• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.5-13
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• 2005

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate dual gender identity, masculine gender identity, feminine gender identity, undifferentiated gender identity with related to Sex, home environments, parental child-rearing attitude of warmth, parental child-rearing attitude of control, role division of parents and determine predictors for dual gender identity. Method : Study subjects were $6^{th}$ grade of primary students with 2,118. Data was collected from Oct to Nov 2003 by using structured questionnaire. Results : ${\cdot}$ Among the children, 345 had masculine gender identity, 529 had feminine gender identity, 526 had undifferentiated gender identity, and 718 had dual gender identity. ${\cdot}$ There were significant differences in the children's sex, mother's age, father's age, mother's educational level, father's educational level, existence of mother's job, father's job, social economic status, sex of siblings, mother's job satisfaction, family structure, family atmosphere, child-rearing attitude(warmth and control), role division of parents($p{\leq}0.001$) among 4 groups. ${\cdot}$ The significant predictors for dual gender identity were children's sex (OR = 0,196, P =0.001), father's age(OR = 31.053, p = 0.020), mother's educational level(OR = 43,980, p = 0.001), father's job(OR=27.465, p = 0.001), social economic status(OR=O.941, p=0.001), sex of siblings(OR = 0.329, p = 0.005), mother's job satisfaction(OR = 0.673, p =0.001), family structure(OR = 0.887, p = 0.001), family atmosphere(OR = 23.786, p = 0.001), parental Child-rearing attitude of warmth(OR = 8.043, p = 0.001) and child-rearing attitude of control(OR = 0.666, p = 0.005), role division of parents(OR = 3.009, p = 0.001). Conclusions : These findings suggest the necessity of broad understandings about factors which influence dual gender role, and construction of combinative model. Also they suggest parent education for establishment of children's dual gender identity.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.40-52
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• 2001

This study was undertaken with 237 fifth grade children to investigate the factors, affecting the seafood prefrerence of elementary school children as one of the approaches to find strategies to promote these children's acceptance of seafoods. Subjects for this study were from one public elementary school under meal service located each in Boryeoung-city Chungcheongna Co (coastal area) and Chelowon gen Gangwon do land locked area) The preferences for than those in Boryeong and differences in may items were significant Among four area gender groups girls in Cheolwon had the lowest preference for most seafood items except cephalocoda for which the preference of body in Cheolwon was the lowest Making soup was the least preferred method to cook fish regardless of gender and area, while grilling was the most or the second most preferred in each gender area group Compared to girls bodys had a higher preference for deep frying The seafood preferences of mothers in both areas were similar to those of their children except for processed seafoods which were even more preferred by the children than mothers. Gender, distance from the sea and the method of preparation/cooking seemed to affect the children's preference more than their mother's preference and frequency of serving in the case of seafood. And the effect of gender distance from the sea and cooking methods differed for each seafood category The several suggestions to improve seafood preference especially in land locked area are discussed.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈E:수학교육논문집
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.135-163
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• 2013

본 연구는 수학 학습 관련 긍정적 심리체험 검사지인 PPE-M을 사용하여 측정한 고등학생들의 긍정심리를 집단별로 비교하는데 그 목적이 있다. 본 연구의 목적을 위하여 측정된 자료를 t검증을 통하여 영재학생과 일반학생들 사이의 차이를 살펴보았으며, 또한 학년 및 성별 변인에 따른 차이도 분석하였다. 그리고 계열 변인에 따른 차이를 살펴보기 위해서 일원변량분석(One-way ANOVA)을 실시하였다. 그 결과, PPE-M의 총점에 대하여 영재학생과 일반학생들 간의 유의미한 차이가 있었고, 통찰 정직 뿌듯함 성취감의 4가지 요소를 제외한 나머지 19개의 요소 및 5개의 영역에서도 두 집단 간의 유의미한 차이가 나타났다. 그러나 학년 간의 유의미한 차이는 없었으며, 일반계학생들의 성별에 대한 비교에서는 판단력, 통찰, 정직, 신중함, 배려, 감사와 행복, 몰입, 우월감, 성취감, 쾌감, 뿌듯함, 자기효능감의 12개의 요소를 제외한 나머지 11개의 요소에서는 유의미한 차이가 있었다. 계열에 따른 비교에서는 정직을 제외한 22개의 요소에서 유의미한 차이가 나타났다.

• 영재교육연구
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.663-677
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• 2012

본 연구는 Mayfield와 Mayfield(2010)의 창의적 환경에 대한 인식척도를 학교환경에 맞게 수정하여 요인분석을 통해 타당성을 검증한 연구이다. 또한 이 연구는 집단별 차이분석을 통해 창의적 학교환경에 대한 학생들의 인식에 영향을 주는 요인들을 살펴본 연구이다. 연구대상은 경기지역 초등학생 5~6학년 203명이었다. 요인분석 결과 척도는 창의성을 지지하는 환경요인, 일 특성 요인, 창의성을 저해하는 방해 요인으로 구성되어 있었다. 또한 기존 척도와의 상관분석을 통해 수렴타당성을 검증하였는데 척도가 타당한 것으로 나타났다. 독립표본 t 검증 결과 인식에 집단차이가 있는 것으로 나타났는데 6학년이 5학년보다 학교환경이 창의성을 더 방해하고 있다고 응답했다. 또한 창의적 아이디어를 잘 만들어 내는 행동특성을 보이는 학생의 경우는 학교환경이 창의성을 지지하는 것으로 인식하고 있었고, 부정적인 아이디어 생성행동을 보이는 학생의 경우는 학교환경이 창의성을 저해하고 있는 것으로 인식하고 있었다. 이처럼 창의적 학교 환경에 대한 학생들의 인식은 학년과 창의적 아이디어 생성행동과 관련이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 그러므로 교사는 학년별 그리고 창의적 아이디어 생성행동별 집단차이를 고려하여 창의적 학교환경에 대한 학생들의 인식을 변화시킬 필요가 있다.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.328-341
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• 2001

본 연구는 제3차 국제 수학 과학 성취도 국제 비교 반복 연구(TIMSS-R)의 국제 결과에 대한 일차적 연구로서 첫째, 우리 나라 중학교 2학년 학생들의 과학 성취도의 국제적 수준을 알아보고, 둘째, 지난 4년 동안 세계 각국의 과학 성취도 변화를 파악하며, 셋째, 과학의 각 영역별 성취도의 국제적 수준을 비교 분석하며, 넷째, 남 여학생의 성취도의 차이를 분석하는 것이다. 우리 나라 중학교 2학년 학생의 과학 성취도는 평균 접수는 549 점으로서, 국제 평균 점수인 488점보다 유의미하게 높으며, 국제 5위를 차지하였다. 그러나, 1995년도 TIMSS 4학년 학생들의 성취도와 비교하여 보면 다소 떨어졌다고 볼 수 있다. 여학생들의 평균 점수가 1995년도에 비하여 많이 높아졌으나 여전히 성차가 국재 평균보다 크게 나타났으며, TIMSS와 TIMSS-R 두 결과 사이의 평균 정답율은 거의 비슷하였다.

• 한국보육지원학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.127-144
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• 2022

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the relative influences of senior elementary school children's communication level with their fathers and peer competence on their happiness. Methods: The subjects of this study were 310 fifth and sixth grade students attending elementary school in Jeollanam-do. They responded to the level of communication with their fathers, peer competence, and happiness. For the data, t-test, Pearson's correlation analysis, and hierarchical regression analysis were performed. Results: First, there were some statistically significant differences according to gender differences in self-esteem and a sub-factor of happiness and the differences according to grades in open-type communication and problem-type communication. Second, it was found that children's happiness was highly correlated with communication with their fathers and peer competence. Third, the factors having the greatest relative influence on overall happiness were in the order of peer competence, open-type communication, problem-type communication, and gender. The variables influencing and the order of relative influence differed according to sub-factors of happiness. Conclusion/Implications: The present study revealed that peer competence has a significant impact on children's happiness. The results of this study suggest that research and development of convergent programs that can improve communication with fathers, peer competence, and children's happiness are necessary.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.36-41
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to determine the recognition of body image and food behavior factors according to the BMI. The subjects of this study were 242 7th grade students resided in San Francisco area. The degree of recognition for self-estimated physique of subjects by gender and by race showed no significant differences by gender but significant differences by race, showing that 20.0% was considered as underweight in Asian and 7.5% was considered as underweight in White students. This showed the same tendency as actual physique status (BMI). Also, the ratio of being recognized as more than overweight was 17.3% in Asian, 23.3% in Hispanic, and 13.4% in White students. In case of female students, the ratio of dieting experience was 63.3%, and 49.3% of White students and 63.3% of Hispanic students experienced dieting. In case of students answered not healthy, their body weight were significantly higher than those answered as healthy, and the BMI was also over 19, showing significant differences. Thus cases that answered as not healthy had greater body weight and BMI. Also it showed that frequent dieting experience is related to higher height and weight. The analysis of food behavior factors perceived by body shape showed that the group perceived itself as overweight consumed more 'fast food' but had low scores in 'vegetables' intake, with frequent intake of 'soda' and tendency to 'overeat'. Also, the tendency for 'balanced life' was significantly lower and for skipping breakfast was significantly higher, suggesting problematic food behavior.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권10호
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• pp.413-422
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• 2022

The present study aimed to investigate the extent to which ordinary classrooms teachers are informed are familiar with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder 'ADHD'. The researcher adopted the descriptive approach. The sample of the study consisted of (89) male and female teachers who teach students from grade (1) to grade (6) at public primary schools in Northern Mazar Directorate of Education in Jordan. A questionnaire was employed as the primary tool for collecting the data. The findings of the current study indicated an average level of knowledge of ordinary classroom teachers about ADHD. The findings also indicated that there were no statistically significant differences in the extent of ordinary classroom teachers' knowledge of ADHD due to the variables (gender, qualification, professional experience, grade level being taught).

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권11호
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• pp.127-136
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• 2022

The present study aimed to investigate the extent to which ordinary classrooms teachers are informed are familiar with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder 'ADHD'. The researcher adopted the descriptive approach. The sample of the study consisted of (89) male and female teachers who teach students from grade (1) to grade (6) at public primary schools in Northern Mazar Directorate of Education in Jordan. A questionnaire was employed as the primary tool for collecting the data. The findings of the current study indicated an average level of knowledge of ordinary classroom teachers about ADHD. The findings also indicated that there were no statistically significant differences in the extent of ordinary classroom teachers' knowledge of ADHD due to the variables (gender, qualification, professional experience, grade level being taught).

• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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• 제4권
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• pp.43-59
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to examine whether the gender, grade and school type of middle school students made any differences to their sexual awareness and sexual behaviors in an effort to lay the groundwork for providing more efficient sex education. The research questions were posed as follows: First, what is the sexual awareness of middle school students? Second, what are the sexual behaviors of middle school students? Third, are their gender, school year and school type related to their sexual awareness and behaviors? The subjects in this study were 976 middle school students from Gyeonggi province. After a survey was conducted with questionnaires prepared by this researcher based on earlier studies to suit the purpose of the study, the collected data were analyzed with SPSS 10.0 program. The frequency analysis, x2 test and correlational analysis were implemented, and basic statistical data were obtained. The conclusions were as follows: First, regarding their sexual awareness, the largest group of them agreed that one must report in case of being raped(4.36), and the smallest number of them thought that one might have a sexual relationship with a person other than his or her spouse after marriage(1.56). Second, as for experience of indecent materials, part of sexual behaviors, 67.4 percent had ever contacted such materials. The most common medium through which they contacted them was the Internet(56.5%). The above-mentioned findings suggested that the sexual awareness of the middle school students wasn't influenced by gender or school type. But that varied with grade, as the third graders had the best sexual consciousness. Their sexual behaviors were different according to gender. The boy students contacted more indecent materials, and their experience of such materials varied with grade, since the third graders contacted the most obscene materials. And that also varied with school type, and the non-engineering students contacted more obscene materials. As for sexual drives, their masturbation experience was different according to gender, grade and school type. The number of the boys who practiced masturbation was four-fold larger than that of the girls, and the second graders had more such experience. By school type, the non-engineering students practiced more masturbation, but there was no significant gap between their kissing, caressing and dating experiences.