• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.71-78
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• 2015

Purpose - This study attempts to analyze whether or not there are characteristics among the top management of companies that promote corporate performance at venture companies. It investigates the characteristics of the human and social capital that are inherent in top management at a venture company and conducts an empirical analysis of hypotheses examining if these characteristics will affect utilization of the governmental R&D support system as well as affect the firm's initial success. Research design, data, and methodology - This study conducted theoretical and empirical research together to accomplish the goal of the study. The pilot study researched human capital and social capital as the independent variables; the governmental R&D support system as the parameter; and, the initial success as the dependent variable. The empirical study carried out research on the model, establishment of hypotheses, and the statistical treatment. A survey was conducted targeting top management of high-tech venture companies in Daedeok Innopolis; 500 questionnaires were distributed; and, 222 were collected. Results - The human and social capital inherent in top management at venture companies in the early stages of their existence become good evaluation data for those who are invested in similar resources. If top management includes strong human and social capital, access to external resources will be easier; these will have a positive influence on the selection of overnmental support systems; and, this proper support will also have a positive influence on the initial success of the venture company. The results revealed the following. First, it was found that when the educational level and functional background, (the top management human capital), are the output function, top management human capital had a significant influence on selection of governmental R&D support funds. Second, it was found that the internal social capital and external social capital, (the top management social capital), had a significant influence on selection of governmental R&D support tasks. Third, it was found that selection of the governmental R&D support tasks at the start of the venture company had a positive influence on the corporate financial performance such as sales, business profits, and the increase in workers; and, had a significant influence on nonfinancial performance such as market share, competitive position, product competitiveness, and the future product development. Conclusions - Selection of the governmental R&D support system is not recognized as part of the direct sales of a venture company in its early stages, but as it can reduce costs for technical development and helps significantly in creating test products and mass production, it has a positive influence on the company's financial performance and nonfinancial performance as a result. Therefore, companies should take great efforts to frequently be selected as a candidate in the governmental R&D support system, as it can help facilitate R&D that requires extensive funds. As a result, companies can expect effects such as job creation and patent applications and they can advance future product sales.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.109-114
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• 2015

Purpose - The movie market has the characteristics of being a perfectly competitive market as well as a pure monopolistic market at the same time. This is because there are competitors in the industry but prices, although not fixed, have not changed a lot. Price competition may not have spread, but the competition is focused on artistic value, and the degree of box office success is most important. The artistic value is determined in the course of the production process. However, the degree of box office success is dependent upon the marketing manager. The marketing strategy represents the difference in the standard or quality of the movie. Inherently, the marketing manager adopts the entertainment strategy based on the quality of the foundation of the completed movie. At this time, the marketing manager knows the pertinent information (high quality/low quality) regarding the movie. This research study tries to reveal what should be the reasonable movie marketing expense, dependent on the quality of the movie. Research design, data, and methodology - Using a game scenario with different market players, the goal of the research analysis is to find out the following. First, the marketing expense is determined to maximize the profits after film production. Second, after the production costs are already committed, the manufacturer gets to choose the marketing level. At this time, there will be a profit maximization point, considering the competition. The premise of the research is as follows: if it is a good movie of quality, positive word of mouth increasing the audience continuously slows down the speed of the demand curve. If the movie quality is bad, the negative word of mouth decreasing the audience gradually hastens the speed of the demand curve. On the marketing side, when the manufacturer invests heavily in the marketing expense of the movie, consumer expectations increase to drive up the audience numbers. On the other hand, it is difficult to improve the profits excessively. When the manufacturer invests in marketing a little bit, the marketing expense is only relatively committed, therefore a lot of demand cannot be gained. Results - If a fixed market share is in a competitive situation, a low quality manufacturer expends relatively more marketing expense. If the situation assumes two manufacturers spend the same for the cost of production, the high quality manufacturer takes more profit. If the manufacturer expends less marketing budget to save costs, the optimum profit cannot be achieved since the other party (opponent) grabs the initial market share. Conclusions - In conclusion, investment is essential for market share to increase. We must refrain from a zero-sum game and have models where the game participants pursue the creative profits together. In the current film industry, there is the dominating logic of winner and loser but we have to create a film industry environment where the participants can be altogether satisfied and live together.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.103-111
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• 2015

Purpose - When it comes to first impressions of family restaurants, people basically think of the following factors: cozy, a refreshing space, indoor lighting, atmospheric music, the best-quality service through mutual interactions with employees, birthday events, follow-up customer management, brand image, and many others. Focusing on such family restaurants characteristics, with consumption experience and customer satisfaction determined as mediator variables, this study looks into the selection factors that affect customer loyalty when choosing a family restaurant. Subsequently, the study conducts an empirical analysis of these selection factors with the greatest influence. Research design, data, and methodology - This study analyzed 200 total surveys of family restaurant customers including college students, workers, housewives, and others. The survey was conducted over two weeks in May 2014. For statistical processing, SPSS 21 was used for factor analysis and reliability analysis as well as AMOS for structural equation analysis. In terms of a variable that would influence either consumption experience or customer satisfaction at the restaurants, the study introduced the concept of customer equity. The study designed a model based on a hypothesis developed using the following factors: customer encounter service value, customer convenience value, brand equity, relationship equity, and other factors defined as components of customer equity by Rust et al. (2000) determined as independent variables as well as with customer experience and customer satisfaction set as mediator variables. The hypothesis, after all, assumed that customer loyalty would be positively (+) influenced. Results - The analysis results from the study reported that brand value, customer encounter service value, and relationship value have positive (+) effects on consumption experience and customer satisfaction. However, as for customer convenience value, this turned out not to have a statistically significant influence on consumption experience and customer satisfaction. In regard to a relation between consumption experience and customer satisfaction, the results showed that the former affects the latter, and in terms of intervening variables, both of these appeared to have a positive (+) effect on customer loyalty. Conclusions - This study suggests that family restaurants should look for strategies that focus on how to promote customer relationships. For example, restaurants could try birthday events or discount events to achieve this goal. Since the study ended up realizing relatively low levels of suitability and statistical significance, the path of the study changed. After all, in order to increase suitability and statistical significance, the study had to eliminate factors such as service quality and others and for this reason the study was unable to conduct the analysis as initially planned. In addition, the data samples of the research were mainly gathered from students, which made it hard to say that the analysis was carried out on samples from every different group. Future research should analyze the characteristics of each group of customers for factors affecting customer satisfaction and customer loyalty in the family restaurant chain.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.28 no.1 s.49
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• pp.207-223
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• 1995

A new medical delivery system which regulated outpatient department(OPD) use from tertiary care hospitals was adopted in 1989. Under the new system, patients using tertiary care hospital OPD without referral slip from clinics or hospitals could not get any insurance benefit for the services received from the tertiary care hospital. This study was conducted to evaluate the Patient Referral System(PRS) with respect to health care expenditures and utilization. Two data sets were used in this study. One was monthly data set(from January 1986 to December 1992) from the Annual Report of Korea Medical Insurance Corporation(KMIC). The other was monthly joint data set composed of personal data of which 10% were selected randomly with their utilization data of KMIC from January 1988 to December 1992. The data were analyzed by time-series intervention model of SAS-ETS. The results of this study were as follows: 1. There was no statistically significant changes in per capita expenditures following PRS. 2. Utilization episodes per capita was increased statistically significantly after implementation of PRS. The use of clinics and hospitals increased significantly, whereas in tertiary care hospitals the use decreased significantly immediately after implementation of PRS and increased afterwards. 3. Follow-up visits per episode were decreased statistically significantly after implementation of PRS. The decrease of follow-up visits per episode were remarkable in clinics and hospitals, whereas in tertiary care hospitals it was increased significantly after implementation of PRS. 4. There was no statistically significant changes in prescribing days per episode following PRS. Futhermore, clinics and hospitals showed a statistically significant decrease in prescribing days per episode, whereas in tertiary care hospital it showed statistically significant increase after implementation of PRS. 5. Except high income class, the use of tertiary care hospitals showed statistically significant decrease after implementation of PRS. The degree of decrease in the use of tertiary care hospitals was inversely proportional to income. These results suggest that the PRS policy was not efficient because per capita expenditures did not decrease, and was not effective because utilization episodes per capita, follow-up visits per episode. and prescribing days per episode were not predictable and failed to show proper utilization. It was somewhat positive that utilization episodes per capita were decreased temporarily in tertiary care hospitals. And PRS policy was not appropriate because utilization episodes per capita was different among income groups. In conclusion, the PRS should be revised for initial goal attainment of cost containment and proper health care utilization.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.55-64
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• 2013

Conventionally, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the transport sector have been estimated using the fuel consumption (i.e. Tier 1 method). However, the GHG emissions on road networks may not be practically estimated using the Tier 1 method because it is not practical to monitor fuel consumption on a road segment. Further, air pollutant emissions on a road may not be estimated efficiently by the Tier 1 method either due to the diverse characteristics of vehicles, such as travel speed, vehicle type, model year, fuel type, etc. Given these conditions, the goal of this study is to propose a Tier 3 level methodology to calculate $CO_2$ and $NO_X$ emissions on inter-regional roads using the information from ITS infrastructure. The methodology may avoid the under-estimation issue caused by the concavity of emission factor curves because the ITS speed or volume information is aggregated by a short time interval. The proposed methodology was applied to 4 road segments as a case study. The results show that the management of heavy vehicles' speed is important to control the $CO_2$ and $NO_X$ emissions on road networks.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.87-114
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• 1996

This paper is the second part of a research which aims to look into the regional development process and the quality of life of Youngnam area. and to suggest a prospect and tasks for the future development of the region. All cities and regions including Youngnam area seem to be involved in a rapidly changing process of conditions for development, because of a recent economic and political transformation in the national and global scale. It can be thus said that, taking such a process into consideration seriously, each city or region needs to establish a long-term prospect and goal, and to set up and practicize its development plan. From this point of view, this paper reconsiders the changing process of conditions for development of Youngnam region, and suggests an alternative development plan. At the first, the changing conditions of regional development are investigated in economic, political, social, cultural and environmental aspects. Secondly, some actual planning practices in this regions are examined and their problems are pointed out. Thirdly, an alternative model for regional development is suggested and development tasks in each aspects are discussed in relation to each other. Finally some regional development strategies are provided in the spatial as well as the sectoral dimision. As a results of this research, it is argued that the development of Youngnam region should pursue both an improvement of socio-cultural and ecological institutions for ensuring humane life of dwellers within the region, and a enforcement of economic and political self-sufficiency in an organic relation between regions and to the whole society. This kind of argument can be applied to every city or region. But it would more significant for Youngnam region, because this region, which once experienced a rapid economic growth but now is fallen into a serious economic stagnation, tends to contrive material plans to redevelop regional economy, while ignoring social plans to improve quality of life.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.20 no.3 s.27
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• pp.425-441
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• 2006

Entering upon 21th, the internet which bring the digital era, are changing the paradigm of education and cultivating creative and challenging person, which is the core of competitive power in knowledge-information society, is more emphasized than ever. To meet the needs of the present times, it has been concentrating its effort to improve learning-environment using e-Learning in the field of teaching. E-schoolbooks that were introduced recently by way of showing an example are representative case of this intention. Though many e-learning contents are being developed, the more speedily a society grow, the shorter the life of contents are. Moreover, the contents developed are impossible to use directly for tele-education system, so standard types adjusted for various kind of system are showing up. Among them the leading standard type is SCORM(Sharable Content Object Reference Medel) made in ADL(Advanced Distributed Learning) Corporation. The KERIS' Cyber Home Education System adopted this and is using it. So, in this study, we set the goal at designing and developing an e-learning contents and an experiment-focused mathematics that suit the KERIS' Cyber Home Education System on the basis of SCORM.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.51-62
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• 2020

Starting with the "Smart Grid National Road Map" in 2010, the Smart Grid 2030 was introduced through the basic plan and implementation plan of the intelligent power grid with the goal of building the world's first national smart grid. In this paper, we intend to build a power domain ontology based on the power business platform based on the upper and lower conceptual models of the "Smart Grid Interoperability Standard Framework and Roadmap", the standard of implementation plan. Ontology is suitable for expressing and utilizing the smart grid conceptual model because it considers hierarchical structure as knowledge defines the properties of entities and relationships between entities, but there is no research related to them. Therefore, in this paper, the upper ontology was defined as a major category for smart grid-related fields, and the lower ontology was defined as detailed systems and functions for the upper ontology to construct the ontology. In addition, scenarios in various situations that could occur in the power system were constructed and significant inference results were derived through inference engines and queries.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.33 no.7
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• pp.1385-1402
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• 2013

This study analyzes pre-service teachers' PCK dealing with visualization of the contents related to boiling point elevation and teaching methods in mock-lessons. As a result of analyzing pre-service teachers' knowledge based on PCK factors, most of the pre-service teachers accentuated on understanding boiling point elevation conceptually, whereas some of the others inclined to make students understand boiling point elevation in a scientific way, let the kids use numerical formulas to describe the concept, and motivate them to learn through the examples in real life. The pre-service teachers represented majority of the important facts of boiling point elevation as the knowledge required to understand things conceptually. However, they did not focus on improving the scientific thinking and inquiring levels of the students. Also, the pre-service teachers tended to teach at the level and order of the textbook. In some other cases, they considered the vocabularies and materials in the textbook (which could have been highlighted in the editing sequence) as the main topic to learn, or regarded the goal as giving students the ability to solve exercises in the textbook. It turned out that the pre-service teachers had a low level of knowledge of their students. It is recommended that they should make use of the materials given (such as data related to the misconception of students) during the training session. The knowledge of teaching and evaluating students was described superficially by the pre-service teachers; they merely mentioned the applications of models, such as the cyclic model and discovery learning, rather than thinking of a method related to the goals, or listed general assessment methods.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.451-458
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• 2008

After more than 10 years construction, KSTAR (Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research) had finally completed its assembly in June 2007, and then achieved the goal of first-plasma in July 2008 through the four month's commissioning. KSTAR was constructed with fully superconducting magnets with material of $Nb_3Sn$ and NbTi, and their operation temperatures are maintained below 4.5K by the help of Helium Refrigerator System. During the first-plasma operation, plasmas of maximum current of 133kA and maximum pulse width of 865ms were obtained. The KSTAR Integrated Control System (KICS) has successfully fulfilled its missions of surveillance, device operation, machine protection interlock, and data acquisition and management. These and more were all KSTAR commissioning requirements. For reliable and safe operation of KSTAR, 17 local control systems were developed. Those systems must be integrated into the logically single control system, and operate regardless of their platforms and location installed. In order to meet these requirements, KICS was developed as a network-based distributed system and adopted a new framework, named as EPICS (Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System). Also, KICS has some features in KSTAR operation. It performs not only 24 hour continuous plant operation, but the shot-based real-time feedback control by exchanging the initiatives of operation between a central controller and a plasma control system in accordance with the operation sequence. For the diagnosis and analysis of plasma, 11 types of diagnostic system were implemented in KSTAR, and the acquired data from them were archived using MDSpius (Model Driven System), which is widely used in data management of fusion control systems. This paper will cover the design and implementation of the KSTAR integrated control system and the data management and visualization systems. Commissioning results will be introduced in brief.