• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 1999.05a
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• pp.685-687
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• 1999

We prepared ZnO thin film with Facing Targets Sputtering system that can deposit thin film in plasma-free situation and change the deposition condition in wide range. And prepared thin films c-axis orientation and grain size were analyzed by XRD(x-ray dffractometer). In the results, we suggest that FTS system is very suitable to preparing high quality ZnO thin film with good c-axis orientation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 1993.10a
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• pp.877-885
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• 1993

Three types of solar grain dryers, namely , the solar grain bin dryer, the solar greenhouse rotary drum dryer and small scale solar green house tray dryer, have been tested. The results showed that each type of solar grain dryer has its feature. These solar drying units have three main advantages : (1) Required commercial energy to remove 1Kg moist from rough rice is only 5.3% to 15.8% of the energy consumed by common heated dryer : 2) The area of solar drying system is only about 10% of the area of the sunny ground to give equal drying capacity ; (3) There are good drying quality in the moisture uniform , germination percentage, and grain color.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.10-10
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• 2022

The concern about food security is rising as the unstable situation of food supply and demand due to the Covid-19 pandemic, climate change, and turbulent political situation. Korea's global food security index (GFSI), analyzed by the Economist Group, is considered good, but the level continuously decreases in comparing food security levels by country. In particular, Korea is highly dependent on food imports, and food and grain self-sufficiency rates continuously decrease. Therefore, increasing those rates to strengthen food security is urgent. Among the major grains, the self-sufficiency of wheat, com, and soybeans, except rice, is relatively low. Unlike the decrease in the annual rice consumption, the annual wheat consumption has been continuously maintained or increased, which is required public-private efforts to increase the self-sufficiency rate of wheat. Applying the government's policies implemented to increase the self-sufficiency rate of rice in the past will help increase the self-sufficiency rate of wheat. In other words, expanding wheat production and infrastructure, stabilizing supply and demand, and establishing a distribution system can be applied. However, the processing capability of wheat and rice is different, which is necessary to improve wheat quality and processing technology to produce consumer-preferred wheat-based products. The wheat and flour quality can be improved through breeding, cultivation, post-harvest management, and milling. In addition, research on formulation, processes, packaging, and storage to improve the quality of wheat-based products should be done continuously. Overall, food security could be strengthened by expanding wheat production and consumption, improving wheat quality, and increasing wheat self-sufficiency.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.123-129
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• 1982

To determine the optimum harvesting date with good grain yield and quality, six different harvesting dates were tested from 25 to 50 days heading with five days intervals, using two varieties of Baekdong, naked barley and Olmil, wheat. The dates when grain yield, 1,000 grain weight and grain/whole spike weight ratio were reached to the highest were 35 and 40 days after heading for Baekdong and Olmil, respectively. Various grain qualities such as unhulled grain, plumpness, protein content and whiteness of grain were also very good at that times. One day earlier harvesting before the optimum dates resulted in yield decreases by 3.9% for Baekdong and 4.4% for Olmil. And it might be delayed for each 5 days with Combine harvesting.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.19-19
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• 2022

Hulled and naked oat is a perspective crop for the low input production systems due to its low requirements for soil quality and nutrition. Oats have good competitive ability against weeds and can provide appropriate yield in organic farming in comparison with other cereal species such as wheat or barley. It is a perspective crop from the point of view of use in the food industry too. The aim of our study was to compare the production and quality parameters of naked and hulled oat grown in both organic (OF) and conventional fields (CF). Small plot trials were conducted in two locations in the Czech Republic (České Budějovice, Prague) for four years (2018-2021) in two production systems (OF, and CF). We used four varieties of hulled oat (Korok, Kertag, Raven, Seldon) and one variety of naked oat (Patrik). During the vegetation, agronomically important data were recorded. After harvest samples were processed in the laboratory and analyzed selected quality parameters of grain dry matter (the protein content was determined by the Kjeldahl method, starch content in grain according to Ewers, fat content in grain dry matter by the modified method according to Soxhlet, and ash content in grain dry matter). The data were evaluated using the program STATISTICA version 13.2, StatSoft, Inc., California, USA. It is clear from the results that the number of panicles before the harvest was influenced by the location, cultivation system, year, and, to a lesser extent, the influence of the variety. The number of panicles in OF averaged 340 per square meter, which was 90% of the value of CF. For thousand grain weight (TGW), a significantly predominant effect of year was found. The independent effect of location on TGW was statistically not significant. Grain yield was predominantly influenced by cultivation system and location. In OF, it reached an average of 3.97 t.ha^-1, which was 75% of the yield of CF. As part of the evaluation of the basic grain quality indicators, the content of protein, starch, fat, and ash in the dry matter of the grain was evaluated. The content of protein in the dry matter of the grain was predominantly influenced by year, followed by the influence of the variety and a fairly comparable influence of the cultivation system and locality. On average, it achieved 16.05% in OF and 17.01% in CF. The starch content was then related to the protein content, where as a result of the lower protein content in the grain of OF oats, the content of starch and fat was on the contrary increased. The year turned out to be the most significant factor, affecting both the starch content in the dry matter of the grain and the fat content. This was followed again by a fairly comparable influence on the cultivation system and locality. The influence of the cultivation system and location was not statistically significantly applied in the case of ash content in dry matter. Based on our results we can propose both types of oat (hulled and naked) as perspective crops for OF. An organic farmer can expect to achieve stable yields which, in less favorable conditions for the production of cereals in the OF, may be close to the level of conventional yields. In the future, it will be important to change agrotechnology in OF and increase oat yield because this crop has a good potential to grow in areas with low nitrogen input or less fertile soil.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.38-44
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• 1994

The study was conducted to investigate some grain quality characters related with brewing fittness for rice wine by adopting eight rice varieties as materials. Six japonica rice varieties except two Tongil-type rice had short and round grain of 1.80 or lower grain length/width ratio. 1000-grain weight of brown rice was 21.7~29.5g of significant difference among varieties. The white-center of rice grain was most severe in Hidahomare and Iri 402. Among tested varieties, Seomjinbyeo, Iri 402, Dongjinbyeo and Hidahomare had 50% or higher head rice ratio, while the others had relatively worse milling properties resulted from higher ratio of notched-belly and broken grain. Chemical components and total acid and amino acid content of refined rice wine was relatively good in every variety. Liquifying and saccharificating power was higher and koji conditon was also good in the varieties of high head rice ratio. Seomjinbyeo, Dongjinbyeo and Iri 402 was preferred in sensory test of refined wine and was recognized as superior adaptable rice varieties for brewing rice wine.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.13-13
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• 2017

By the progress of genome sequencing, infrastructures for marker-assisted breeding (MAB) of rice came to be established. Fine mapping and gene isolation have been conducted using the breeding materials derived from natural variations and artificial mutants. Such genetic analysis by the genome-wide dense markers provided us the knowledge about the many genes controlling important traits. We identified several genes or quantitative trait loci (QTL) for heading date, blast resistance, eating quality, high-temperature stress tolerance, and so on. NILs of each gene controlling heading date contribute to elongate the rice harvest period. Determination of precise gene location of blast resistance gene pi21, allowed us to overcome linkage drag, co-introduction of undesirable eating quality. We could also breed the first practical rice cultivar in Japan with a brown planthopper resistance gene bph11 in the genetic back-ground of an elite cultivar. Discovery of major and minor QTLs for good eating quality allowed us to fine-tune of eating quality according to the rice planting area or usage of rice grain. Many rice cultivars have bred efficiently by MAB for several traits, or by marker-assisted backcross breeding through chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) using genetically diverse accessions. We are also systematically supporting the crop breeding of other sectors by MAB or by providing resources such as CSSLs. It is possible to pyramid many genes for important traits by using MAB, but is still difficult to improve the yielding ability. We are performing a Genomic Selection (GS) for improvement of rice biomass and grain yield. We are also trying to apply the genome editing technology for high yield rice breeding.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.101-118
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• 2008

This paper reviews the present situation of Triticale cultivation and examines the potentiality of contribution to livestock as well as poultry sector in Bangladesh Agriculture. Triticale is a human-made cross between rye and durum wheat that has the ability to produce quality green fodder, and then re-grow after first and second cutting to produce grain. In Bangladesh, it is a non-traditional cereal that grows well during the cool and dry Rabi season (November-March) when fodder and feed scarcity is a major limiting factor for ruminant livestock. In Bangladesh Triticale was started to grow in the late Ninety's. The scientists of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) were first introduced triticale in Bangladesh. Still now the situation of Triticale is grown as fooder and feed in Bangladesh within the scientists under trial. High quality grass fodder was obtained by cutting green triticale plants twice, at 35 and 50 days after seeding, while later the ratooning tillers produced grain to a yield of 1.1-2.4 t/ha of grain for poultry feed or human food. Triticale straw was twice as nutritious as rice or wheat straw and its grain contained more protein than other cereals. Researchers and farmers have also successfully made triticale hay and silage from a mixture of triticale green cuttings, rice straw and molasses. A feeding trial at Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute(BLRI), Savar station showed a large(46%) increase in cow live weight gain and a 36% increase in milk yield (but no change in milk quality or dry matter intake) in cows fed triticale silage compared with those fed rice straw over a period of nine weeks. In another feeding trial, it was found that triticale grain was a good replacement for wheat in the feed blend for chickens in Bangladesh. So it will be a good chance to alive our livestock as well as poultry sector if triticale enters to our existing cropping system as fodder cum grain. The challenge in Bangladesh is to identify fodder technologies that match existing small-scale farmer cropping patterns without needing major inputs or increasing risks. Preliminary field experiments revealed that triticale is a crop with good potential to produce quality fodder and grain for small scale farmers in Bangladesh.

• The Korean Journal of Food & Health Convergence
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.17-20
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• 2020

Wheat is the most abundant crop in the world, accounting for one third of the world's population diet. In Ukraine, wheat is in fact, in addition to its nutritional value, a national symbol of the state. Therefore, the main thesis on the development of modern plant growing in Ukraine is the reduction of costs and the introduction of innovative technologies. The quality of grain and seed depends on many factors, namely: agro-climatic conditions, sowing condition of the seed material, quality characteristics of the soil, yielding properties of seeds, pre-sowing seed treatment. etc. For this purpose, the photosynthesis and intensity of photosynthesis need to be limited to the width of the leaf and the height of the leaves by a smaller cut of the stem. It is extremely important to ensure that the head and side pagons of wheat are in good condition. All parameters are often secured by the technology of grain preparation before delivery. Prior to this technology, it is possible to introduce processing of the material in the form for the development of the material. This article presents the effectiveness of the use of infrared irradiation for the pre-sowing treatment of winter wheat seeds in Sekobra Research, Germany.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.62-67
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• 1986

Forty-nine malting barley varieties were tested at 3 and 8 weeks after harvest, stored in natural glasshouse so as to investigate varietal variation of germinative energy(GE), capacity(GC) and water sensitivity(WS). The differences among GE, GC, promptness index(PI), and WS on paper at two moisture levels (4$m\ell$ and 8$m\ell$ tests) were great at 3 weeks after harvest, but small at 8 weeks after harvest. Excess water depressed the germination of dormant grains. The GE of whole varieties were excellent, but WS of only two varieties, CI 12062 and CI 15631 were bad at 8 weeks after harvest. So in the case of broad germplasm to be used for crossing materials, it is suggested that WS will be tested to screen good quality malting lines. WS was highly significantly correlated with GE, GC, and PI of 8 ml test, but was not with three factors of 4 $m\ell$ test. GE and WS were various with storage period, varieties and grain plumpness, indicated that breeding good grain-filling varieties and improving production practice for good grain-filling would be studied in the future.