• 제목/요약/키워드: glycosides

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인삼 분획물이 Galactosamine에 의하여 손상된 일차배양한 흰쥐의 간세포에 미치는 영향 (Effects of Panax ginseng on Galactosamine-induced Cytotoxicity in Primary Cultured Rat Hepatocytes)

  • 송진호;박미정;김은;김영중
    • 약학회지
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    • 제34권5호
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    • pp.341-347
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    • 1990

  • The anti-hepatotoxic activity of Panax ginseng was studied using galactosamine (GalN)-induced cytotoxicity in primary cultured rat hepatocytes. Panax ginseng was fractionated into dammarane glycosides and protein fractions. The dammarane glycosides was further fractionated into panaxadiol and panaxatriol glycosides fractions. The protein fraction was further fractionated into four groups according to the molecular weight; larger than 10,000 dalton, between 5,000 and 10,000 dalton, between 1,000 and 5,000 dalton and between 500 and 1,000 dalton. A significant lowering action on the elevated glutamicpyruvic transaminase (GPT) activity in the culture medium of hepatocytes treated with 1.5 mM GalN was noticed with all four protein fractions studied at the concentration of both $50\;{\mu}g/ml$ and $100\;{\mu}g/ml$. However, the effect of dammarane glycosides fractions was not significant. It was noted that the addition of $100\;{\mu}g/ml$ of protein fractions smaller than 5,000 dalton significantly enhanced the syntheses of protein and RNA in the damaged hepatocytes induced by the treatment of 1.5 mM GalN. Dammarane glycosides fractions significantly enhanced protein synthesis at the concentration of $100\;{\mu}g/ml$ in the damaged hepatocytes by treatment of 1.5 mM GalN.

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Stability of Soybean Isoflavone Isomers According to Extraction Conditions

  • Choi, Yeon-Bae;Kim, Kang-Sung
    • 한국환경보건학회지
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    • 제31권6호
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    • pp.498-503
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    • 2005

  • Stability of soybean isoflavone isomers according to extraction conditions such as temperature, pH, and extracting solvents was investigated. Heating induced three chemical reactions to occur for malony1 derivatives of isoflavones, namely decarboxylation of malony1 groups into acety1 derivatives, deesterification of malony1 residues, and hydrolysis of $\beta$-glycosidic bonds. Among the twelve isoflavone isomers, change in concentrations of acety1glycosides were most pronounced: Acety1 derivatives were present only in trace amounts in unheated hypocotyls, but the content increased dramatically during heating. As for the glycosides, concentrations of daidzin and glycitin increased due to heat treatment, though that of genistin remained almost unchanged. Heat decomposition rates and the patterns differed among the three malony1 derivatives. After 120 min at $80^{circ}C$, the relative concentrations of daidzin, glycitin and genistin were increased from $9.2\%$, $12.4\%$ and $3.3\%$ to $19.3\%$, $21.9\%$ and $6.2\%$, respectively. When crude isoflavones were solubilized in glycine buffer (pH 10.0) and incubated at $80^{circ}C$, deesterification occurred faster than at pH 7.0. When the pH of isoflavone solution was increased, the malony1glycosides were hydrolyzed to their respective glycosides at increased rate. Both acetyl and aglycone forms were unchanged and only de-esterification reactions occurred. At the acidic pH, malonylglycosides were much stable both at 60 and $80^{circ}C$. However at pH 10, $80^{circ}C$ and 1 hr, $75-80\%$ of malonylglycosides were transformed to their deesterified glycosides. When isoflavones were extracted with $60\%$ aqueous ethanol at $60^{circ}C$, isoflavone isomers were stable and the deesterification reactions did not occur in these conditions. However, at $80^{circ}C$ deesterification of malonyiglycosides occurred significantly with $15-20\%$ of malonylglycosides being hydrolyzed into their respective glycosides. This experiment showed that malonylglycosides undergo decomposition when heated or exposed to alkaline conditions. Also, aqueous ethanol was preferred to aqueous methanol as solubilizing media for obtaining extract with minimum degradation of malonylglycosides.

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C-Flavonoidal Glycosides from Erythrina caffra Flowers

  • El-Masry, Sawsan;Hammoda, Hala M.;Radwan, Mohamed M.;Ross, Samir A.;Zaatout, Hala H.
    • Natural Product Sciences
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    • 제16권4호
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    • pp.217-222
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    • 2010

  • A phytochemical investigation of the ethanolic extract of Erythrina caffra flowers from an Egyptian origin yielded three C-flavonoidal glycosides; 5,7,4'-trihydroxyflavone-8-C-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside (vitexin) (1), 5,7,4'-trihydroxyflavone-6-C-$\beta$-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 $\rightarrow$ 2)-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside (isovitexin-2"-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside) (2), 5, 7, 4'-trihydroxyflavone-6, 8-di-C-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside (vicenin-2) (3) and one O-flavonoidal glycoside; kaempferol-3-O-$\beta$-D.glucopyranosyl) (1 $\rightarrow$ 2)-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside (4). The structures of the isolated compounds (1 - 4) were elucidated using different spectral techniques (UV, 1D and 2D NMR and HRESIMS). This is the first report for the isolation of flavonoidal glycosides from Erythrina caffra. The antibacterial, antifungal, antimalarial, and antileishmanial activities of the isolates were evaluated. In addition, the cytotoxic activity of the ethanolic extract and the main fractions were tested using brine shrimp bioassay.

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