• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.141-150
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to analyze the golf swing motion for a soft golf clubs and regular golf club. Soft golf is a newly developed recreational sports for all ages, including the elderly and the beginners of golf. To quantify the effect of using soft golf club, which much lighter club than regular clubs, a motion analysis has been performed using a 3D optoelectric motion tracking system that utilizes active infrared LEDs and near-infrared sensors. The subject performed swing motion using a regular golf club and a soft golf club in turn. The obtained motion capture data was used to build a 3D computer simulation model to obtain left wrist, elbow shoulder and lumbar joint force and torque using inverse and forward dynamics calculations. The joint force and torque during soft golf swing were lower than regular golf swing. The analysis gave better understanding of the effectiveness of the soft golf club.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.643-644
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to experimentally analyze swing motion with soft golf clubs and compare with that with normal golf clubs. Soft golf is newly devised recreational sport based on golf but focus on the playability for the elderly. The subject fur the experiment performed swing motion using a normal golf club and a soft golf club in turn. The swing motion of the subjects was tracked using an opto-electric three-dimensional motion analysis system. The results were compared against those obtained with a normal golf club. The range of motion was analyzed along with top head speed for two cases. It was found that higher club head speed could be achieved with reduced range of motion at lumbar joint using soft golf club when compared against the swing using regular club. The lower range of motion fur lumbar bending means reduced risk of injury at the joint. So, it is projected that we can reduce the risk of injury with soft golf while maintaining the club head speed.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.85-95
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• 2011

Three-dimensional(3D) motion analysis is a useful tool for analyzing sports performance. During the last few decades, advances in motion analysis equipment have enabled us to perform more and more complicated biomechanical analyses. Nevertheless, considering the complexity of biomechanical models and the amount of data recorded from the motion analysis system, subsequent processing of these data is required for event-specific motion analysis. The purpose of this study was to develop a basic golf swing analysis algorithm using a state-of-the-art VICON motion analysis system. The algorithm was developed to facilitate golf swing analysis, with special emphasis on 3D motion analysis and high-speed motion capture, which are not easily available from typical video camera systems. Furthermore, the developed algorithm generates golf swing-specific kinematic and kinetic variables that can easily be used by golfers and coaches who do not have advanced biomechanical knowledge. We provide a basic algorithm to convert massive and complicated VICON data to common golf swing-related variables. Future development is necessary for more practical and efficient golf swing analysis.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.151-161
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• 2010

Soft Golf is a newly developed recreational sport in our research team aimed to become a safe and easy-to-learn sport for all ages. The advantage of Soft Golf stems from lighter weight of the club and much larger area of the sweet spot. The purpose of this study is to analyze ground reaction force(GRF) and joint angle during soft Golf club and regular golf club swing. The GRF of golf swing was recorded by 3-D motion analysis system and forceplate. The joint angle of golf swing was obtained from computer simulation model. The GRF and joint angle of golf swing are used to analysis of golf swing pattern. The pattern of GRF and joint angle during soft golf club swing was similar to that during regular golf club swing. This result means that soft golf club reduces the risk of injury and has an effect on similar entertainment of regular golf.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.472-478
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to analyze the kinetic effect of Soft-$golf^{TM}$ instrument on the human body structure. To analyze the kinetic effect of Soft-$golf^{TM}$ instrument, Golf swing using Soft-$golf^{TM}$ instrument and regular golf instrument was captured. And then Upper limbs and lumbar joint torques was calculated via computer simulation. Five man participated this study. Subjects performed golf swing using a regular golf and Soft-$golf^{TM}$ instrument. Golf swing motion was captured using three position sensor, active infrared LED maker and force plate. Golf swing model was generated and simulated using ADAMS/LifeMOD program. As a results, joint torque during Soft-golf swing were lower than regular golf swing. Thus soft-golf swing have joint load lower than regular golf swing and contribute to reduce joint injury.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.162-168
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• 2010

Low back pain is a common phenomenon among the golfers. In an attempt to understand low back pain, the kinematic changes and golf swing motion analysis has been performed to focus on lumbar spine in pro. golfers. According to the swing pattern, significant variations of the lumbar joint forces and loads has related with muscles activities so the motion analysis of lumbar spine were discussed. The purpose of this study was to analyze motion of lumbar spine and it was to compare joint force during golf swing in pro. golfers. The swing motion of the subjects was tracked using a 3D motion analysis system by Motion Analysis Ltd. and SIMM software. The angle changes of lumbar spine rapidly in vx direction during the top back swing and the finish and in vy direction during the follow through and in vz direction during the down swing and the impact(Subject A). The angle changes of lumbar spine rapidly in vx direction during the top back swing and in vy direction during the down swing, the impact and the follow through and in vz direction during the down swing(Subject B). In conclusion, subject A and B both show sudden angle changes between 1st-3rd lumbar spine and 4th-5th lumbar spine during the stage from address to top back swing which caused by over upper body twisting.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.99-115
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• 2004

In order to Know the correct swing methods in golf swing it is important to understand the whole swing path but also the concept of swing plane. But, most amateur golfers don't Know the concept of swing plane well. Therefore this study was trying to make a good material that makes the concept of swing plane easy to understand. A good swing motion data was obtained from a professional golfer using the three-dimensional DLT method. This swing motion was divided into 10 phases and evaluated using the concept of swing plane. The result of the analyze show a good matches between the path of the club and swing plane. This result was summarized as a 3 dimensional graphics to provide a good material to teach the golf swing well.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.522-525
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to analyze the pattern of muscle usage during swing motion with a soft golf club in comparison with that with a normal golf club. The subjects were normal healthy young adults. The subjects performed swing motion using normal and soft golf clubs in turn. Then, we compared and analyzed the muscular activities for the two cases. The muscular activities of the subject was measured using MP100(BIOPAC Systems, Inc.). For the analysis of muscular activities, we measured EMG(Electromyography) of the subjects during swing motion. The muscles analyzed were deltoid, latissimus dorsi, external oblique, and rectus abdominis of the upper limbs and rectus femoris, biceps femoris, gastrocnemius, and soleus of the lower limbs. The result of the experiment showed that the pattern of muscle usage with soft golf club was similar to that with a normal golf club but the muscular activities with the soft golf was smaller than that with the normal golf club.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Computer Game
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.61-70
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• 2018

In this paper, we propose a synchronized playback method of 3D reference model and video by extracting golf swing information from learner's golf video to precisely compare and analyze each motion in each position and time in the golf swing, and present the implementation result. In order to synchronize the 3D model with the learner's swing video, the learner's golf swing movie is first photographed and relative time information is extracted from the photographed video according to the position of the golf club from the address posture to the finishing posture. Through applying time information from learners' swing video to a 3D reference model that rigs the motion information of a pro-golfer's captured swing motion at 120 frames per second through high-quality motion capture equipment into a 3D model and by synchronizing the 3D reference model with the learner's swing video, the learner can correct or learn his / her posture by precisely comparing his or her posture with the reference model at each position of the golf swing. Synchronized playback can be used to improve the functionality of manually adjusting system for comparing and analyzing the reference model and learner's golf swing. Except for the part where the image processing technology that detects each position of the golf posture is applied, It is expected that the method of automatically extracting the time information of each location from the video and of synchronized playback can be extended to general life sports field.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.147-152
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• 2022

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of club head and golf ball kinematics and body alignment according to the swing plane during golf driver swing. Method: Sixteen college golfers participated in this study. Kinematic data of the club head and golf ball were collected using golf swing analysis system (Trackman Ver. 3e). The body alignment variables were collected using 8 motion capture system. An Independent samples t-test was used for comparison between the Out-to-In group and In-to-Out group, and the statistical significance level was set at .05. Results: For the club head related variables, club path and club face angle showed higher values in Out-to-In swing plane than In-to-Out swing plane. For the kinematic variables of the golf ball, the total distance showed a higher value in the In-to-Out swing plane than that of the Out-to-In swing plane. For the body alignment, the In-to-Out swing plane showed higher values than the Out-to-In swing plane for the pelvis rotation angle and trunk rotation angle. Conclusion: This study suggest that it would be more effective to use the In-to-Out swing plane for increasing the total distance during the golf driver swing.