• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.216-226
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• 2018

The combination dyeing have been attempted to get the various color. The objective of this research was to study the color developing effects on cotton fabrics dyed with persimmon, catechu and combination of the both by heat treatment process. These dye were applied on bleached cotton fabrics for the dyeing before post mordanting with aluminium potassium sulfate, copper sulfate, and iron sulfate. The various color changes on cotton fabric were measured by color spectrophotometer. The heat treatment of temperature around $150^{\circ}C$ for an hour can reach the highest color developing. The dyed fabrics with mordanting were heated for specific time period, which was compared without the mordanting. The post mordanted fabrics showed that more various colors can be obtained using combination dyeing. K/S values of dyed fabrics with Al, Fe, and Cu mordants were higher than the cases without mordants. The Cu mordanted fabric showed very effective color developing by the heating process. The fabrics dyed with catechu lowered L* value with little changes in a* and b* values, while the a* and b* values became higher with heat treatment. The fabrics dyed with persimmon has the lowest L* value and more changes in a*, b* value with heating process. Therefore, K/S values can be increased effectively by the combination dyeing of persimmon and catechu. Colorfastness to washing in color change was grade 2-3 in non-mordanted fabric, and grade 3 in mordanted fabric. Lightfastness of the dyed fabrics was above grade 4.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.163-178
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• 2021

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical factors affecting the longevity of fixed retainers and the influence of fixed retainers on periodontal health in periodontitis patients. Methods: In total, 52 patients with at least 2 years of follow-up after periodontal and orthodontic treatment were included in this study. After scaling and root planing, orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances or clear aligners was performed. Fixed retainers with twist-flex stainless steel wires were bonded to the palatal or lingual sides of anterior teeth. Changes in clinical parameters, including the plaque index, gingival index, calculus index (CI), probing pocket depth, and radiographic bone levels, were evaluated before bonding of fixed retainers and at a 12-month follow-up. Cumulative survival rates (CSRs) for retainer failure were evaluated according to sex, site, CI, stage of periodontitis, and the severity of the irregularity with the log-rank test and hazard ratios (HRs). Results: Twelve months after bonding of fixed retainers, improvements were observed in all clinical parameters except CI and radiographic bone gain. The overall CSR of the retainers with a CI <1 at the 12-month follow-up after bonding of fixed retainers was significantly higher than that of the retainers with a CI ≥1 at the 12-month follow-up (log-rank test; P<0.001). Patients with stage III (grade B or C) periodontitis had a higher multivariate HR for retainer failure (5.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.22-23.91; P=0.026) than patients with stage I (grade A or B) periodontitis. Conclusions: Although fixed retainers were bonded in periodontitis patients, periodontal health was well maintained if supportive periodontal treatment with repeated oral hygiene education was provided. Nonetheless, fixed retainer failure occurred more frequently in patients who had stage III (grade B or C) periodontitis or a CI ≥1 at 12-month follow-up after bonding of fixed retainers.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.23-32
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• 2002

To establish an effective in vivo Hanwoo embryo production system, several factors including types of FSH analogue, FSH treatment day, grade of Corpus Luteum were examined. Among FSH analogues. Super-OV was shown to have lower effect on transferable embryo production (P<0.01). Regarding the day of FSH treatment, there were significant difference in estrus status of donors(P<0.1), fertilization rate, and transferable and freezable embryo production(P<0.05). Finally, embryo production was significantly(P<0.01) higher in grade A (8.06 ∼9.49) Corpus Luteum which showed more than 6 on the left or right ovary than in grade B, C and D(2.93∼6.28).

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.238-247
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was done to develop an evidence-based practice guideline for catheter dysfunction in hemodialysis patients. Methods: Development of the guideline process was done according to the De Novo development version 1.0 by NECA which consists of 12 steps. Results: The developed guideline consisted of 5 domains and 14 recommendations. The number of recommendations for each domain were: 3 on catheter dysfunction assessment, 1 on conservative management of catheter dysfunction, 7 on drug management of catheter dysfunction, 1 on catheter function test and 2 on maintenance management. Of the recommendations, 7.15% were marked as A grade, 52.85% of B grade, and 50% of C grade. Conclusion: Findings in this study indicate that this guideline can be added to the evidence-based practice guidelines for fundamentals of practice and that this guideline can be disseminated to nurses nationwide in order to improve the care of hemodialysis patients with catheter dysfunction.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.691-702
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to provide basic information on the propriety of the ready to wear garment sizes of Tween Generation(ages from 5th grade to 8th grade) who has different clothing preferences in color, styles, and design and also different body sizes and shapes from younger and older students. The objectives of the study were to ascertain (a) the body figure changes occurring during Tween Generation; (b) the coverage of manufactures'garment sizes. The body measurements of elementary school students(5th & 6th grades) and junior high school students(7th & 8th grades) provide the basic statistics for this study. The mean differences of each size within each figure type are compared by using t-teats. The differences in various manufacturers'apparel sizing and figure size are investigated. Also the body measurements and the apparel sizes of the manufacturers are compared in order to evaluate the suitability of the garment size. Results indicate that the body type factors are different in each age group. And manufactures'sizes come out to be much smaller than the actual body measurements. Young casual wear can cover junior high school students satisfactorily but for elementary school students, because of low drop-value, the overall satisfaction with filling is low.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.217-225
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• 2015

Purpose: To investigate the outcomes of patients with spinal metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), who were treated by stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). Materials and Methods: This retrospective study evaluated 23 patients who underwent SBRT from October 2008 to August 2012 for 36 spinal metastases from HCC. SBRT consisted of approximately 2 fractionation schedules, which were 18 to 40 Gy in 1 to 4 fractions for group A lesions (n = 15) and 50 Gy in 10 fractions for group B lesions (n = 21). Results: The median follow-up period was 7 months (range, 2 to 16 months). Seven patients developed grade 1 or 2 gastrointestinal toxicity, and one developed grade 2 leucopenia. Compression fractures occurred in association with 25% of the lesions, with a median time to fracture of 2 months. Pain relief occurred in 92.3% and 68.4% of group A and B lesions, respectively. Radiologic response (complete and partial response) occurred in 80.0% and 61.9% of group A and B lesions, respectively. The estimated 1-year spinal-tumor progression-free survival rate was 78.5%. The median overall survival period and 1-year overall survival rate were 9 months (range, 2 to 16 months) and 25.7%, respectively. Conclusion: SBRT for spinal metastases from HCC is well tolerated and effective at providing pain relief and radiologic response. Because compression fractures develop at a high rate following SBRT for spinal metastases from primary HCC, careful follow up of the patient is required.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.23-30
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• 1988

This experiment was carried out to obtain the basic information for the improving of leaf quality by topping time and depth in flue-cured tobacco. Development of palisade parenchyma and spongy parenchyma were in order of button stage＆gt;early flower stage＆gt;late flower stage by topping time, and were in order of 4th leaf topping from floral axis＆gt;2nd leaf topping from floral axis＆gt;floral axis by topping depth. When 2nd leaf from floral axis were topped at late flower stage in A grade field and at early flower stage in B grade field, total sugar to nicotine ratio ralating to organoleptic characteristics were desirable as 9.0 and 9.7, and petroleum ether extract contents relating flavor of flue-cured tobacco were high as 9.9% and 8.4%, respectively. In ecological tissue, percentage of direct effect on quality were 43.2% in palisade parenchyma. 26.5% in spongy parechyma. 17.7% in tissue ratio, 6.7% in leaf thickness, 3.1% in intercellular space, 2.8% in leaf type and in chemical components, were 40.6% in nicotine. 35.7% in T-sugar/nicotine, 10.0% in total sugar, 7.0% in T-nitrogen/nicotine, 4.6% in total nitrogen, 2.1% in petroleum ether extract. The optimum topping depth were desirable at topping under second leaf from floral axis at late flower stage in A grade field and at early flower stage in B grade field for good leaf quality.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.39-48
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• 2006

This study was carried out to make a search for the usefulness of marigold plants (Tagetes erecta) as a natural dye. And we have also examined into the dyeability and antifungal activity of silk and cotton fabrics dyed with 2% powdered colorant and 1% liquid colorant. Almost surface colors of silk and cotton fabrics dyed with 2% powdered colorant and that dyed with 1% liquid colorant except for that treated Cu and Fe with mordants were shown by Y-level. $L^*$ values of silk fabrics dyed with 2% powdered colorant were 66.2 to 86.39, those $a^*$ values were -1.97 to 6.09, and those $b^*$ values were 13.69 to 35.97. And $L^*$ values of cotton fabrics dyed with 2% powdered colorant were 78.97 to 89.62, those a values were -3.39 to 0.38, and those $b^*$ values were 5.63 to 15.61 $L^*$ values of silk fabrics dyed with 1% liquid colorant were 34.37 to 85.57, those a values were -7.79 to 12.33, and those $b^*$ values were 15.13 to 82.91, And $L^*$ values of cotton fabrics dyed with 1% liquid colorant were 44.12 to 87.90, those $a^*$ values were -8.37 to 6.18, and those $b^*$ values were 11.65 to 78.87. Colorfastness of silk fabrics against light treated nothing with mordants and that dyed with 1% liquid colorant decreased for a little by second grade, however, that against washing, rubbing, perspiration and dry cleaning were increased over fourth grade. Colorfastness of cotton fabrics in terms of rubbing, light, and dry cleaning, except for washing and perspiration, were shown by over third grade, when that was treated nothing with mordants. Antifungal activities of silk fabrics treated nothing with mordants and dyed with 1% liquid colorant of marigold extracts were shown by 28.9% against Staphylococcus aureus. However, those of Al, Ca, Cu and tartaric acid mordanting were more than 25.5% against Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.4507-4511
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• 2014

Background: Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease comprising of distinct biological subtypes with many targeted prognostic biomarkers having therapeutic implications. However, no specific targeted therapy for triple negative breast cancer has been discovered to date and hence further research is needed. Aim: The aim and objectives of the present study were to examine the prevalence of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) in North-East India and to compare the clinicopathological parameters in two study groups defined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) - "TNBC" and "Others". Materials and Methods: We carried out a retrospective study in a cohort of 972 patients diagnosed with invasive breast carcinoma in the Department of Pathology, Dr. B. Borooah Cancer Institute, a Regional Cancer Centre for treatment and research, Guwahati, for a period of 3 years and 10 months from January 2010 to October 2013. Based on IHC findings, patients were divided into two groups - "TNBC" and "Others". All relevant clinicopathological parameters were compared in both. TNBC were defined as those that were estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and HER2/neu negative while those positive for any of these markers were defined as "Others". Results: In this study, out of total 972 cases 31.9% (310 cases) were defined as TNBC and 662 cases (68.1%) as "Others" based on IHC markers. Compared to the "Others" category, TNBC presented at an early age (mean 40 years), were associated with high grade large tumours and high rate of node positivity, IDC NOS being the most common histological subtype in TNBC. Conclusions: TNBC accounts for a significant portion of breast cancers in this part of India and commonly present at younger age and tend to be large high grade tumours.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.154-168
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• 2015

Purpose: This study aimed to adapt the previously developed, high-quality oral care guideline for the usage in clinical settings in Korea. Methods: Guideline adaptation process was undertaken according to the guideline adaptation manual version 2.0 developed by National Evidence-based Healthcare Collaborating Agency (Kim, et al., 2011) and the standardized methodology for nursing practice guideline adaptation (Gu, et al. 2012). Results: The adapted oral care guideline was consisted of 10 domains and 85 recommendations. The number of recommendations in each domain were: 4 general issues, 2 oral care indications, 10 oral assessment 16 general oral care, 15 oral care for critically ill, 15 oral care for cancer patients, 14 oral care for cancer patients withoral complications, 5 oral careeducation, 2 oral care referral, and 2 documentation and report. Ten point six percent of the recommendations were rated as grade A, 20.0% as grade B grade, and more than half (69.4%) were rated as grade C. Conclusion: The adapted oral care practice guideline is expected to included the evidence-based practice guidelines as fundamentalss of nursing practice. Dissemination of the developed guideline nationwide would contribute improving the efficiency of oral care practice.