• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권10호
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• pp.1374-1377
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• 2004

The present study was conducted to explore the possibilities of estrus induction and superovulation in a native Indian breed of goats called 'Black Bengal'. Forty-two adult non-pregnant females were divided in two groups, of which 18 goats were subjected to a superovulatory treatment comprising of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG), Prostaglandin (PGF2$\alpha$) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) to induce superovulation. The remaining 24 goats received no treatment and served as controls for the parameter under study as well as recipients for embryo transfer studies. The average duration of estrus was found to be significantly increased in treated goats (34.2${\pm}$3.4 h) compared to controls 3.0${\pm}$2.4 h). The average duration between PGF administration and occurrence of estrus was 2.0${\pm}$5.2 h. After mid ventral laparotomy, superovulatory responses indicated a significant increase in the number of follicles, which was 8.27${\pm}$0.37 in the treatment group compared to 4.16${\pm}$0.17 in the control group. The number of corpora lutea was also significantly increased in treated animals compared to control (2.90${\pm}$0.86 vs. 0.74${\pm}$0.04) respectively per ovary per goat.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.341-346
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• 2006

Despite many studies, results of superovulation protocols are not consistent in farm animals. In this study, 151 Boer goats were superovulated to examine the factors affecting superovulation and embryo transfer (MOET). An optimal regime for superovulation treatment was identified as a 4-day treatment with decreasing dosages of 6-7 mg Chinese FSH or 240 mg Canadian FSH. The 4-day treatment with decreasing dosages of 6-7 mg Chinese FSH was, therefore, adopted to study effects of the age of does, season and repeated treatments on superovulation and embryo transfer. The best season for superovulation and embryo transfer and pregnancy was autumn, and the best age range was 12-35 months old. Within animals there were no significant differences in the number of ovulations and the rate of transferable embryos between the first and the second superovulation. However, these parameters declined significantly for the third superovulation. No marked effects of the number of ovulations on the proportion of transferable embryos were noted. The parturition rate of the recipients receiving single embryos was not different significantly from those receiving two embryos, and the kidding rate calculated from embryos transferred did not differ significantly between recipients receiving one and two embryos.

• 한국수정란이식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수정란이식학회 2000년도 춘계심포지움
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• pp.64-75
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• 2000

During the last three decades considerable advances has been made in goat embryo production and transfer technology. The Korean native black goat is the most useful domestic ruminant in this country for biological investigation and application because it has a lot of merits such as relatively short generation period (1 vs 2 year for a cow), easy of handling, well adaptation, high fertility, convenient and inexpensive. This article covers the methods of superovulation, estrus synchronization, embryo collection and transfer techniques, pregnancy diagnosis and subsequent pregnancy and kidding rates for the production of transgenic Korean native black goats. More than one hundred goat kids have been produced as a result of our transgenic goat project via microinjection of foreign gene into pronuclei, in vitro culture, transfer of various stages of fresh and frozen-thawed microinjected embryos into oviducts or uteri of recipient does. We have got two transgenic goats carrying a transgene targeting the expression of recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (hG-CSF) to the mammary gland so far. Since collection and transfer of embryos in this species is usually accomplished by laparotomy, exteriorization of the reproductive tract for surgical embryo collection leads to the formation of post-operative adhesions. Nonsurgical or laparoscopic technique to reduce adhesions from repeated surgeries has great advantages in improving embryo production and transfer especially from valuable donors. We will discuss this later.

• 한국수정란이식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수정란이식학회 2000년도 수정란의 위생적 처리·검사 및 특수가축의 수정란이식 기술 심포지움
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• pp.64-75
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• 2000

During the last three decades considerable advances has been made in goat embryo production and transfer technology. The Korean native black goat is the most useful domestic ruminant in this country for biological investigation and application because it has a lot of merits such as relatively short generation period(1 vs 2 year for a cow), easy of handling, well adaptation, high fertility, convenient and inexpensive. This article covers the methods of superovulation, estrus synchronization, embryo collection and transfer techniques, pregnancy diagnosis and subsequent pregnancy and kidding rates for the production of transgenic Korean native black goats. More than one hundred goat kids have been produced as a result of our transgenic goat project via microinjection of foreign gene into pronuclei, in vitro culture, transfer of various stages of fresh and frozen-thawed microinjected embryos into oviducts or uteri of recipient does. We have got two transgenic goats carrying a transgene targeting the expression of recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor(hG-CSF) to the mammary gland so far. Since collection and transfer of embryos in this species is usually accomplished by laparotomy, exteriorization of the reproductive tract for surgical embryo collection leads to the formation of post-operative adhesions. Nonsurgical or laparoscopic technique to reduce adhesions from repeated surgeries has great advantages in improving embryo production and transfer especially from valuable donors. We will discuss this later.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권12호
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• pp.1711-1715
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• 2003

The experiment was designed on 42 non pregnant Black Bengal goat. Out of which 18 were subjected to a superovulatory treatment comprising of eCG and hCG for embryo transfer study. The remaining 24 goats received no treatment and served as control for parameter studied as well as recipient for embryo transfer studies. Important biochemical constituents such as acid and alkaline phosphatase, total protein and cholesterol and inorganic phosphorus were estimated in the follicular fluid of control and treated group and the values were separately recorded for small medium and large size follicle. The results indicated a significant effect on acid phosphotase activity due to size of follicle. The value increased progressively from small to medium and from medium to large follicles. Alkaline phosphotase activity showed reverse trend. Alkaline phosphotase decreased progressively as size increased. The concentration of inorganic phosphorus did not reveal any significant difference between the control and treatment groups and also between the different size follicles. The concentration of protein decreased significantly from small to medium and from medium to large, although no difference was observed between the control and treatment groups. The concentration of Cholesterol in the follicular fluid indicated a significant increase from small to medium and to large follicle. Here also no difference was observed due to treatment. Similar in the composition of follicular fluid in the respect of above mentioned constituents indicated no of super ovulatory treatment on follicular fluid composition.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.487-495
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• 2007

The objectives of the present study were to initiate cloning of Korean native goat by somatic cell nuclear transfer (NT) and to examine whether unovulated (follicular) oocytes can support the same developmental ability of NT embryos as ovulated (oviductal) oocytes after hCG injection in stimulated cycles of the goat. The in vivo-matured and immature oocytes were collected from the oviducts and follicles of superovulated does, respectively, and the immature oocytes were maturated in vitro. Ear skin fibroblasts derived from a 3-yr-old female Korean native goat were used as the donors of nuclei or karyoplasts. Following fusion, activation and in vitro culture to a 2- to 4-cell stage, 49 in vitro-derived and 105 in vivo-derived embryos were transferred to 6 and 17 recipient does, respectively. One doe and three does of the respective groups were identified as pregnant by ultrasonography on day 30 after embryo transfer. However, only one doe, which had received in vivo-derived embryos, delivered a normal female kid of 1.9 kg on d 149. The cloned kid gained more weight than her age-matched females as much as 87% during the first 4 mo after birth (17.7 vs. $9.4{\pm}0.8$ kg) and reached puberty at 6-mo age a few months earlier than normal female does. The telomere length of the kid, which was similar to that of the donor fibroblast at 2-mo age, decreased 8% between 2- and 7-mo ages. Moreover, at 7-mo age, she had 21% shorter telomere than her age-matched goats. To our knowledge, this is the first case in which a cloned animal born with a normal weight exhibited accelerated growth and development. The unusually rapid growth and development of the cloned goat may have resulted from SCNT-associated epigenetic reprogramming involving telomere shortening.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.19-24
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• 2013

본 연구는 연중 비번식기에도 효율적인 재래산양 난포란의 확보가능성을 검토하고자 비번식기에 과배란 처리를 실시하여 체내 성숙난자 및 난포란을 회수하였으며, 회수란의 활성화를 유도하여 체외발달율을 조사하였다. 비번식기에 과배란 처리에 의한 배란점은 각각 $13.9{\pm}6.5$개로서, 번식의 $13.0{\pm}3.8$개와 차이가 없었다. 난관에서 외과적 관류방법으로 체내성숙난자를 회수하였을 회수율은 43.9%로서 번식기의 67.1%보다 낮았다(p<0.05). 공란 산양 두당 회수 난자수는 비번식기가 $5.9{\pm}5.2$개로서, 번식기의 $8.8{\pm}3.2$개보다 적었다. 공란 산양으로부터 체내 성숙난자 회수 후 난소의 난포로부터 주사기로 흡입하여 채란 시에 공란 산양 두당 난포수는 비번식기가 $5.8{\pm}4.6$개로서 번식기의 $7.5{\pm}3.9$개보다 적었으며(p<0.05), 회수율은 각각 68.7 및 54.7%로서 차이가 없었다. 공란 산양 두당 회수난자 수도 $3.9{\pm}3.2$ 및 $4.1{\pm}3.4$개로서 차이가 없었다. 회수한 난포란의 등급도 비번식기와 번식기간에 차이가 없었다. 비번식기에 회수한 체내성숙 난자를 단위발생을 유도하였을 때 분할율은 76.4%로서 번식기의 83.6%와 차이가 없었으며, 배반포기로의 발달율은 비번식기가 23.8%로서 번식기의 43.5%보다 유의적(p<0.05)으로 낮았다.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.147-152
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• 2011

본 연구는 효율적인 재래 산양의 난포란을 확보하기 위하여 미성숙 산양에 과배란 처리를 실시하여 체내 성숙 난자(배란된 난자) 및 난포란을 회수하여 공란산양의 성숙 여부가 난자의 회수율과 단위 발생란의 체외발달율에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 미성숙 산양의 과배란 처리에 의한 체내 성숙 난자의 회수율에 있어서 과배란 처리 후 두당 황체수는 13.1${\pm}$6.5개로서 성숙 산양의 8.8${\pm}$2.4개와 차이가 없었다(p<0.05). 산양의 두당 회수율은 마성숙 산양이 9.l${\pm}$6.8개로서 성숙 산양의 9.8${\pm}$2.5개와 차이가 없었다. 공란산양으로부터 체내 성숙 난자 회수 후 난소의 난포로부터 채란한 난포란의 회수율에 있어서 산양 두당 난포 수는 미성숙 산양이 7.9${\pm}$6.5개로서 성숙 산양의 8.8${\pm}$2.4개와 차이가 없었다. 이들 황체로부터 회수한 난포란 수도 미성숙 산양이 5.6${\pm}$6.1개로서 성숙 산양의 6.3${\pm}$2.3개와 차이가 없었다. 회수한 난포란의 등급에 있어서 1+II 등급 난포란은 미성숙 산양이 25.0%로서 성숙 산양의 52.4%보다는 낮았다(p<0.05). 4등급의 비율은 미성숙 산양이 39.3%로서 성숙 산양의 19.8%보다는 높았다(p<0.05). 미성숙 산양으로부터 회수한 체내 성숙 난자를 단위 발생을 유도하였을 때 분할율은 54.5%로서 성숙 산양으로부터 회수한 단위 발생 난자의 분할율 86.8%보다는 낮았다(p<0.05). 배반포기로의 발달율에 있어서도 미성숙 산양이 23.3%로서 성숙 산양의 46.6%보다는 유의적 (p<0.05)으로 낮았다. 이상의 결과를 미루어 볼 때 미성숙 재래 산양으로부터 난자의 생산은 난자의 확보 측면에서는 한 방법이 될 수 있으나, 회수란의 질 저하에 대한 문제는 공란 산양의 보다 적합한 연령, 실험 시기, 성선자극 호르몬의 양 및 공시 산양의 관리 등 앞으로 보다 세밀한 검토가 필요한 것으로 생각된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권9호
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• pp.1270-1275
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• 2014

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of porcine follicle stimulating hormone (pFSH) dosage based on body weight (BW) on ovarian responses of crossbred does. Thirty donor does were divided into 3 groups getting pFSH dosages of 3, 5, and 8 mg pFSH per kg BW, respectively, and were named as pFSH-3, pFSH-5 and pFSH-8, respectively. Estrus was synchronized by inserting a controlled internal drug release (CIDR) device and a single injection of prostaglandin $F2{\alpha}$ ($PGF2{\alpha}$). The pFSH treatments were administered twice a day through 6 decreasing dosages (25, 25, 15, 15, 10, and 10% of total pFSH amount; decreasing daily). Ovarian responses were evaluated on Day 7 after CIDR removal. After CIDR removal, estrus was observed 3 times in a day and pFSH treatments were initiated at 2 days before the CIDR removal. All does in pFSH-5 and pFSH-8 showed estrus signs while half of the does in pFSH-3 showed estrus signs. No differences (p>0.05) were observed on the corpus luteum and total ovarian stimulation among the treatment groups, while total and transferable embryos were higher (p<0.05) in pFSH-5 (7.00 and 6.71) than pFSH-3 (3.00 and 2.80) and pFSH-8 (2.00 and 1.50), respectively. In conclusion, 5 mg pFSH per kg BW dosage gave a higher number of embryos than 3 and 8 mg pFSH per kg BW dosages. The results indicated that the dosage of pFSH based on BW is an important consideration for superovulation in goats.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.91-100
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• 2002

The experiment was divided into two phases. In phase-I fresh embryos were transferred and in Phase-II frozen embryos were transferred. Embryos were collected by using Dulbecco's phosphate buffered saline. In phase-I total of 65 ova were collected out of 107 ovulation in 18 goats. Recovery of ova was 60.74％, of which 51 (78.46％) was fertilized. Sixteen embryos were transferred to 10 recipient goats and kidding was observed in 6 goats, that produced 10 kids. Thus, 62.50％ embryo survival and 60％ kidding were achieved in phase-I. In phase-II of the experiment, 17 regular cyclic Black Bengal goats were used. The main purpose was to study the viability of caprine embryos after cryopreservation. In this phase the embryos were collected and frozen using Bio-cool freezers. A two step addition of cryoprotectants (5％ glycerol and 10％ glycerol) and three-step dilution of cryoprotectants with 1mole (M) sucrose was used. Embryos were preserved for 10 to 45 days. Out of 27 embryos preserved, 18 were recovered after freezing and thawing (37$^{\circ}C$ water bath) with 33.33％ embryonic loss. Seventeen frozen and thawed embryos were transferred in 9 recipient goats, out of which kidding was observed in 6 goats and 7 kids were produced, giving a 66.66％ kidding and embryo survival of 41.17％. The technique utilized for fresh and frozen embryo transfer can be successfully utilized to produce goats of superior genetic merits. The protocol used for addition of cryoprotectant, freezing, thawing and dilution was found suitable for caprine embryo freezing.