• 약학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.232-237
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• 1986

A series of modified poly(acrylic acid)'s containing different levels of 6-aminopenicillanic acid (6-APA), 7-aminocephalosporanic acid (7-ACA) and 6-[D-(-)-$\alpha$-aminophenyl acetamido] penicillanic acid (ampicillin) as pendant groups were prepared. Antibiotic activities of the newly prepared drugs were examined against the various gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. It was found that ampicillin modified composition posses antibiotic activities against the gram-negative as well as the gram-positive bacteria.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.183-185
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• 2003

The combination of hexane extract (E4) of rhizome of Acorus gramineus with chloramphenicol (Cm) was applied to Gram negative Cm resistant microbials to find the possibility of clinical use and to clarify the relationship of the activity of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT). The combination of $1,000\;{\mu}g/ml$ of E4 and $8\;{\mu}g/ml$ of Cm entirely ceased the growth of S. aureus SA2, a gram positive resistant strain to 10 antibiotics. But in Gram negative strains which possess CAT activity, some showed considerably strong resistances to Cm and some did weakly.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.57-61
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• 2002

전라남도 장흥군 인근 해안에서 채집한 불가사리(Asterias amurensis)를 대상으로 불가사리의 장내에 분포하는 종속영양세균의 균체수를 측정하였고, 분리동정된 균주들을 대상으로 탄소원 이용 특성을 조사하였다. 불가사리의 장내에 분포하는 종속영양세균의 균체수는8.65$\pm$0.65 $\times$$10^3$ cfu . g$^{-1}$이 였으며, 분리 동정된 24균주(그람음성균 11균주, 그람양성균이 13균주)중에서 Vibrio속,Staphylococcus속, Corynebacterium속이 높게 나타났다. 불가사리 장내에서 분리 동정된 세균들은 그람양성의 간균이 높은 비율을차지하였고, catalase와 oxidase의 활성은 각각 54.2%,20.8%로 나타났다. 그람음성균의 경우, 탄소원으로 glucose의 이용률이 가장 높았고, 그 다음으로 sucrose, mannose, maltose,그리고 trehalose의 순으로 높은 이용률을 나타냈으며, adipate, phenol acetate는 이용하지 못하였다. 그람양성균의 경우, glucose가 가장 높은 이용률을 나타냈고, 그 다음은 fructose, trehalose, maltose 순으로 높은 이용률을 보였다.

• 한국해양학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.148-156
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• 1989

본 연구는 여러 수생생태계에서 유기물의 동적순환에 따른 부유성 박테리아와 부착성 박테리아의 그램염색(gram-stain) 특성을 알아보기 위한 일련의 시도로서 일본에서 두번째로 크며 부영양화가 상당히 진전된 가스미가우라 호수에서 1년간, 매주 실시했다. 이 전형적인 부영양형(eutrophic) 수생생태계의 박테리아군집의 그램염색 특성은 중영양형(mesotrophic) 환경과 같이 유기물의 유입에 따라 변화함을 보여준다. 그램음성(negative) 박테리아군집은 부유성 박테리아군집이 약 57%, 부착성 박테리아군집이 약 53%이며, 두 군집의 통계분석은 서로 다른 특성을 보여준다. 부착성 박테리아군집은 그램 양성, 음성 모두 쇄설성 유기물 형성과 분해에 영향을 미친다. 또한 그램 음성 부유박테리아는 특히 용존 유기물의 동적순환에 관여한다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.700-706
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• 1994

Lactic acid bacteria in Kimchi fermentation were tested for inhibitory activity against Gram positive bacteria and Gram negative bacteria. The Lactobacillus brevis (KCCM 35464) was found to produce a antimicrobial substance. It showed relatively wide range of inhibition spectrum against gram positive and gram negative bacteria and maintained the inhibitory activity between pH 4.0 and pH 9.0. The antimicrobial substance was obtained in the stationary growth phase and was purified by gel chromatography. The inhibitory effect of the antimicrobial substance on sensitive bacterial strains was determined by filter paper test. The activity of antimicrobial substa- nce was stable at 75$\circ$C. On the basis of its electrophoretic pattern is SDS-PAGE, antimicrobial substance appeared as a single band of 59 KDalton.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.31-36
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• 2011

The methanol extract of 12 medicinal plants were evaluated for its antibacterial activity against Gram-positive (5 strains) and Gram-negative bacteria (10 strains) by assay for minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bacterial concentration (MBC). The antibacterial activity was determined by an agar dilution method (according to the guidelines of Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute). All the compounds (12 extracts) of the 8 medicinal plants (leaf or root) were active against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Gram-negative showed a more potent action than Gram positive bacteria. The MIC concentrations were various ranged from $0.6\;{\mu}g/ml$ to $5000\;{\mu}g/ml$. The lowest MIC ($0.6\;{\mu}g/ml$) and MBC ($1.22\;{\mu}g/ml$) values were obtained with extract on 4 and 3 of the 15 microorganisms tested, respectively.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.133-139
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• 2004

Bacterial pathogens were isolated from 36 dogs with respiratory signs, that were submitted to Veterinary Clinics in Jeju, including Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital in Cheju National University. Of 36 isolates, 16 (44.4%) bacterial pathogens were Gram-positive and 20 (55.6%) were Gram-negative. Gram-positive bacteria identified with API Staph were 12 S. intermedius (33.3%), 2 S. aureus (5.6%), 1 S. haemolyticum (2.8%), and 1 S. xylosus (2.8%). Gram-negative organisms identified with API 20E or API NE included 8 Bordetella bronchiseptica (22.2%), 6 Escherichia coli (16.7%), 4 Pasteurella spp. (11.1%), 1 Enterobacter intermedius (2.8%), and 1 Oligella ureolytica (2.8%). Both Staphylococcus spp. isolates and Gram-negative pathogens were resistant to one or more antibiotics, including ampicillin (AM), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (AMC), chloramphenicol (C), cefazolin (CZ), erythromycin (E), gentamicin (GM), kanamycin (K), lincomycin (L), oxacillin (OX), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (SXT), and tetracycline (TE). All Staphylococcus spp. were susceptible to AMC, OX and VA, while many isolates were highly resistant to L (87.5%), E (68.8%), P (62.5%), and AM (56.3%). Antibiotic-resistant patterns of staphylococcal isolates were shown ranges from single to 9-resistant patterns. Resistant rates to antibiotics of Gram-negative bacteria were usually higher than those of Staphylococcus spp. in this study. Most Gram-negative bacteria were highly resistant to L (90.0%), AM (85.0%), E (85.0%), P (85.0%), OX (80.0%), and CZ (75.0%). B. bronchiseptica isolates showed 5 to 8 antibiotics-resistant patterns and Pasteurella spp., 2 to 8-resistant patterns. In particular, all 6 E. coli isolates were resistant to more than 9 different kinds of antibiotics, including one strain resistant to all antibiotics tested.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.281-284
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• 1991

Combination effects of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and trimethoprim (TMP) against nine gram positive bacterial strains and 43 gram negative bacterial strains which included 40 strains of animal intestinal bacteria were studied in vitro. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of SMX and TMP alone and 20:1 (SMX : TMP) mixture (ST) were investigated by the method recommended by Ad Hoc Committee of the Japan Society of Chemotherapy for the Evaluation of Sensitivity Testing Methods for Sulfamethoxazole and Trimethoprim. MICs of ST were more potentiated than those of SMX alone in 8 of 9 gram positive strains and 40 of 43 gram negative strains. Especially, 38 strains of 40 intestinal bacteria showed significant susceptibility to ST as compared to SMX. These results suggest a strong synergistic activity of ST mixture against animal intestinal bacteria, The activity was considered to be comparable to those of other current antibiotics.

• 생약학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.1-4
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• 1987

The methanol and benzene extracts of the leaves of 55 higher plants in Korea were tested for their antibacterial activity against three Gram positive bacteria, Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, and one Gram negative bacterium Escherichia coli. Among them, the methanol extract of the leaves of Liriodendron tulipifera showed remarkably potent antibacterial activity against both Gram positive and negative bacteria.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.554-558
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• 2000

Bacteria were isolated and identified from an advanced high-purity water system that supplies ultra-high purity water (UHPW) for 16-megabyte DRAM semiconductor manufacturing. Scanning electron microscopic and microbiological observations revealed that the primary source of the bacteria isolated from the UHPW was detached cells from biofilms developed on the pipe wall through which the UHPW, a man-made and extremely nutrient poor environment, was passing. About 63-65% of the bacteria isolated from the UHPW and the pipe wall were Gram-positive, whereas only 10% of the bacteria isolated from the feed water were Gram-positive. The of Gram-positive bacteria and seven genera of Gram-negative bacteria. Strains of the UHPW bacteria effectively adhered to and formed a biofilm on the surface of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe.