggle between right qi and evil qi; it does not necessarily indicate the presence of evil heat. In diseases of the three yin, right qi is not strong enough to counter evil qi; hence heat effusion is absent, and instead only aversion to cold is present. Sweating occurs in a variety of patterns. A distinction is made between spontaneous and night sweating(自汗). Spontaneous sweating is so called because it occurs spontaneously without exertion. it has numerous causes. Night sweating(盜汗) is sweating during sleep that ceases on awakening.

• 한국의사학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.23-41
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• 2010

Greater yang disease(太陽病) is a syndrome induced by peripheral obstruction. One of them is "wind stroke(中風)" with the obstruction in lymphatic system. The other obstruction appearing on circulatory system is called "cold damage(傷寒)." Kyejitang(桂枝湯) is the formula prescribed for greater yang wind stroke pattern(太陽中風證) which is caused by peripheral lymphatic duct obstruction. Ramulus Cinamoni acts as a vasodilator and Radix Paeoniae relieves the abdominal tension. They make blood move to the internal organ and this can remove the retention of peripheral lymphatic system. Covering the patient with a blanket and getting him/her to have hot and thin rice gruel causes slight Diaphoresis, contributing to relieving the retention of lymphatic system. Disharmony between nutrient and defense(營衛不和) means that pressure becomes different between lymphatic system and vascular system. Kyejitang(桂枝湯) is called releasing muscles formula(解肌劑) because it can resolve such pressure difference. Diaphoresis is not a means to eliminate pathogenic qi(邪氣) from the body. That is the syndrome proving that the body fluid has moved around when disordered fluid distribution is corrected. Therefore, diaphoresis should be induced weakly all the time. If diaphoresis is induced excessively, body fluid will move more than desired and then illness cannot be cured. In Sanghanlun(傷寒論), dispersing drugs aim at addressing the retention in the exterior field, but it actually applies to the entire exterior and interior to make body fluid move. Therefore, diaphoresis does not just act on exterior field, and freeing the stool does not only apply to interior field. Distribution of body fluid changed by pathogenic qi(邪氣) influences the whole body because the human body has a closed circulatory system. Sanghanlun(傷寒論) has included treatments for pathogenic disease. However, its value should not be limited to pathogenic disease. It is because controlling blood flow by sending body fluid to the place a doctor wants is certainly worth using for treatment of non-exogenous disease or chronic illnesses.

• 대한상한금궤의학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.111-119
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• 2021

Objectives: This case study aimed to report the effect of Sihogyejigungang-tang (SGGT) on headache with dyspepsia based on the disease pattern identification diagnostic system (DPIDS) based on the Shanghanlun provisions. Methods: According to the DPIDS based on the Shanghanlun provisions, the patient was diagnosed with Greater Yang Disease Chest Bind and treated with SGGT. The results of treatment were evaluated by a numerical rating scale (NRS), the Korean Headache Impact Test (KHIT-6), and change in clinical symptoms. Results: After administering SGGT for 160 days, the NRS improved from 9 to 1 and the KHIT-6 improved from 70 to 44. No serious treatment-related adverse events were reported. Conclusions: This study shows the effective treatment of headache with dyspepsia using SGGT based on the DPIDS based on the Shanghanlun provisions.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.147-167
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• 2015

Objectives : The aim of this study is to summarise pattern-identification of shoulder pain based on the classics of oriental medicine, current literature and domestic papers. Methods : The materials selected were sourced from the classics of oriental medicine, current literature and domestic papers which contained data related to pattern-identification of shoulder pain. The pattern-identifications were compared to determine the similarities, and these were classified. Results : Thirty-five studies were reviewed, and thirty-seven pattern-identifications were collated. These were classified into the following groups: wind-cold-dampness group(n = 8), blood stasis group(n = 3), phlegm group(n = 7), dual deficiency of Qi and blood group(n = 4), deficiency cold group(n = 2), liver-kidney deficiency group(n = 1) and meridian-collateral group(n = 12). Conclusions : On the basis of the classification of pattern-identifications, two groups of pattern-identifications for shoulder pain were suggested. The first group included the pattern-identification associated with a disease-cause, which included the wind-cold-dampness pattern(風寒濕型), blood stasis pattern(瘀血型), phlegm pattern(痰飮型), Qi-blood deficiency pattern(氣血兩虛型), deficiency cold pattern(虛寒型), and liver-kidney deficiency pattern(肝腎虧損型). The second included the pattern-identification associated with the meridian-collateral, which included the hand greater Yin meridian pattern(手太陰經型), hand Yang brightness meridian pattern(手陽明經型), hand lesser Yin meridian pattern(手少陰經型), hand greater Yang meridian pattern(手太陽經型), hand reverting Yin meridian pattern(手厥陰經型), hand lesser Yang meridian pattern(手少陽經型), and foot greater Yang meridian pattern(足太陽經型).

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.23-36
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• 2013

J$\bar{i}$n ji$\acute{e}$(根結) has been recognized as one of a meridian pathway. If you want to study a defense qi(衛氣) and nutrient qi(營氣)'s nature, function and operation, you could find a relationship of J$\bar{i}$n ji$\acute{e}$(根結) and the defense qi(衛氣). We proposed that, especially, J$\bar{i}$n ji$\acute{e}$(根結) has got a close relationship with a operation of the defense qi(衛氣). The ji$\acute{e}$(結) of three yang(三陽) located in ears and eyes, that are a starting point of the defense qi(衛氣) operation in the daytime and a one of five sense organs(五官). Gin, Liu, Zou and Ru (根, 溜, 注, 入) of the three yang(三陽) distinguished between the three yang(三陽) in the extremities. and in the symptoms of a disease of the three yang(三陽) on the bolt - leaf - hanges(關闔樞) theory, Greater yang(太陽) is related to the skin and flesh, Yang brightness(陽明) is related to the flesh and Lesser yang(少陽) is related to the muscle or bone. These skin, flesh, muscle and bone belonged to the five bodies(五體). The five bodies(五體) have relationship with the defense qi(衛氣)'s operation and function part. The ji$\acute{e}$(結) of three yin(三陰) located in neck, chest and abdomen. If we could catched the concepts on the ji$\acute{e}$(結) of three yin(三陰) and The Gin, Liu, Zou, Ru and ji$\acute{e}$(根, 溜, 注, 入, 結) position of three yang(三陽) altogether, we could suggested the theory of the entire area completed in the surface of body. so the defense qi(衛氣)'s protecting function of the whole body surface is achieved. In the symptoms of a disease of the three yin(三陰)'s the bolt - leaf - hanges(關闔樞) theory, greater yin(太陰) and reverting yin(厥陰)'s symptoms indicates the defense qi(衛氣)'s main action of a chest and abdomen. And lesser yin(少陰)' symptoms is about a vessle, that is not to mention on the five bodies(五體) of the three yang(三陽)'s symptoms, so here is mentioned the relationship of the defense qi(衛氣) and the five bodies(五體) strengthened. In the "J$\bar{i}$n ji$\acute{e}$ chapter(根結編) of Lin Shu(靈樞)", as the meridians of the foot (足經) was described, except the meridians of the hand(手經), it is reasonable to infer that the defense qi (衛氣) is relevant to the meridians of the foot(足經) than the meridians of the hand(手經).

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.27-36
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• 2014

Objectives This research was proposed to present Clinical Practice Guideline(CPG) for Soeumin Disease of Sasang Constitutional Medicine(SCM): Congestive Hyperpsychotic symptomatology. This CPG was developed by the national-wide experts committee consisting of SCM professors. Methods First, it was performed that search and collection of literature related SCM such as "Dongeuisusebowon", Textbook of SCM, Clinical Guidebook of SCM and Fundamental research to standardize diagnosis of Sasang Constitutional Medicine. And journal search related clinical trial or Human complementary medicine of SCM was performed domestic and overseas. Finally, no article was selected and included in CPG for Congestive Hyperpsychotic symptomatology of Kidney Heat-based Exterior Heat disease in Soeumin disease. Results & Conclusions CPG of Congestive Hyperpsychotic symptomatology in Soeumin Disease include classification, definition and standard symptoms of each pattern. Congestive Hyperpsychotic symptomatology is classified into mild and severe pattern by severity. Congestive Hyperpsychotic symptomatology mild pattern is classified into initial pattern. Congestive Hyperpsychotic symptomatology severe pattern is classified into intermediate and advanced pattern and Greater Yang disease Reverting Yin pattern.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.237-245
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• 2001

I have come to next conclusions in consequnce of documentary study about medical books of many generations regarding Jung point venesection therapy. 1. Jung point is significant as the beginning of pulse energy flow on meridian, the origin of all meridional pulse energy being located at extrimity terminal, confluence of three yin and three yang, and emergent treatment point. 2. Jung point venesection therapy was much used for the first-aid treatment for acute and thermic disease, and that is the combination of the meaning as of restoration from death and emergent treatment of Jung point and function of openning of orifice, leakage of fever, circulation of blood, remove of edema of venesection therapy. 3. It is very much used for emergency case, five sensory organ disease and CVA, heating shock and so on. Besides that digestive disease, cough, fever with cold, childhood disease, cardiac ache, thoracic disease, numbness of digitus terminal, mental disorder follow that in order. 4. Sosang, Jung point of Arm Greater Yin Lung meridian, is very much used for five sensory organ disease. Sosang is for orbital disease, sangyang for auditory disease, sosang for nasal disease, and sosnag for introitus-throat disease. 5. Ten Jung point is most used for first-aid diseases of CVA, heating shock. 6. Ten Jung point is most used for digestive disease of stomach ache, vomiting, diarrhea, intestinal convulsion. 7. Ten Jung point is most used for cold disease of cough, fever, malaria. 8. Ten Jung point, sosang, kwanchung are much used for childhood disease of acute convulsion and fever. 9. Among Jung point, sosang is most used, 34 times. Next there are Ten Jung point, kwanchung, sangyang, sotaek, jungchung, unbaek, taedon in order. In the order of frequency in use, arm channel is more used than leg channel.

• 대한상한금궤의학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.35-46
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• 2019

Objective : The purpose of this study was to report the improvements of patients with globus pharyngeus treated with herbal medication from Shanghanlun. Methods : Each patient was diagnosed with Greater-yang disease 29th provision of Shanghanlun, and Gamchogungang-tang was used to treat. The result was evaluated by Glasgow-Edinburgh Throat Scale(GETS). Results : The GETS score decreased from 23 to 4 after 40 days of administration in case 1 and from 31 to 1 after 15 days of administration in case 2. Conclusions : Globus pharyngeus improved in each case. This case report suggests that '急' based on the 29th provision of Shanghanlun, can be a direct psychological cause of globus pharyngeus.

• 대한한의정보학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.163-187
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• 2010

The concept of latent-gi(伏氣) was first mentioned in Yellow Emperor's Canon of Internal Medicine. For example, Elementary Questions states, "Damage by cold in winter necessarily engenders warm disease in the spring." Zhang Zhong-Jing of Han Dynasty in On Cold Damage and Miscellaneous Diseases mentions warm disease, stating, for example, "Greater yang disease with heat effusion and cough and without aversion to cold is warm disease. If sweating is applied, and there is generalized heat, this is wind warmth." However, the concept of warm disease was not central to his systematic presentation of externally contracted disease which placed the emphasis on wind and cold as the major causes of these diseases. Zhang Zhong-Jing's theories centuries after in the Sung Dynasty were to become the focus of the cold damage school, whereas the concept of warm disease was to become the focus of a rival school, the warm disease school. In the Sui-Tang Period, The Origin and Indications of Disease mentions warm diseases, their causes, patterns, and major principles of treatment. Successive generations of doctors wrote about warm disease, and in the Ming Dynasty writings on the subject become more prolific. This development is attributable on the one hand to the opening up of the south of China where febrile diseases tended to be of a different nature than in the north, and on the other to pestilences arising as a result of wars. In this period, Wu You-Xing in On Warm Epidemics explained in detail the laws governing the origin, development and pattern identification of warm epidemics. Notably, he posed the etiological notion of a contagious perverse gi.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제56권6호
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• pp.589-596
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• 2018

Ticks are the vectors of various pathogens, threatening human health and animal production across the globe. Here, for the first time we detected Ricketssia spp., Borrelia spp. and protozoan in ticks from Poyang Lake region in Jiangxi Province of eastern China. In 3 habitat categories and on 12 host species, 311 ticks from 11 species were collected. Haemaphysalis longicornis was the predominant species, accounting for 55.63%, followed by Rhipicephalus microplus, Haemaphysalis flava and Ixodes granulatus. Of the collected ticks, 7.07% were positive for tick-borne pathogens, and H. longicornis and H. flava were found to be co-infected with Ricketssia spp. and protozoan. H. flava was the most detected positive for tick-borne pathogens, whereas H. longicornis had the lowest infection rate, and the difference in infection rates between tick species was significant (${\chi}^2=61.24$, P<0.001). Furthermore, adult ticks demonstrated remarkably greater infection rate than immature ticks (${\chi}^2=10.12$, P=0.018), meanwhile ticks on Erinaceidae showed significantly higher positivity than ticks collected on other host species (${\chi}^2=108.44$, P<0.001). Genetic fragment sequencing and analyses showed at least 4 pathogen species presence in ticks, namely Borrelia yangtzensis, Rickettsia slovaca or Rickettsia raoultii related genospecies, Babesia vogeli and Hepatozoon canis or Hepatozoon felis related genospecies. The finding indicates that the abundant ticks can carry diverse pathogens in Poyang Lake region, and pathogen infection is highly related to species, vertebrate hosts and life stages of ticks.