• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.85-89
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• 1990

Sixteen Harnai lambs were used in a completely randomized design to study the nutritive value of fourwing saltbush as a winter maintenance browse in comparison to native range grazing with or without protein and energy supplementation at Tomagh Range Livestock Research Station, in Loralai District, Balochistan. The animals were divided into four groups of four lambs each. These four groups were assigned four treatments at random: fourwing saltbush grazing alone, range grazing plus lucerne hay (100 g/head/day), range grazing plus barley grain (100 g/head/day) and range grazing alone for ten weeks. The results indicate that the two range grazing plus supplementation treatments produced weight gains which were not significantly different from each other (p < 0.05). Both of these treatments yielded significantly higher weight gains (p < 0.05) than did range grazing alone except for the last week of the study. Fourwing saltbush grazing provided cumulative weight gains at 3, 4, 6, 7 and 8 weeks which were not significantly different from the range grazing plus lucerne hay treatment and gained an average of 6 percent in body weight over the 10 week period of study. The carrying capacity for sheep of a mature stand of fourwing saltbush was approximately 20 Sheep-kg-days (SKD) of grazing per cubic meter of foliage. Results of this study suggest that under fourwing saltbush grazing alone, lambs do not only maintain their body weights but can also gain weight in winter.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.53-60
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• 1996

A field experiment was carried out to determine the effects of grazing stage and intensity on the forage production and nutritive value in orchardgrass dominant pasture, 1989 and 1990. The grazing stages were 20- 25m, 30-35cm and 40-45cm of plant height, and high and medium grazing intensity were set by the number of growing cows (initial body weight: 230-250kg), which was adJusted according to the pasture production. The high level of grazing intensity was 150% of medium intensity. Annual grazing frequency was 10 times in 20-25cm. 8 times in 30-35cm. and 6 times in 40-45cm of plant height. Dry matter(DM) yield was increased with increasing of plant height at grazing : 7,090kg in 20-25cm 7,882kg in 30-35n and 8,260 kgha in 40-45cm of height. Higher DM was observed at medium grazing intensity. In spring, daily DM production was more vigorous than those in summer and autumn season. Cmde protein (CP), digestible DM, and DM intake were decreased with increasing of plant height at grazing. CP content was 25.8% in 20-25cm 22.4% in 30-35m and 19.2% in 40-45cm, while the contents of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber were increased with higher plant height. Relative feed value was 11 1.2 in 20-25cm, 104.4 in 30-35n and 99.6 in 40-45cm. Also nutritive value of pre-grazing pasture plants was remarkably higher than that of post-grazing, and not significant differences of nutritive value were found between grazing intensity. From the above mults, it may be concluded that optimum plant height for grazing was 20-25cm and 30- 35cm in pasture mixtures dominated by orchardgms, and medium grazing intensity was very desirable for pasture productivity.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.191-196
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• 2018

Blood tests have been used to develop treatment plans, such as disease diagnosis, treatment effect, and prognosis determination in livestock. The present study examined changes in the blood count, including RBCs, WBCs, and platelets, before and after grazing among the Korean native cattle grazing from spring to autumn. The study compared the blood count of livestock group (A, n=34) that returned from the rangeland to cowshed every evening and livestock group (B, n=21) that were not returned from the rangeland to cowshed every evening during the grazing period. Hematological parameters such as RBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit, MCV, and WBC, neutrophil, eosinophil, monocyte, and lymphocyte were determined using a blood cell analyzer. Livestock group (A) showed significant differences in the values of RBC, MCV, MCHC, WBC, EOS, and LYM. Livestock group (B) showed significant differences in the values of RBC, Hb, HCT, MCV, MCH, PLT, NEU, and BAS. In particular, the RBC count decreased after grazing when compared with that before grazing. Compared with that before grazing, low RBC count was maintained from the first to fifth month of grazing. The WBC count increased from the fourth month of grazing, whereas the EOS count increased from the second month of grazing. These results suggest that the values of RBC and WBC vary before and after grazing, and also with the grazing period. Furthermore, it is necessary to develop a detailed feeding management based on these values of blood analysis for livestock that are raised continuously in the rangeland.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.161-168
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• 2000

The experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of extension of grazing duration in late autumn on grass growth in following spring, in order to improve the rate of self-sufficiency for roughage feed. Plant height, total biomass and litter production of herbage were increased when the grazing was finished early in late autumn. The proportions of clover and litter, and amounts of animal intake were decreased, with extended grazing duration in late autumn. But when the grazing was finished late in autumn, the contents of crude protein (CP, %) of herbage were increased, contents of acid detergent fiber (ADF, %), neutral detergent fiber (NDF, %) and crude ash (%) were decreased in pasture after grazing, therefore the contents of total digestible nutrients (TDN, %) and relative feed value (RFV) of herbage were improved. The early end grazing showed that plant height, total biomass and litter production of herbage in following spring were higher than those in late end grazing. However, increased yields were not significantly different among end grazing treatments (0.12-0.15 tonha), except for the final end grazing in late autumn (0.01 tonha). With extended grazing duration in late autumn, the contents of CP of herbage in following spring were increased, contents of ADF, were decreased, and RFV were improved. (Key words : Extension of grazing duration, Plant height, Biomass, Amount of intake, Increased yield, Crude protein, TDN) rll\ulcorner c# qiil x i 9 ~ 1 a% * (College of Natural Resources, Taegu Univ., Kyongsan, 71 2-714, Korea) * $4 4 qiil 34 qq(Co1lege of Liberal Arts & Sciences, Yonsei Univ., Wonju, 220-701, Korea) '* 8 * jL@%ft@ &@%(Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido Univ., Sapporo, 060 Japan)

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.711-715
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• 2013

To investigate the effect of restricted grazing time on behavior of Tan sheep on desert steppe, forty 4-months old male Tan sheep with an original body weight (BW) of $15.62{\pm}0.33$ kg were randomly allocated to 4 grazing groups which corresponded to 4 different restricted grazing time treatments of 2 h/d (G2), 4 h/d (G4), 8 h/d (G8) and 12 h/d (G12) access to pasture. The restricted grazing times had a significant impact on intake time, resting time, ruminating time, bite rate and movement. As the grazing time decreased, the proportion of time spent on intake, bite rate and grazing velocity significantly (p<0.05) increased, but resting and ruminating time clearly (p<0.05) decreased. The grazing months mainly depicted effect on intake time and grazing velocity. In conclusion, by varying their foraging behavior, Tan sheep could improve grazing efficiency to adapt well to the time-limited grazing circumstance.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.59-66
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• 1995

Energy obtained by grazing cattle in oil palm plantations is usually used for maintenance of body functions, the construction of body tissues and pregnancy, the synthesis of milk and the conversion to mechanical energy used for activities such as walking, eating and others. In this study, attempt was made to estimate metabolizable energy (ME) requirement of grazing cattle. Models of ME requirement (MER) for maintenance, gain, pregnancy, lactation and activities were developed. ME system and units were used because of wide recognition. Estimation of ME intake in grazing cattle was expressed as MEVI = $14.58{\times}VI{\times}DMD$, and under grazing condition MEVI = $MER_i$. MER was expressed as a function of net energy(NER, MJ) required for the i'th body function. Coefficient of efficiency for conversion of ME into net energy(ki) was adopted from literatures. Quantifying of ME requirement for Kedah-Kelantan cattle under grazing condition was made by using equation MERM = NEM / kn. The estimated values of MER for Kedah-Kelantan cattle is quite reasonable if compared with other estimates as reported in literatures from stall-fed animals. Dynamic MER models for grazing herd was developed in order to estimate ME requirement for maintenance and productions. These ME requirement models can be used for prediction of energy utilization pattern of the herd in the grazing systems.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.745-750
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• 2002

The effects of recording interval (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 min) on the estimation of some grazing behavior variables in beef cows and calves (<4 months old) were investigated in a daytime grazing (7 h) system utilizing a bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flugge) pasture (a 1.1 ha paddock and a 0.4 ha resting area). Recording intervals of 10-30 min tended to underestimate the time spent grazing and ruminating and overestimate the time spent resting by animals, whereas intervals of 1-5 min resulted in almost constant estimates. In all grazing activities, the errors of estimation became larger when the recording interval exceeded 5 min. The accuracy of estimation was higher for grazing time>rumination time>resting time. An increase in recording interval always decreased estimates of the distance walked by animals. It was concluded that recording intervals of 1-5 min provide reliable estimates of the time spent grazing, ruminating and resting. It was also concluded that positioning of animals at 1 min intervals may provide estimates of walking distance with acceptable bias toward underestimation.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.133-139
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• 1983

대관령지역에서 달리함에 따른 韓牛育咸牛의 放牧習性과 生産性을 규명하기 爲하여 Wye大學區, 輪換, 固定, 修正固定, 刈取給與區의 處理를 하였다. 供試面積은 5ha, 공시두수는 육성빈우 20두였으며 放牧習性을 調査하기 爲하여 아침 5:00시부터 20:00시 까지 每 2.5분(2분 30초) 마다 調査하여 얻어진 結果는 다음과 같다. 1. ha당 증체량에 있어서 Wye大學區와 輪換區가 바른 처리구보다 많았으나 山地草地放牧方法으로서 實在로 運用하는데는 윤환구나 修正固定區가 좋았으며 특히 修正固定放牧은 윤환구의 대안으로 추천할 만한 것이었다. 2. 日當增體量은 5월에 가장 높았고 7월에 가장 낮았으며 그후는 차차 증가하는 경향이었다. 3. 晝間의 採食時間은 331.1분으로부터 576.0분으로 다양한 結果를 보였고 이것은 放牧體系에의하여 보다도 秊節, 牧草量의 多少, 그리고 기상에 의하여 영향을 받았다. 4. 한우는 1일 일출 후, 정오 그리고 오후 3時의 3번의 주 채식행동을 갖고 있었다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.295-302
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• 2024

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of Thai native cattle grazing in the lowland or mountain forest on carcass characteristics, meat quality, sensory palatability, and chemical composition. Methods: Twelve male Thai native cattle with an average weight of 110±10 kg are allowed to be grazing in the lowland or Phu Phan mountain forest during the rainy season in northeastern Thailand. Results: The carcass characteristics, meat pH, and meat color were unaffected by treatment (p>0.05). The boiling loss was lower in the cattle grazing on the mountain forest (p = 0.027). The cattle grazing in the mountain forest had increased shear force (p = 0.039), tenderness (p = 0.011), and flavor intensity (p = 0.003). The protein and fat were higher (p<0.001 and p = 0.035, respectively) in cattle grazing in the mountain forest. The different grazing systems of the cattle had no effect (p>0.05) fatty acids in meat, except for capric acid (C10:0) and lauric acid (C12:0), which were higher (p = 0.046 and p = 0.049, respectively) when the cattle were grazing in the mountain forest. The different grazing systems did not influence (p>0.05) the unsaturated fatty acids in meat. Conclusion: Thai native cattle grazing in the Phu Phan mountain forest in the rainy season improves meat quality, sensory evaluation, and chemical composition.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.96-102
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• 1989

This field experiment was conducted to determine the effect of grazing and cutting management on the forage production and botanical composition at different legumes sown swards of the experimental field of Livestock Experiment Station. in Suweon, from Aug. 1985 to Oct. 1988. The results obtained are as follows: 1. Dry matter yield of cutting management (1213.0 kg/lOa) was higher by 19% than that of grazing management (1016.8 kg/lOa). Yield of pasture mixtures including alfalfa both cutting and grazing were higher than those including ladino clover and red clover. Yield under grazing was inferior to cutting in the first year but superior in the second year. 2. Seasonal dry matter production under grazing showed 5 1% in spring, 33% in summer and 16% in autumn, but under cutting showed 46% in spring, 42% in summer and 12% in autumn. 3. Daily dry matter production per 10a under grazing is decreased 5.9 kg in spring, 5.5 kg in summer and 3.7 kg in autumn. But under cutting is decreased 8.7 kg in summer, 6.6 kg in spring and 3.4 kg in autumn. 4. Botanical compositions of mixtures swards involving ladino clover and red clover were not influenced by method of defoliation. But mixtures swards including alfalfa were highly influenced by method of defoliation. Alfalfa ratio at the time of final utilization under grazing was about 30%, but under cutting was about 70-80%.