• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권8호
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• pp.1140-1149
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• 2015

This research aimed to define the energy requirement of Dorper and Hu Hybrid $F_1$ ewes 20 to 50 kg of body weight, furthermore to study energy requirement changes with age and evaluate the effect of age on energy requirement parameters. In comparative slaughter trial, thirty animals were divided into three dry matter intake treatments (ad libitum, n = 18; low restricted, n = 6; high restricted, n = 6), and were all slaughtered as baseline, intermediate, and final slaughter groups, to calculate body chemical components and energy retained. In digestibility trial, twelve ewes were housed in individual metabolic cages and randomly assigned to three feeding treatments in accordance with the design of a comparative slaughter trial, to evaluate dietary energetic values at different feed intake levels. The combined data indicated that, with increasing age, the net energy requirement for maintenance ($NE_m$) decreased from $260.62{\pm}13.21$ to $250.61{\pm}11.79kJ/kg^{0.75}$ of shrunk body weight (SBW)/d, and metabolizable energy requirement for maintenance (MEm) decreased from $401.99{\pm}20.31$ to $371.23{\pm}17.47kJ/kg^{0.75}$ of SBW/d. Partial efficiency of ME utilization for maintenance ($k_m$, 0.65 vs 0.68) and growth ($k_g$, 0.42 vs 0.41) did not differ (p>0.05) due to age; At the similar condition of average daily gain, net energy requirements for growth ($NE_g$) and metabolizable energy requirements for growth ($ME_g$) for ewes during late fattening period were 23% and 25% greater than corresponding values of ewes during early fattening period. In conclusion, the effect of age upon energy requirement parameters in the present study were similar in tendency with previous recommendations, values of energy requirement for growth ($NE_g$ and $ME_g$) for Dorper and Hu crossbred female lambs ranged between the NRC (2007) recommendation for early and later maturating growing sheep.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.612-620
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• 2019

서울공예박물관에 소장된 모담방장(毛毯房帳)은 경사에 면사를 두고 위사에 모사를 두어 평직(平織)으로 짠 것이다. 문양 부분은 타피스트리(Tapestry)로 제직하고, 안료를 덧칠하였다. 색도를 측정하고, X선 형광분석에 의한 성분 분석 결과 진한 붉은 색의 문양에서는 수은(Hg)이 검출되어 주사(Cinnabar)나 합성안료인 주(Vermilion)로 추정하였다. 직물의 경사와 위사, 선단 및 후면 직물 등 총 7개의 직물 시료에 대한 분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과 모담방장의 경사는 섬유단면에 가운데 중공(루멘)이 있는 면섬유로, Infrared 피크도 마찬가지로 O-H 결합과 C-O 결합이 나타난다. 위사인 모섬유는 원형과 타원형의 단면이 확인되며, Infrared 피크는 N-H/O-H Stretching, Amide(-CONH-)을 보였다. 모섬유에 사용된 동물종을 확인하기 위해 문화재청의 동물털 시료와 대조분석 결과, 산양이나 염소털을 사용한 것으로 추정되며, 방적에 용이한 삽살개 털도 사용했을 가능성도 배제할 수 없다.

• 한국동물생명공학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.177-182
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• 2020

The present study aimed to investigate the conceptus-related changes during early pregnancy in the Black Bengal breed of goat. A total of 22 gravid genitalia of the Black Bengal goats were collected from local slaughterhouses. The crown-rump lengths (CRL) of the conceptuses were determined to estimate the gestational age (GA). The length and diameter of uterine horn and amniotic sac were measured, and volume of amniotic and allantoic fluid formed by individual conceptus were recorded. The results reveal that the CRL is positively correlated with GA of the conceptus (R² = 0.89, p < 0.05); however, CRL was not influenced by number of conceptus. Both the left and the right uterine horn gradually increased in size with the advancement of pregnancy irrespective of conceptus number present in the horn. The size of the amniotic sac of conceptus gradually increased with the conceptus age but maintained spherical shape from 5 to 7 weeks of pregnancy. The amniotic fluid formed by individual conceptus rapidly increased from 5 weeks (3.4 ± 0.3 mL) to 7 weeks (21.0 ± 2.0 mL) and 9 weeks (111.5 ± 4.0 mL). The volume of allantoic fluid formed by individual conceptus was steadily increased until 7 weeks (60.0 ± 5.0 mL) and began to decline slowly thereafter (50.0 ± 5.0 mL at 9 weeks). Notably, there was no effect of conceptus number per pregnancy on individual amniotic and allantoic fluid volume. The cotyledons have first appeared on the allanto-chorionic surface from 4 to 5 weeks of pregnancy. The closed eye, nostril and hooves of the conceptus became visible at 7 weeks of pregnancy. The present study has shown the basic information on conceptus-related developmental changes during early pregnancy up to 9 weeks in Black Bengal goat.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.271-278
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• 2002

이 연구는 벵갈 종과 그 교잡종 산양의 번식에 있어서 생시부터 90일령 까지의 생존율에 영향을 미치는 유전적 및 비 유전적인 요인을 규명하기 위하여 수행되었다. 분석에 이용된 모델은 지역, 교배조합, 자양의 성, 출생시 산자형태(1두, 2두, 3두 및 4두), 출생계절(여름 3월-6월; 우기 7월-10월; 및 겨울 11-2월), 출생연도와 2요인 상호작용의 효과를 포함하였다. 교잡종에 비하여 순종의 생존율은 31일령 과 90일령 사이에 현저히 낮은 것으로 유의성(p$<$0.05)을 나타냈다. 생존율에 대한 지역의 효과는 16-60일령 기간을 제외하고는 통계적으로 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 생존율에 대한 성의 효과는 초기 0-7일령의 기간을 제외하고는 모두 통계적 유의성이 인정되었다. 생존율은 여름에 출생한 것이 가장 높았고 겨울과 우기(rainy season)의 순서로 나타났다. 16일령 부터 60일령 사이의 자양의 생존율은 어미의 비유량에 의하여 영향을 받는 것으로 (p$<$0.05) 나타났고, 400-600g/day 의 비유량인 경우에 생존율이 가장 높았던 반면 비유량이 80-200 g/day인 어미의 자양이 가장 낮은 생존율을 보였다. 생시체중은 90일령 까지의 모든 성장단계에서 자양의 생존율에 영향을 미치는 주요 요인이었다. 생존율은 모양의 비유량과 그리고 자양의 생시체중과 정의 상관관계를 보였다. 성과 생산지역간 (p$<$0.01) 또는 성과 출생시 산자형태간(p$<$0.05)의 상호작용은 통계적 유의성이 있었던 반면에 성과 유전적 그룹간의 상호작용은 유의성이 없었다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 1986

This study was carried out to investigate the branch and distribution of Nervus facialis of the Korean native goat. The observation was made by dissection of embalmed cadavers of ten Korean native goats. The results were as follows; 1. N. facialis arose from the ventrolateral surface of the medulla oblongata. 2. In the facial canal, N. facialis gave off N. petrosus major, N. stapedius and Chorda tympani. 1) N. petrosus major arose from Ganglion geniculi, passed through the pterygoid canal and terminated in Ganglion pterygopalatinum. 2) Chorda tympani joined N. lingualis at the lateral surface of the internal pterygoid muscle. 3. At the exit of the stylomastoid foramen, N. facialis gave off N. caudalis auricularis, Ramus auricularis internus, Ramus stylohyoideus and Ramus digastricus. 1) N. caudalis auricularis arose by two branches in 6 cases and by a single branch in 4 cases. N. caudalis auricularis gave off branches to the caudoauricuIar muscles and the internal surface of the conchal cavity. 2) Ramus auricularis internus arose by a single branch except in 2 cases in which it arose in common with N. caudalis auricularis. It penetrated the caudolateral surface of the tragus and distributed in the skin of the scapha. 3) Ramus stylohyoideus and Ramus digastricus arose separately from N. facialis. 4. In the deep surface of the parotid gland, N. facialis divided into N. auriculopalpebralis, Ramus buccalis dorsalis and Ramus buccalis ventralis. In 6 cases, N. facialis gave off Ramus buccalis ventralis and then divided into N. auriculopalpebralis and Ramus buccalis dorsalis. In 3 cases, N. facialis trifurcated into Ramus buccalis ventralis, Ramus buccalis dorsalis and N. auriculopalpebralis. In one case, N. facialis gave off N. auriculopalpebralis and then divided into Ramus buccalis dorsalis and Ramus buccalis ventralis. 1) Ramus buccalis ventralis ran along the ventral border of the masseter muscle and distributed to the buccinator and depressor labii inferioris muscles. Ramus buccalis ventralis communicated with a branch of Ramus buccalis dorsalis and N. buccalis. In 2 cases, it also communicated with N. mylohyoideus. 2) Ramus buccalis dorsalis communicated with Ramus transverses faciei, N. buccalis, N. infraorbitalis and a branch of Ramus buccalis ventralis. Ramus buccalis dorsalis distributed to the orbicularis oris, caninus, depressor labii inferioris, levator labii superioris, buccinator, malaris, nasolabialis and zygomaticus muscles. 3) N. auriculopalpebralis gave off Rami auriculares rostrales, which supplied the zygomaticoauricularis muscle, the frontoscutularis muscle and the skin of the base of the ear. N. auriculopalpebralis then continued as Ramus zygomaticus, which innervated the frontal muscle, the lateral surface of the base of the horn, the orbicularis oculi muscle and the adjacent skin of the orbit. N. auriculopalpebralis communicated with Nn. auriculares rostrales and Ramus zygomaticotemporalis. In 7 cases, it also communicated with N. infratrochlearis.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.197-203
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• 2005

본 시험은 활성탄 및 목탄의 첨가가 사료의 소화율, 반추위내 pH 발효성상에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 실시하였다. 한국재래산양에 대한 급여 실험을 실시하였는데, 활성탄과 목탄의 첨가수준은 1.0% 수준이었으며, 조사료/농후사료 비율은 오차드그래스 건초와 농후사료를 2:8로 하였다. 시험에 공시된 동물은 대사케이지에 수용하여 매일 09시에 사료를 급여하였다. 시험 결과를 요약하면 건물 소화율은 활성탄 및 목탄 첨가구가 무첨가구에 비하여 유의한 결과는 아니었지만 높은 경향을 보였다. 그리고 단백질의 소화율은 활성탄 및 목탄 첨가구가 무첨가구에 비하여 유의하게 높은 결과(p<0.05)를 나타내었다. 그러나 조지방, NDF, ADF 및 hemicellulose의 소화율은 유의한 증가를 나타내지 않았다. 활성탄구와 목탄구 사이에도 유의한 차이를 나타내지 않았다. pH와 반추위내 암모니아의 농도는 활성탄구와 목탄구가 무첨가구보다 다소 높은 경향을 보였으며, 총VFA 농도는 무첨가구에서 유의하게 높게 나타났다. 그리고 $C_2/C_3$ 비율을 보면 활성탄구는 무처리구에 비하여 유의하게 낮은 결과(p<0.05)를 나타내었고, 목탄구도 무처리구보다는 낮은 결과였으나 유의성은 인정되지 않았다. 위 결과에서 보듯이 활성탄은 가축의 생산성 향상에 유리한 조건을 제공하는 경향이 있다고 보여진다. 그러나 이미 보고된 바와 같이 시험 조건에 따라 상반되는 결과를 보이기도 한다. 이것이 외부 환경요인이 사료처리 영향을 압도하는 것인지, 또는 어느 제한된 조건하에서만 활성탄의 영향이 발현되는가에 대하여 추가연구가 요구된다고 하겠다. 그리고 여기에 대한 경제성 여부도 검토되어져야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.197-201
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• 2013

A total of 16 Taenia multiceps isolates collected from naturally infected sheep or goats in Gansu Province, China were characterized by sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene. The complete cox1 gene was amplified for individual T. multiceps isolates by PCR, ligated to pMD18T vector, and sequenced. Sequence analysis indicated that out of 16 T. multiceps isolates 10 unique cox1 gene sequences of 1,623 bp were obtained with sequence variation of 0.12-0.68%. The results showed that the cox1 gene sequences were highly conserved among the examined T. multiceps isolates. However, they were quite different from those of the other Taenia species. Phylogenetic analysis based on complete cox1 gene sequences revealed that T. multiceps isolates were composed of 3 genotypes and distinguished from the other Taenia species.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.280-289
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• 2015

Anaerobic digestion is an efficient and renewable energy technology that can produce biogas from a variety of biomasses such as animal manure, food waste and plant residues. In developing countries this technology is widely used for the production of biogas using local biomasses, but there is little information about the value of these biomasses for energy production. This study was therefore carried out with the objective of estimating the biogas production potential of typical Vietnamese biomasses such as animal manure, slaughterhouse waste and plant residues, and developing a model that relates methane ($CH_4$) production to the chemical characteristics of the biomass. The biochemical methane potential (BMP) and biomass characteristics were measured. Results showed that piglet manure produced the highest $CH_4$ yield of 443 normal litter (NL) $CH_4kg^{-1}$ volatile solids (VS) compared to 222 from cows, 177 from sows, 172 from rabbits, 169 from goats and 153 from buffaloes. Methane production from duckweed (Spirodela polyrrhiza) was higher than from lawn grass and water spinach at 340, 220, and 110.6 NL $CH_4kg^{-1}$ VS, respectively. The BMP experiment also demonstrated that the $CH_4$ production was inhibited with chicken manure, slaughterhouse waste, cassava residue and shoe-making waste. Statistical analysis showed that lipid and lignin are the most significant predictors of BMP. The model was developed from knowledge that the BMP was related to biomass content of lipid, lignin and protein from manure and plant residues as a percentage of VS with coefficient of determination (R-square) at 0.95.This model was applied to calculate the $CH_4$ yield for a household with 17 fattening pigs in the highlands and lowlands of northern Vietnam.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.39-45
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• 2006

산양유제품은 산양의 산간 방목지에서 천연의 산야초를 먹는 먹이습성으로 인하여 웰빙식품의 개념으로 뿐만 아니라 산양유 조제식의 형태로 다시 소비되기 시작하고 있다. 우유와 산양유의 조성에는 주요 영양성분의 경우 특별한 차이를 보이지 않는다. 그러나 젖소와 산양의 젖은 케이신 마이셀의 공간구조, 케이신 단백질의 아미노산 조성, 마이셀의 크기, 마이셀의 미네랄 함량 등에 있어서 명백한 차이를 보인다. 산양유제품의 국내생산은 연중 착유가 어려워 소비자에게 연중 공급이 불가능한 문제가 중요한 점으로 대두되고 있다. 그 어려움 속에서 산양유 시장의 확대를 추구하기 위해서는 산양유 제조사들의 집중적인 홍보가 필요하다. 국내 소비시장의 특징은 산양유 소비형태가 주로 신선유로서 소비되며, 발효유로서는 일부만 소비된다는 점이다. 이러한 제품들은 주로 소규모 산양유가공회사에서 생산되며, 대규모 유가공회사에서는 소요량이 많은 산양조제분유 생산에 치중하고 있는 점 또한 특징이라고 할 수 있다. 앞으로 산양유제품의 확대를 위해서는 유가공기술분야의 전문인들에 의해서 한국소비자들에게 적합하지 않은 산양 특유의 불쾌한 냄새와 맛을 제거하는 연구와 기술이 개발되어야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.227-239
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• 1988

In order to investigate the morphological characteristics of dendritic cells in the mammary gland, the appearance on the clear cells(CLs) or ATPase-positive dendritic cells(APDCs) have been observed by the light microscope. The results obtained were summarized as follows: CLs were observed in the mammary tissues of the experimental animals, such as mice, rats, guinea pigs, rabbits, cats, dogs, pigs, cows and Korean native goats, and these CLs were confirmed as the ATPase-positive cells of typical dendritic appearance(APDCs), The APDCs were distributed in between the secretory epithelial cells, between the secretory epithelial cells and the myoepithelial cells, the basal area of the secretory epithelial cells, the interalveolar and interlobular connective tissues, and in between the epithelial cells of secretory duct. The APDCs were observed more frequently during the middle period of lactation than the other periods, and were irregularly or uniformly distributed according to the location. During the middle period of lactation, there were notable quantitative differences in the APDSs depending on the mammary glands of mice, rats, guinea pigs, rabbits and cats, The most prominent differences were recognized among the mice, guinea pigs and cats. The number of AP DCs per unit area was statistically fewer in the guinea pigs($209.07{\pm}51.75cells/mm^2$) than in the mice($221.00{\pm}50.94cells/mm^2$) and cats($223.56{\pm}49.68cells/mm^2$) (respectively, p<0.05, p<0.05). Among the A/J, DBA/2, C57BL/6 and NIH(GP) mice, the mean densities of APDCs was statistically significantly fewer in the DBA/2($196.65{\pm}43.47cells/mm^2$) than in the C57BL/6($248.40{\pm}41.40cells/mm^2$) and NIH(GP) ($235.98{\pm}55.89cells/mm^2$) (respectively, p<0.0000, p<0.0000), however no significant difference between the C57BL/6 and the NIH(GP) was recognized (p>0.1). Among the F344, SD and W rats, the statistical analysis were confirmed that there were significantly fewer APDCs in the F344($198.72{\pm}47.61cells/mm^2$) than in the SD($227.70{\pm}41.40cells/mm^2$) and W($223.56{\pm}49.68cells/mm^2$) (respectively, p<0.0000, p<0.0001), however no significant difference between the SD and the W was recognized(p>0.1). The mean difference between the inbred and the noninbred counts in the mice was statistically significant (p<0.0001), and the similar result was presented in the rats(p<0.0000).