• Title/Summary/Keyword: grain yield

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Cold Tolerance Characteristic Test of High Yield Tongil-type Rice Breeding Lines for Processing

  • Kang-Su Kwak;Sea-Kwan Oh;Kuk-Hyun Jung;Dae-Ha Seo
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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    • 2022.10a
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    • pp.278-278
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    • 2022
  • Recently, the yield potential of high yield Tongil-type rice varieties has greatly increased, reaching 817kg/10a(Geumgang No.1). Moreover, in order to promote rice consumption and strengthen the competitiveness of the rice processing industry, the R&D of high yield Tongil-type rice varieties for each processing purpose, such as rice noodles, grain feed and industrial materials, has been continuously carried out. However, because Tongil-type rice varieties or lines are generally very vulnerable to cold damage, cold tolerance test can be said to be absolutely necessary to improve the cultivation safety. This study is the result of the seedling and field cold tolerance characteristic tests carried out in 2021 of high yield Tongil-type rice breeding lines. For the cold tolerance characteristic test of seedlings, total 303 high yield rice breeding lines for processing were treated in cold water of 13℃ and irrigation depth of 4cm for 10 days from the third-leaf age, then it was evaluated by comparing the degree of discoloration and withering with the checked varieties(Boramchan, Hanahreum No.2). Also, for the test of field, total 186 high yield rice breeding lines for processing were treated in cold water of 17℃ by keeping pouring day and night from 30 days after transplanting to ripening stage, then it was evaluated by comparing the degree of discoloration, delay of heading, shortening rate of stem length and percent of fertile grain etc. with the checked varieties. And the cold tolerance evaluative criteria were classified as strong(1~3), medium(4~6) and weak(7~9) in overall cold tolerance. (Seedling test) As for the degree of cold tolerance of the check variety, 'Boramchan' and 'Hanahreum No.2' showed a response of 'medium' and 'weak', respectively. However, there was no 'strong' line in the high yield rice breeding lines, 2 lines showed a 'medium' response, and 301 lines showed a 'weak' response. Therefore, except for a few lines(0.7%), most lines(99.3%) showed a 'weak' response. (Field test) In terms of the overall cold tolerance of the check variety, both 'Boramchan' and 'Hanahreum No.2' showed a 'medium' response. Similarly, there was no 'strong' line in the case of high yield rice breeding lines, 20 lines showed a 'medium' response, and 166 lines showed a 'weak' response. Therefore, except for some(10.8%) lines, most(89.2%) lines showed a 'weak' response. From the above results, we selected about 100 individuals with less seed shattering and degeneration of the ear tip, and with a relatively high percent of fertile grain, and are continuing to select lines with improved cold tolerance in the F4~F5 group in this year. As such, most of the Tongil-type rice varieties have poor cold tolerance and thus have low cultivation safety at low temperatures. However, it is important to select improved lines through generational progress because there are some lines that still have a certain level of cold tolerance among them.

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Appropriate Sowing Time and Planting Density to Improve Popcorn Production

  • Jae-Keun Choi;Si-Hwan Ryu;Hee Yeon Kim;Moon-jong Kim;Jung Heon Han;Seung Hyun Wang;Ki Sun Kim
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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    • 2022.10a
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    • pp.91-91
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    • 2022
  • Popcorn grains are consumed around 10,000 tons per year, in South Korea. It is consumed in amusement parks, movie theaters and snacks. The size of the popcorn processed market in Korea is estimated to be 3.6 billon won per year. So, the popcorn grain market has good prospects. On the other hand, domestic grain is at the level of 1 %, which is less domestic production than the size of the market. Maize Research Institute has developed domestic varieties in order to increase the use of domestically produced grains. The Oyrunpopcorn variety which was commonly distributed is a preferred cultivar because it has a good popping rate compared to imported grains. In addition, 'G-Popcom', 'Oyrun #2' and 'Kichan Popcorn' were developed, which diversified the choice of the farmers. Yield per unit area is important to improve farmers' income. At present, domestic grain production is traded at 5,000 won/kg, so if the yield improves, a high farmer^ income is expected. Therefore, this study compared the growth characteristics and yield according to the appropriate sowing time and plant density to improve the yield of domestically grown popcorn. We used 'Oryunpopcorn', for this research. Agronomic characteristics were compared by sowing times April 23, May 22 and June 22. The 100 seeds weight were 15.9g, 17.7g and 15.0g, respectively. Kernel weight planted in May 22 is the highest value. Yield per 10a were 414kg, 434kg and 296kg, respectively. It shows the yield planted in May 22 was higher than other trials. Therefore, the sowing time to increase the kernel weight and yield is appropriate for planting in mid-May. The number of plants in planting density trial was 5,700 plants, 4,700 plants and 4,000 plants in 10a area. Plant height at each trial were 221 cm, 214cm and 218cm, respectively. It was the highest height in 5,700 plants trials. The 100 kernel weight were 14.8g, 15.9g and 16.5g, respectively. Low planting density trial indicated high kernel weight. Yield per 10a was 415kg, 357kg and 314kg, respectively. It was higher at high density trial than other experimental plots. Therefore, appropriate sowing time was in mid-May and planting density was 5,700 plants/10a in order to increase the yield of popcorn in South Korea. This study will be useful for farmer's income to use the domestic cultivars.

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Damage Analysis of Rice Panicle Blast on Disease Occurrence Time and Severity

  • Shim, Hong-Sik;Hong, Sung-Jun;Yeh, Wan-Hae;Han, Seong-Sook;Sung, Jae-Mo
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
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    • v.21 no.2
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    • pp.87-92
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    • 2005
  • The structural differences between healthy and diseasedpanicle necks caused by Pyricularia oryzae were observed using electron-microscope. In the diseased panicle neck, the infection hyphae of the rice blast pathogen grew through the sclerenchymatous fiber tissue and reached to the central internal lacuna. Since the pathogen grew through the sclerenchymatous fiber tissues, the vascular bundle composed with xylem and phloem had been destroyed and finally the nutrients from the leaf and stem were not able to be transported into the grains. Infection of panicle base by the blast pathogen until 20 days after heading caused more than 50% of yield loss in both Jinmibyeo and Chucheongbyeo. There was a positive correlation between incidence of the panicle blast and rice yield losses. The regression equations between incidence of the panicle blast and yield losses were y= -3.61+496.7 ($R^2$=0.70) in Jinmibyeoand y=-3.93+520.2 ($R^2$=0.82) in Juanbyeo. The panicleblast caused deterioration of grain quality. Healthy grain rate was reduced by increase of panicle blast infection.

Growth and Yield Performance in no-till Cultivation of sugary and shrunken-2 Corn Hybrids

  • Lee, Myoung-Hoon
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.47 no.5
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    • pp.384-389
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    • 2002
  • No-tillage (NT) practice for corn production has advantages of reduction of soil erosion and energy conservation. Research on effects of NT for sweet corn or super sweet corn is very limited. Hybrids of sugary (su) and shrunken-2 (sh2) were tested under NT and conventional tillage (CT) practices to investigate plant characters, ear characters, fresh yield, and grain yield. Sugary hybrids were Golden Cross Bantam 70 (GCB70), Sprint, Geumdanok, and Danok3. Shrunken-2 hybrids were BSS9472, Cambella90, GSS9299, Jubilee, KS-Y-65, and Chodangok1. Emergence rates under NT were lower than those under CT for su, while there was no difference between tillage systems for sh2. There were no differences between CT and NT for days to tasseling and silking, plant height, and ear height for both su and sh2. Ear characters such as ear length, number of kernel rows, number of kernels per row, and t100-kernel weight under NT were not significantly different from those under CT. There were no differences between two tillage practice for fresh and grain yield, rather they showed trend of increases under NT practices. Results from this trial indicate that NT practice for both su and sh2 cultivation may be possible to recommend to farmers.

EFFECT OF VARIETY ON YIELD AND NUTRITIVE VALUE OF RICE STRAW

  • Chowdhury, S.A.;Majid, M.A.;Huque, K.S.;Islam, M.;Rahman, M.M.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.8 no.4
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    • pp.329-335
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    • 1995
  • Seven varieties of rice were cultivated in the field of BLRI of which three were native (Maloti, Nizershail and Chandrashail) and four were improved ($BR_3$, $BR_{11}$, Pasam and Mala). Yields of straw and grain were recorded and the chemical composition of straw was determined. Both the grain (p < 0.05) and straw (p > 0.05) yields were higher in the improved than the native varities. Relationships of straw dry matter yield with the hights of rice plants, tiller numbers, levels of N fertilizer and lengths of stover were found to be statistically insignificant. No significant differences were observed among the varieties in respect of NDF, cell soluble, cellulose and hemicellulose contents. However, modified acid detergent fibre and insoluble ash content were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the local varieties. Except $BR_3$, the estimated ME content of straw was higher in the improved than the native varieties. In respect of yield, chemical composition and energy content improved straws were better and Pasam was the best.

Breeding Hybrid Rice with Good Quality and High Yield II. Combining Ability of the Cytoplasmic-Genetic Male Sterile and Restorer Lines with Backgrounds of Japonica Rice, and Heterosis for Yield and Grain Quality of the Hybrid Rices (양질 다수성 일대잡종 벼 육성 연구 II. 새로 육성된 Japonica형 웅성불임 및 임성회복계통의 조합능력과 일대잡종 벼의 잡종강세 정도 및 미질)

  • Hak-Soo SUH
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.38 no.5
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    • pp.418-424
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    • 1993
  • In order to test combining ability of the cytoplasmic-genetic male sterile(CGMS) and restorer lines with backgrounds of Korean japonica rice varieties, diallel crosses were made among the early maturing CGMS lines Sobaegbyeo A, Odaebyeo A, Gwanagbyeo A and Daeseongbyeo A, and the restorer lines Sobaegbyeo R, Odaebyeo R, Gwanagbyeo Rand Daeseongbyeo R, and among the medium maturing CGMS lines Hwajinbyeo A, Paldal A, Suwon 224 A and Iri 386 A and the restorer lines Hwajinbyeo R, Paldal R, Suwon 224 Rand Iri 386 R, and among the late maturing CGMS lines Nagdongbyeo A, Palkweng A, Hwacheongbyeo A and Milyang 97 A and the restorer lines Nagdongbyeo R, Palkweng R, H wacheongbyeo Rand Milyang 97 R. The fourty eight combinations of the hybrids, their parents and the maintainers were grown in field condition in 1992. General combining ability, relative specific combining ability and relative combining ability for yield of the CGMS and restorer lines were tested. Combining ability of the CGMS lines Odaebyeo A, Iri 386 A, Nagdongbyeo A and Palkweng A, and of the restorer lines Odaebyeo R, Hwajinbyeo R, Hwacheongbyeo Rand Palkweng R was relatively high. Heterobeltiosis for grain yield over the better parent of the early maturing hybrids ranged from -17 % to 15%, and that of the medium maturing ones from -4% to 22%, and that of the late maturing ones from -46% to 30% respectively, Standard heterosis over the standard variety of the early maturing hybrids ranged from -13 % to 12 %, and that of the medium maturing ones from 0 % to 26%, and that of the late maturing ones from -38% to 26% respectively, Positive and negative heterosis for grain yield of the hybrid rices were observed depending on cross combinations, In the positive heterosis hybrids, number of panicles per hill and number of spikelets per panicle contributed mostly to grain yield, while in the negative heterosis hybrids, spikelet fertility and 1000 grain weight were closely correlated to grain yield. Amylose content of the hybrid rices, maintainer and restorer lines was mostly lower than 20 %, and alkali digestion value was higher than 6.0. Grain appearance of the hybrids tested was similar to the korean japonica rice varieties.

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Basic Studies on the Native Colored-Soybean Cultivars I. Seed Characteristics and Performances in Growth and Yielding of Collected Colored - Soybean Cultivars (유색대두 수집종의 특성연구 제1보 유색대두 수집종의 종실 및 생육특성 연구)

  • 구자옥;민경수;하기용
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.28 no.2
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    • pp.211-215
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    • 1983
  • Thirty eight varieties with high uniformity and clearance in grain quality among 70 colored soybeans collected from nation-wide provinces were investigated for their seed morphological and agronomic traits. As for seed morphological traits, grain volumetric size, grain weight, grain length, grain thickness, . hilum length and width were studied on the tendency of statistical dispersion and variations. As a result, four groups could be classified on the basis of 100 grains weight, so as small, medium, large, and super large groups, Also, as for agronomic traits, among others, the tendency of setting in flowering date, maturing date, yield components, and stem weight, stem length were studied on the basis of statistical inter-relationships between above mentioned characteristics. From the above, bigger variations were detected in weighing characters of soybean plants than in duration characters. And the flowering and maturing days showed significant relationships to the stem length, stem weight, also stem length and stem weight to the grain yield.

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