• 제목/요약/키워드: gold deposits

검색결과 150건 처리시간 0.025초

한국(韓國) 일부(一部) 금(金)·은(銀) 광상(鑛床)에서 산출(産出)되는 금(金)·은(銀) 광물(鑛物)과 광상(鑛床)의 생성조건(生成條件)(I) -청주(淸州) 금(金)·은(銀) 광산(鑛山)- (Gold-Silver mineals and the chemical environments of some gold-silver deposits, Republic of Korea(I) -Cheongju gold-silver mine-)

  • 이현구;최진우
    • 자원환경지질
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    • 제21권3호
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    • pp.287-307
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    • 1988
  • The Cheongju gold-silver mine is located at approximately $36^{\circ}28^{\prime}$north latitude and $127^{\circ}31^{\prime}$ east longitude in the Cheongju City of the Chung cheong bug Do, South Korea. Gold-Silver bearing hydrothermal quartz veins, occur in Cheongju Granit of Jurassic age. K-Ar isotope data for sericite in quartz vein indicate that the Au-Ag mineralization took place in early Cretaceous ($97.5{\pm}2.18$ MA. Park, et ai, 1986). Three stage of mineralization recognized anre, from early to later, (I) Sulide stage: pyrite, arsenopyrite, pyrrhotite (Hpo), sphalerite, chalcopyrite, electrum and quartz (II) Electrum stage: pyrite, sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite, electrum and quartz. (III) Silver mineral stage: pyrite, marcasite, pyrrhotite (Mpo), sphalerite, galena, electrum, native silver argentite, fluorite, calcite and quartz. In this paper, mode of occurrences and chemical compositions of electum and native silver have been investigated by means of microscope and EPMA. Electron probe microanalysis shows that an individual grain of electrum is almost homogeneous in composition. Silver content of electrum ranges from 44.7-67.1 atom.%. Gold content of native silver ranges below 0.2 atom. %. Vicker's hardness number (VHN) of electrum and native silver ranges $78.2-81.8kg/mm^{2}$ respectively. The filling temperature of fluid inclusions in quartz ranges from $130-280^{\circ}C$. On the basis of arsenpyrite geothemometer, the equilibrium temperature and sulfur fugacity of the pyrite-arsenopyrite-pyrrhotite(Hpo) assemblage is assumed to be in ange from $300-310^{\circ}C$ and $10^{-10}$ to $10^{-11}$ atm. The estimated ore reserviors on Cheongju mine area are calculated to 8000 T/M, averaing 8.6g/t Au, 27.8 g/t Ag, 1.25% Pb, l.65% Zn.

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한반도 천안-청양-논산지역 광화대내 금-은 열수광상의 안정동위원소 및 유체포유물 연구 : 청양지역 (Stable Isotope and Fluid Inclusion Studies of Gold-Silver-Bearing Hyarothermal-Vein Deposits, Cheonan-Cheongyang-Nonsan Mining District, Republic of Korea: Cheongyang Area)

  • 소칠섭;;지세정;최상훈
    • 자원환경지질
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    • 제21권2호
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    • pp.149-164
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    • 1988
  • 청양지역 광화대 금-은 광상들은 화강편마암내의 단층대를 충진한 수개조의 함 금-은 열수맥상 광체로 구성된다. 광화작용의 시기는 $127.1{\pm}2.8\;Ma$이고, 열수광화작용은 구조운동에 시기적으로 2회에 걸쳐 진행되었다. 공생광물의 유체포유물 및 안정동위원소 연구에 의하면, 초기 약 $340^{\circ}$의 고온에서 $180^{\circ}$에 이르는 제 I 광화시기에는 일렉트럼 (42.2-66.8mole % Au), 농홍은석, 함은사면동석, 휘은석, 유비철서, 방연석, 황동석 및 섬아연석 $X_{FeS}{\fallingdotseq}0.13$)등이, ${\delta}^{34}S_{{\sum}S}$=2-5%, $fs_2$ < $10^{-9.8}atm$., 1-8wt. % NaCl상당염농도를 갖는 유체로부터 비등현상과 함께 침전되었다. 광화작용시의 압력은 <200-700기압이고, 광화작용의 심도는 약 1.5km였다. 열수 광화유체내 물의 수소(-90~-130‰), 산소(-5.9~+0.1‰)동위원소 값은 광화유체의 기원이 천수임을 뜻하고, 광화유체의 비등현상과 냉각작용은 $340^{\circ}C$이하에서 유체내 금-은 복합체 ($Au\;(HS)^-_2$, $AgCl^-_2$)의 파괴를 초래하여 금-은 광물의 침전을 유도하였다.

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소백산 육괴 중부 지역의 변성암에서 산출되는 중온형 금광상에 대한 유체 포유물 및 안정동위원소 연구. 영동지역 (Fluid Inclusion and Stable Isotope Studies of Mesothermal Gold Vein Deposits in Metamorphic Rocks of Central Sobaegsan Massif, Korea: Youngdong Area)

  • Chip-Sup So
    • 자원환경지질
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    • 제32권6호
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    • pp.561-573
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    • 1999
  • 소백산 육괴 중부지역의 선캠브리아기 변성암류에는 특징적으로 중역수형 금광상이 다수 배태된다. 연동 지역의 홍덕.대원.일생 금 광산도 이에 속하며, 단층 열극을 충진한 괴상의 석영맥 (폭 0.3~3m)으로 산출된다. 광석 광물은 매우 단순하여 주로 자류철석, 섬아연석, 방연석으로 산츨되며, 황철석, 황동석, 엘렉트럼, 사면동석, 자연창이 일부 수반된다. 유체포유물 연구결과, 광화작용은 비교적 높은 온도(240$^{\circ}$~40$0^{\circ}C$)에서 낮은 염농도 (<12 wt. % NaCl equiv.)를 갖는 $H_{2}O-CO_{2}(-CH_{4})$-NaCl계 유체로부터 진행되었다. 석영 내의 유체포유물은 단순한 액상 포유물(Type 1)과 메탄올 함유하는 $CO_2$-rich 포유물(TypeII)로 구분된다. Type II 포유물의 carbonic phase (주로 $CO_2$)의 함량은 동일 시료 내에서도 매우 다양하게 변화하면, carbonic phaseso의 메탄 함량은 대략 2~20 mole%이다. 유체포유물의 균일화온도와 염농도의 관계를 보면, 광화작용의 초기에는 $CO_2$비등을 수반한 유체 불혼화가 일어났으나, 후기에는 냉각작용이 지배적이옷음을 알 수 있다. 광화작용시의 조성 (${\delta}^{34}S_{{\Sigma}S}$=-2.1 to 2.2$\textperthousand$, $\delta$18Owater=4.7 to 9.3$\textperthousand$, $\delta$Dwater=-63 to -79$\textperthousand$ )은 광화유체가 마그마로부터 기원하였음을 지시한다. 본 연구 결과는 연동지역에 부존하는 중온형 금광상의 성인에 대하여 마그마 기원모델을 성공적으로 적용할수 있음을 확인해준다.

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한반도 열수 금광상의 지화학적 연구 : 양평-원주지역 광화대 (Geochemical Studies of Hydrothermal Gold Deposits, Republic of Korea : Yangpyeong-Weonju Area)

  • 소칠섭;최상훈;이경용
    • 자원환경지질
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    • 제22권1호
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    • pp.1-16
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    • 1989
  • 양평-원주지역 광화대에는 원생대 편마암류 내에 NS 단층파쇄대를 충진한 수십개조의 평행한 함 금-은 열수 맥상 광상들이 부존한다. 구조운동에 수반되어 3회에 걸쳐 진행된 열수 광화작용의 시기는 $67.5{\pm}1.6m.y.$이다. 일렉트럼(55.0-60.0wt. % Au)-방연석-섬아연석의 광화정출 작용은, 최대 압력 50기압 하에서, 8.2-2.wt. % NaCl상당 염농도를 갖는 광화유체로부터 $260-180^{\circ}C$에 걸쳐서 비등작용과 함께 냉각작용에 의하여 진행되었다. 비등작용과 유화광물의 침전에 의한 광화유체내 $H_2S$의 감소는 유황동위원소의 re-equilibration을 야기하고 $H_2S$${\delta}^{34}S$값을 광화초기 -1.4-2.7‰에서 후기 6.6-9.2‰로 증가시켰다. 광화작용이 진행됨에 따라 열수유체내의 산소, 수소 안정동위원소의 값은 점점 감소하여 천수의 값에 가까와지는데, 이는 천수의 유입이 점진적으로 중가하였음을 뜻하며, 쥬라기 심부 열수계보다 큰 water-rock interaction의 값을 갖는 백악기 천부 열수 광상들의 값과 일치한다.

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해외광물자원개발을 위한 최적 탐사기법과 동향 (Recently Improved Exploration Method for Mineral Discovery)

  • 최선규;안용환;김창성;서지은
    • 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국지구물리탐사학회 2009년도 특별 심포지엄
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    • pp.57-65
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    • 2009
  • Selection of good mineralized area is a combination of the integration of all the available geo-scientific (i.e., geological, geochemical, and geophysical) information, extrapolation of likely features from known mineralized terrenes and the ability to be predictive. The time-space relationships of the hydrothermal deposits in the East Asia are closely related to the changing plate motions. Also, two distinctive hydrothermal systems during Mesozoic occurred in Korea: the Jurassic/Early Cretaceous deep-level ones during the Daebo orogeny and the Late Cretaceous/Tertiary shallow geothermal ones during the Bulguksa event. Both the Mesozoic geothermal system and the mineralization document a close spatial and temporal relationship with syn- to post-tectonic magmatism. The Jurassic mineral deposits were formed at the relatively high temperature and deep-crustal level from the mineralizing fluids characterized by the relatively homogeneous and similar ranges of ${\delta}^{18}O$ values, suggesting that ore-forming fluids were principally derived from spatially associated Jurassic granitoid and related pegmatite. Most of the Jurassic auriferous deposits (ca. 165-145 Ma) show fluid characteristics typical of an orogenic-type gold deposits, and were probably generated in a compressional to transpressional regime caused by an orthogonal to oblique convergence of the Izanagi Plate into the East Asian continental margin. On the other hand, Late Cretaceous ferroalloy, base-metal and precious-metal deposits in the Taebaeksan, Okcheon and Gyeongsang basins occurred as vein, replacement, breccia-pipe, porphyry-style and skarn deposits. Diverse mineralization styles represent a spatial and temporal distinction between the proximal environment of sub-volcanic activity and the distal to transitional condition derived from volcanic environments. However, Cu (-Au) or Fe-Mo-W deposits are proximal to a magmatic source, whereas polymetallic or precious-metal deposits are more distal to transitional. Strike-slip faults and caldera-related fractures together with sub-volcanic activity are associated with major faults reactivated by a northward (oblique) to northwestward (orthogonal) convergence, and have played an important role in the formation of the Cretaceous Au-Ag lode deposits (ca. 110-45 Ma) under a continental arc setting. The temporal and spatial distinctions between the two typical Mesozoic deposit styles in Korea reflect a different thermal episodes (i.e., late orogenic and post-orogenic) and ore-forming fluids related to different depths of emplacement of magma (i.e., plutonic and sub-volcanic) due to regional changes in tectonic settings.

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무전해 니켈 도금에서 pH에 따른 영향 (Effect of pH on electroless nickel plating)

  • 정승준;김병춘;박종은;이흥기;박수길
    • 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국전기전자재료학회 1999년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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    • pp.625-628
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    • 1999
  • Recently. high-density printed circuit boards(PCB) become indispensable with the minaturization of components. Nickel is deposited on the copper patterns and followed by the gold deposition for improving connection reliability between the printed circuit boards and electronic components. Conventionally electrodeposition has been applied to metalization of copper patterns. However metalization by this method is not applicable for the isolated fine and concentrated patterns. Therefore, metalization technology of the fine patterns by electroless plating is required in place of electrodeposition. The application of electroless nickel plating for interconnection with solder strongly relies on the solderability and the interactions between nickel and solder. Factors such as phosphorus content of the deposit additive and bath temperature may influence solderability of the electroless nickel deposit. So solderability of electroless nickel/ gold deposits was investigated with substrates plated changing the condition of nickel solution.

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SUBMILLIMETER SCALE VARIATION OF THE OXYGEN ISOTOPE COMPOSITION OF GOLD-BEARING QUARTZ VEIN AT THE HISHIKARI DEPOSIT, JAPAN

  • Hayashi, Ken-ichiro
    • 대한자원환경지질학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 대한자원환경지질학회 2003년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집
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    • pp.20-23
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    • 2003
  • Low-sulfidation style ore deposits, the major source of Au, Ag, and Hg, are formed from neutral-pH, reduced hydrothermal solutions close to equilibrium with their host rocks. The waters are low-salinity (〈1 wt % NaCl equiv.) but relatively gas rich (1-2 wt % $CO_2$), and are largely meteoric water. However, the contribution of magmatic components to the epithermal system, its temporal importance, and its relation to the source of ore metals are largely controversial. (omitted)

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함안군북지구(咸安郡北地區)의 지질(地質)과 동광상(銅鑛床) (Geology and Ore Deposits in the Haman-Kunbuk Copper District)

  • 문정욱;김명환;이지헌;최충정
    • 자원환경지질
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    • 제3권2호
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    • pp.55-73
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    • 1970
  • The district investigated covers the central and southern portions of the Uiryong Quadrangle amounting to $40km^2$ in area and is bounded approximately by geographical coordinates of $128^{\circ}$ 28' $40^{{\prime}{\prime}}{\sim}128^{\circ}$ 24' 25"E in longitude and $35^{\circ}10{\prime}{\sim}35^{\circ}14^{\prime}06^{{\prime}{\prime}}N$ in latitude. The purpose of this investigation was to provide basic information in drawing up a comprehensive development plan of the copper ore deposits known to exist in the HamanKumbuk district with special emphasis given to the ascertainment of geological and paragenetic characteristics. The area consists chiefly of shale, sandy shale and chert, all belong to Kyongsang System of Cretaceous age. Intruded into these rocks are andesite, granodiorite, basic dikes, and acidic dikes. The mineralization which took place in the area, consists of mostly fissure-filling vein deposits, numbering several tens, with varying magnitudes. The fissures and shear zones created in rocks, such as chert and granodiorite, hosted the deposition of mineralizing vapors and/or hydrothermal solutions along their openings. The strike lengths of these veins vary from 50 to 600 meters in extension and 0.1 to 3 meters in width. Although the degree of fluctuation in width is great, it averages 0.3m. The stuctural patterns, which apparently affected the deposition of veins, are fissure patterns, trend NS to $N30^{\circ}W$, and steep-pitching tension fractures as well as normal fault pattern. Ore minerals associated with vein matters are primarily chalcopyrite and small amounts of scheelite, cobaltiferous arsenopyrite, and gold and silver intimately associated with sulphide minerals. Associated with these ore mineral are pyrite, pyrrhotite, magnetite, specularite and arsenopyrite. Gangue minerals noted are quartz, calcite, chlorite, tourmaline and hornblende. In terms of the compositions of associated minerals, the vein deposits in the district could be grouped under the following four categories: 1. Pyrrhoitite, Arsenopyrite, Gold and Silver Bearing Copper Vein (Type I) 2. Calcite-Scheelite-Copper Vein (Type II) 3. Magnetite-Pyrite-Copper Vein (Type III) 4. Tourmaline Copper Vein (Type IV) Of the four types, the first and the fourth are presently yielding relatively higher grades: of copper ores and concentrates. The estimated ore reserves total some 222,000 metric tons with the following breakdown in terms of metal contents: Name of Mines Au(g/t) Ag(g/t) Cu(%) Reserves(M/T) Kunbuk 15.92 78.69 6,074 60.498 Cheil Kunbuk - - 1.040 60,847 Haman - - 2.688 101,204 222,549 As rehabilitation of old workings and/or exploration of veins at depth proceed, additional estimation of ore reserves may become apparent and necessary. With regard to the problem of beneficiation and upgrading of low-grade ores in the district, it would be advisable to make decisions on location, treating capacity and mill flowsheet after sufficient amount of exploration is completed as suggested in the report.

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구봉광산(九峯鑛山)의 지질(地質)과 광상(鑛床) (Geology and Ore Deposits of Kubong Gold Mine)

  • 전찬규;오민수
    • 자원환경지질
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    • 제3권3호
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    • pp.169-176
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    • 1970
  • Kubong Gold Mine is located in Kuryongri, Sayang-myun, Chungyang-gun, Choongchung-Namdo.(latitude $36^{\circ}24^{\prime}N$. longitude $126^{\circ}45^{\prime}30^{{\prime}{\prime}}E$) The mine was begun to work soon after the inhabitants of this village had accidently discovered the outcrops in April 1908. It is one of the largest gold mines in Korea which produces 4,500 tons of crude ore a month. The geology in the area consists of granitic gneiss, banded gneiss, augen-gneiss, mica schist, limesilicate of Pre-Cambrian series and sedimentary rocks(sandstones & conglomerates) of Daedong series. Basic dikes intrude the former formations. The country rock of the ore deposit is a group of the metamorphic rocks mentioned above. Gold-silver bearing quartz vein contains small amounts of pyrite, chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, galena and sphalerite in which gold and silver occur as native state. The vein strikes $N30^{\circ}{\sim}60^{\circ}E$ and dips $20^{\circ}{\sim}50^{\circ}S$ and the average width of the vein is estimated 1 to 1.5m. Average grade of ore is Au:6~8gr/t and Ag:5~6gr/t. The ore shoot continues from the outcrop to the depth of -1760ML with dip of $20{\sim}25^{\circ}$ and strike extension reaches to 400m at the depth of -1440 ML and to more or less 200m at below. Highgrade of ore vein was found at the lowest level of the ore shoot at the time of recent field survey at the end of August 1970. Its average grade was estimated as Au:20gr/t and its width 1~2.5M in average. A series of futher prospecting for other new ore shoot or parallel veins are urgent and crosscut prospecting along the horizontal level is strongly recommended.

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