• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.47-52
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• 2017

Purpose: Renal ultrasonography has been widely used in children with renal disease. However, the relationship of renal echogenicity with renal pathology and function in children is not well known. Method: Ultrasound examination was performed in 75 patients undergoing renal biopsy for suspected renal disease in Konkuk University Medical Center from August 2005 to November 2015. We compared renal echogenicity to pathologic findings and renal function. Renal echogenicity was scored as 0 to 2 by comparing adjacent liver echogenicity. Three histologic characteristics were evaluated: glomerular changes, interstitial infiltration or fibrosis, and tubular atrophy. These were graded as 0 to 3, according to increasing severity. Laboratory results included urine albumin excretion and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Results: Among pathologic findings, renal echogenicity revealed a positive correlation with interstitial infiltration or fibrosis (r=0.259, P=0.025), and with tubular atrophy (r=0.268, P=0.02). Renal echogenicity and glomerular changes were not correlated. Renal echogenicity showed a positive correlation with microalbuminuria (r=0.283, P=0.014), but a negative correlation with eGFR (r=-0.352, P=0.002). Conclusion: Increased renal echogenicity suggested severe interstitial infiltration or fibrosis and tubular atrophy among the pathologic findings. Moreover, increased echogenicity is correlated with increased urine albumin excretion and decreased eGFR. Echogenicity on ultrasonography is useful for determining the status of renal pathology and function.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.31-44
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• 1976

It has been reported that many of the effects of digitalis glycosides could be mediated partly through the central nervous system. In this study the effects of ouabain given directly into the lateral ventricle of the brain on the renal function of the rabbit were investigated. Intraventricular ouabain elicited antidiuresis in doses ranging from 0.1 to $3\;{\mu}g$, exhibiting a rough dose-response relationship, and decreased the renal plasma flow, glomerular filtration rate and urinary excretion of sodium and potassium, concomitant with the decrease of urine flow. These decreases in urine flow, excretory rate of electrolytes significantly correlated with the decrease in renal plasma flow or glomerular filtration rate, suggesting that the antidiuresis might have been induced by the hemodynamic changes. Intravenous ouabain in a dose of $1\;{\mu}g$ did not affect the renal function. Systemic blood pressure as well as cardiac activity was not affected by the intraventricular ouabain. Effects of the intraventricular ouabain on renal function were abolished by the intravenous phentolamine-pretreatment but not affected by intraventricular phentolamine-pretreatment. Neither vasopressin infusion nor hydration did affect the renal effects of intraventricular ouabain. From these observations, it is suggested that the antidiuresis of intraventricular ouabain is induced by the increased sympathetic influence to the kidney.

• 대한핵의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한핵의학회 1966년도 제5회 학술대회
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• pp.96.1-96.1
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• 1966

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.1-7
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• 1980

As it has been reported that morphine induce antidiuresis, and antinatriuresis along with decrease in renal hemodynamics when given intracerebroventricularly[ivt], the renal action of nalorphine, a partial antagonist of morphine action, and its influence upon the morphine action were investigated in this study. $10{\mu}g/kg$ of nalorphine given into the lateral ventricle of the rabbit brain tended to decrease renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate and increase the reabsorption of free water in the tubules. $100{\mu}g/kg$ ivt significantly decreased urine flow rate and increased free water reabsorption, and tended to increase electrolyte excretion in spite of decrease in renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration, suggesting that ADH also involved in the antidiuresis. Morphine hydrochloride, $10{\mu}g/kg$, ivt, produced marked decrement in renal hemodynamics along with decreased excretions of sodium, potassium and water, and these morphine actions were alleviated by nalorphine given 20 min later. The natriuretic action of ivt nalorphine manifested itself uninfluenced by the morphine. These observations indicate that nalorphine ivt produces renal actions similar to those of morphine, though less potent, and that it can antagonize the latter action. It is suggested that morphine influences renal hemodynamics through nerve by stimulating the 'morphine receptor' in the brain, whereas nalorphine liberates ADH by the agonistic action on the 'nalorphine receptor'.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.95-100
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• 1992

The radioisotopic measurement of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) has required analysis of serial blood or urine samples over several hours, and does not allow measurement of separate renal function unless separate catherterization of individual ureters is done. Gates described isotopic method for the measurement of global and unilateral GFR based on the determination by scintillation camera of the fraction of the injected dose of $^{99m}Tc-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic$ acid (DTPA) present in the kidneys 2-3 minutes after its administration. We calculated GFR according to Gates' method in 58 adult patients with various levels of global renal function using $^{99m}Tc$ DTPA and validated this technique by correlation with 24 hour creatinine clearance. A good correlation was observed between 24 hour creatinine clearance and GFR calculated by Gates' formula, with an r value of 0.91 (p<0.01). We concluded that determination of GFR according to the Gates' formula allows good and reproducible prediction of GFR with great rapidity and simplicity rendering this technique suitable for clinical practice.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.498-505
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• 2005

Renal failure means irreversible damage and depression of renal function, represented by glomerular filtration rate(GFR). A renal failure patient with uremia and anemia is presented. Anemia, in this patient, appeared before uremia did. A 55 year-old male patient was treated for renal failure with Weilingtang. Improvement was observed in, not only GFR, blood urea nitrogen(BUN), and creatinine, but also in such symptoms as difficulty in urine excretion, dyspepsia and abdominal swelling. But anemia appeared during treatment, so a mixture of Dangguibuxuetang(當歸補血湯) and Xiongguitang(芎歸湯) was prescribed. After this treatment, improvement in hemoglobin, and hematocrit was observed.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.465-472
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• 2011

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to report the clinical effect of herb medicine (Samryungbeakchul-sangami) on chronic renal disease. Methods : 8 patients diagnosed with chronic renal disease were enrolled in this study. They were treated with herb medicine (Samryungbeakchul-san gami) therapy. To evaluate the therapeutic effect, before and after treatment, we measured laboratory examinations: BUN, creatinine, glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Results : After treatment, improvement was seen in symptoms and in BUN, creatinine and GFR. Conclusions : This study suggests that herb medicine (Samryungbeakchul-san gami) is significantly effective in treating chronic renal disease.

• 약학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.88-101
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• 1990

Captopril, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, when given intravenously in dog, elicited the diuretic action along with the increases of glomerular filtration rates (GFR), renal plasma flow (RPF) and osmolar clearances (Cosm) with no changes of free water clearnces ($C_{H_2O}$), and then captopril produced the enlargement of excretion rates of electrolytes in urine and the reduction of reabsorption rates of electrolytes in renal tubles. Captopril, when given into a renal artery, exhibited no changes of renal function in the experinental kidney, whereas diuretic action with the same mechanism as shown in intravenous captopril in control kidney. Captopril, when injected into a carotid artery, showed increases in rates of urine flow in a small does which did not affect on renal action when it was administered intravenusly. Diuretic action induced by captopril was not influenced by renal artery denervation, propranolol and angiotensin II inhibiters. Above results suggest that captopril produced diuretic action along with renal hemodynamic changes by slight contraction of vas efferense and reduction of reabsorption rate of electrolytes in renal tubules, especilly distal tubules, that may be mediatedby endogenous substances.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.41-54
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• 2000

This study was undertaken to determine if Plantaginis Semen Herbal Acupuncture(PSA) has a protective effect against glycerol-induced acute renal failure in rats. Rats were dehydrated for 24hr and then injected with 8 ml/kg of $50\%$ glycerol, one-half of dose in each hindlimb muscle. In experiments for PSA effect, rats received 0.1 ml of PSA extraction in both sides of corresponding Shenso($BL_{23}$) of human body for 3 days after injection of glycerol. The experimental group were di vided into the Normal group, the Control group, the PSA group. Glycerol injection decreased glomerular filtration rate and increased urine volume, serum creatinine, BUN level and fractional excretion of glucose, $Na^+$, $K^+$ and $CI^-$. These result show that glycerol injection result in acute renal failure. PSA significantly increased glomerular filtration rate and significantly decreased serum creatinine, BUN level and fractional excretion of glucose, $Na^+$ and $CI^-$ as compared Control group. This suggests that PSA could be used in prevention and treatment of acute renalfailure. However, the precise mechanisms of PSA protection remain to be determined.

• 비만대사연구학술지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.66-73
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• 2022

Obesity is an increasing public health and medical issue worldwide. It has been associated with several comorbidities, including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, stroke, and cancer. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is another important comorbidity of obesity. Other major causes of CKD include hypertension and diabetes. However, the association between obesity and CKD is often overlooked. Among patients with CKD, patients with obesity were more vulnerable to have rapid kidney function decline than that of those with normal weight. Additionally, CKD is more prevalent among patients with obesity. These aggravations are induced through multiple mechanisms, specifically metabolic impairment of obesity and mechanical burden because of increasing intraabdominal renal pressure. Furthermore, the inflammation and lipotoxicity, caused by obesity, are critical in the CKD aggravation in patients with obesity. To prevent this, all adult patients with obesity are tested for CKD. The workup includes the estimated glomerular filtration rate and regular follow-up. Step-wise management is required for patients with obesity with CKD. Prompt reduction and management of obesity effectively delay CKD progression among patients with obesity and CKD. Therefore, weight loss is a core management for patients with obesity and CKD. Based on several studies, this article focused on the association between CKD and obesity, as well as the diagnosis and weight management of patients with obesity and CKD.