• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.578-585
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• 1996

This experiment was carried out to obtain the basic informations on yield performance and physicochemical quality properties of North Korean rices at southern high altitude area, Unbong and southeren plain area, Iksan. North Korean cultivars showed significant difference in number of spikelets per panicle, percentage of ripened grain and yield between two locations, but not significant in number of panicle per hill and l000-grain weight. The highest contribution to grain yield was the percentage of ripened grain and l000-grain weight at Iksan and Unbong, respectively, The protein, amylose content, alkali digestion value and Mg/K ratio showed larger variation in varieties than that in the locations cultivated. Mg and K revealed highly significant variations in locations, varieties and variety $\times$ location (V$\times$L) interaction. The amylogram characteristics such as initial pasting temperature, peak, breakdown, setback and consistency viscosities showed highly significant variation in locations, varieties and V$\times$L interaction. The physical characteristics of cooked rice such as adhesiveness, gumniness and chewiness also showed highly significant variations in locations, varieties and V$\times$L interaction.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.215-220
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• 2004

Molecular Dynamics(MD) method was used to investigate the change of friction force due to interaction between dislocations and a grain boundary when a Ni tip was scratched on a Cu bicrystal. The substrate comprised a Cu bicrystal containing a vertical$\Sigma=5(210)$ grain boundary. The moving tip for scratching simulation was consisted of fixed Ni atoms emulating a rigid tip. The indentation depth was $3.6\AA$ and the scratching was performed along <110>direction in the first grain. As the scratching was continued, nucleation and propagation of dislocations were observed. In the early stage, the grain boundary played as a barrier to moving dislocations and interrupting further dislocation movement with no dislocation resulting in no propagation across the grain boundary. As the Ni tip approached the grain boundary, dislocations were nucleated at the grain boundary and propagated to the second grain. However, stick-slip phenomena that were observed on a single crystal scratching were not observed in the bicrystal. And, instead, irregular oscillation of friction force was observed during the scratching due to the presence of a grain boundary.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.229-246
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• 1996

A mechanistic model has been developed to predict the release behavior of fission gas during steady-state irradiation of LWR UO$_2$ fuel. Under the assumption that UO$_2$ grain surface is composed of fourteen identical circular faces and grain edge bubble can be represented by a triangulated tube around the circumference of three circular grain faces, it introduces the concept of continuous formation of open grain edges tunnels that is proportional to grain edge swelling. In addition, it takes into account the interaction between the gas release from matrix to grain boundary and the reintroduction of gas atoms into the matrix by the irradiation-induced re-solution of grain face bubbles. It also treats analytically the behavior of intragranular, intergranular, and grain edge bubbles under the assumption that both intragranular and intergranular bubbles are uniform in both radius and number density. Comparison of the present model with experimental data shows that the model's prediction produces reasonable agreement for fuel with centerline temperatures of 1000 to 140$0^{\circ}C$, wide scatter band for fuel with centerline temperatures lower than 100$0^{\circ}C$, and underprediction for fuel with centerline temperatures higher than 140$0^{\circ}C$.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.391-397
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• 1997

Six medium-framed steers, fitted with ruminal cannulas, were utilized in a $6{\times}6$ Latin square design with a $3{\times}2$ arrangement of treatments to determine the effects of sorghum hybrid and grain supplementation on nutrient digestibilities and passage rates and ruminal metabolism of silage-based diets fed to growing steers. The diets consisted of three wholes-plant silages (a high grain-containing, grain sorghum and middle-season, moderate grain-containing, and late-season, low grain-containing forage sorghums), each fed with or without 25% rolled grain sorghum. No significant interactions occurred between sorghum hybrid and grain supplementation for the digestion or passage rate criteria measured. Ruminal butyrate concentration was the only fermentation characteristic affected by a hybrid ${\times}$ grain supplementation interaction. The grain sorghum silage diets had the highest DM, OM, and ADF digestibilities; the late-season silage diets, the lowest. Digestibility of NDF tended to be highest (p < 0.10) for the grain sorghum silage, whereas starch digestibility was not affected by sorghum hybrid. Ruminal ammonia, acetate, propionate, butyrate, and total VFA concentrations were highest for the grain sorghum silage diets. Grain supplementation increased DM and OM digestibilities, but had no effect on digestibilities of NDF, ADF, and starch. Ruminal pH was decreased, but total VFA concentration and acetate : propionate ratio were not affected by grain supplementation.

• Interaction and multiscale mechanics
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.369-379
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• 2008

A combined stochastic diffusion and mean-field model is developed for a systematic study of the grain growth in a pure single-phase polycrystalline material. A corresponding Fokker-Planck continuity equation is formulated, and the interplay/competition of stochastic and curvature-driven mechanisms is investigated. Finite difference results show that the stochastic diffusion coefficient has a strong effect on the growth of small grains in the early stage in both two-dimensional columnar and three-dimensional grain systems, and the corresponding growth exponents are ~0.33 and ~0.25, respectively. With the increase in grain size, the deterministic curvature-driven mechanism becomes dominant and the growth exponent is close to 0.5. The transition ranges between these two mechanisms are about 2-26 and 2-15 nm with boundary energy of 0.01-1 J $m^{-2}$ in two- and three-dimensional systems, respectively. The grain size distribution of a three-dimensional system changes dramatically with increasing time, while it changes a little in a two-dimensional system. The grain size distribution from the combined model is consistent with experimental data available.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.38-43
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• 2000

The environment in which a given genotype is grown may influence its grain quality characteristics. When varieties are $\times$ evaluated over numerous environments, a variety environment interaction usually is observed, but the relative magnitude of environmental(E), genetic(G), and G $\times$ E effects on quality is unclear. In order to determine relative contribution of genotype, environment, and G $\times$ E interaction to the variations observed in grain quality characteristics, 18 Korean wheat cultivars and experimental lines were evaluated in two environments in 1998 and 1999. Correlation coefficients between grain quality and agronomic characteristics were also estimated. The analysis of variance for the optical density obtained by reaction bet- ween gliadin and anti-gliadin polyclonal antibody (AGPab) indicated that gliadin content measured by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay(ELISA) was significantly in- fluenced by environment and cultivar differences. The significant differences of year and year $\times$ location were also found. The ratio of the variances associated with environmental effects to the variances associated with genetic effect gave relatively greater influence of environmental factor on gliadin content. The different protein content from same genotype grown in different environment might be associated with degree of storage protein accumulations. Significant relationships between ELISA and protein content, yield, ten spike weight, and ten spike number were detected. Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity was significantly influenced by year, location, cultivar and year $\times$ location. The variance in grain PPO activities among growing years appeared larger than the variation produced by the cultivar examined. This suggested that the growing environment contributed more to variability in grain PPO concentration.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.134-139
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• 2007

The research was conducted with the aim of determining effects of seedling age on the yield of four fine rice varieties viz., Kalizura, Tulshimala, BRRI (Bang-ladesh Rice Research Institute)-37 and BRRI-38. The seedling of different ages such as 15, 25, 35 and 45 days were transplanted on the same day maintaining $25cm{\times}15cm$ spacing. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The yield and yield contributing characters were influenced by seedling age, variety and their interaction. BRRI-38 gave the highest number of effective tillers $hill^{-1}$, panicle length, total spikelets $panicle^{-1}$, grains $panicle^{-1}$, 1000-grains weight and grain yield. Likewise, yield and yield contributing characters were the highest in 35 days old seedling. On the other hand, the variety (BRRI-38) with the same age as of seedlings 35 days old seedlings was found superior to other interactions, but, in the production of grains $panicle^{-1}$ and 1000-grains weight there was no significant effect in this interaction. From the findings it may be inferred that BRRI-38 with 35 days old seedlings produced the highest grain yield.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.273-278
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• 2014

On poly and single crystalline Cu substrates, the graphene was synthesized by chemical vapor deposition(CVD). Optical microscopic images which were not possible to show the detailed characterization of graphene growth were adjusted and analyzed using image analyzing software. As a result it was possible to show the detailed growth mechanism of graphene by utilizing the image analysis. Nucleation of graphene on Cu grain boundary and its growth behavior into Cu grain are shown. In addition, the movement of graphene grain boundary interacting with Cu grain boundary and pinholes during growth was illustrated in detail, and the cause and result are discussed as a result of those interactions.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.37-41
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• 2010

Creep tests were conducted under a condition of constant stress on two aluminum-based alloys containing particles: Al-5% Mg-0.25% Fe and Al-5% Zn-0.22% Fe. The role of grain boundary sliding was examined in the plane of the surface using a square grid printed on the surface by carbon deposition and perpendicular to the surface using two-beam interferometry. Estimates of the contribution of grain boundary sliding to the total strain, $\varepsilon_{gbs}/\varepsilon_t$ reveal two trends; (i) the sliding contribution is consistently higher in the Al-Mg-Fe alloy, and (ii) the sliding contribution is essentially independent of strain in the Al-Mg-Fe alloy, but it shows a significant decrease with increasing strain in the Al-Zn-Fe alloy. Sliding is inhibited by the presence of particles and its contributions to the total strain are low. This inhibition is attributed to the interaction between the grain boundary dislocations responsible for sliding and particles in the boundaries.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.318-321
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• 2006

This study was conducted in 2002 and 2003 to investigate variation on rice quality associated with cooking, and eating qualities under the three different fertilizer levels, none fertilizer level($N-P_2O_{5-}K_2O=0-0-0kg/ha$), ordinary fertilizer level($N-P_2O_{5-}K_2O=1l0-45-57kg/ha$), and heavy fertilizer level($N-P_2O_{5-}K_2O=180-90-110kg/ha$). The eight resistant near-isogenic lines(NILs) for bacterial blight in rice were examined for grain appearances, several physicochemical properties, and palatability value measured by Toyo taste meter. Significant variations in NILs(V), Years(Y), and VxY interaction were recognized in grain length and palatability value under the none fertilizer cultivation, in grain width under the heavy fertilizer cultivation, and in white belly ratio under the three different fertilizer cultivations, respectively. According to increase the fertilizer application rate, variation in grain length and grain width were not significant, but grain thickness was thinner under the ordinary and heavy fertilizer cultivations than under the none fertilizer cultivation. On the other hand, white belly ratio, protein content and Mg/K ratio increased, while amylose content and palatability value lowered. Alkali spreading value lowed under the heavy fertilizer cultivation than under the none and ordinary fertilizer cultivations. Palatability value was significantly low in the line carrying XalJ than in the other lines under the ordinary fertilizer cultivations.