• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• 제34권1호
• /
• pp.205-221
• /
• 2004

Periodontal ligament(PDL) cells have been known as playing an important roles in periodontal regeneration and gingival fibroblasts are also important to periodontal regeneration by forming connective tissue attachment. There were rare studies about the gene expression patterns of PDL cells and gingival fibroblasts, therefore in this study, we tried cDNA microarray-based gene expression monitoring to explain the functional differences of PDL cells and gingival fibroblasts in vivo and to confirm the characteristics of PDL cells. Total RNA were extracted from PDL cells and gingival fibroblasts of same person and same passages, and mRNA were isolated from the total RNA using Oligotex mRNA midi kit(Qiagen) and then fluorescent cDNA probe were prepared. And microarray hybridization were performed. The gene expression patterns of PDL cells and gingival fibroblasts were quite different. About 400 genes were expressed more highly in the PDL cells than gingival fibroblasts and about 300 genes were more highly expressed in the gingival fibroblasts than PDL cells. Compared growth factor- and growth factor receptor-related gene expression patterns of PDL cells with gingival fibroblasts, IGF-2, IGF-2 associated protein, nerve growth factor, placental bone morphogenic protein, neuron-specific growth- associated protein, FGF receptor, EGF receptor-related gene and PDGF receptor were more highly expressed in the PDL cells than gingival fibroblasts. The results of collagen gene expression patterns showed that collagen type I, type III, type VI and type VII were more highly expressed in the PDL cells than gingival fibroblasts, and in the gingival fibroblasts collagen type V, XII were more highly expressed than PDL cells. The results of osteoblast-related gene expression patterns showed that osteoblast specific cysteine-rich protein were more highly expressed in the PDL cells than gingival fibroblasts. The results of cytoskeletal proteins gene expression patterns showed that a-smooth muscle actin, actin binding protein, smooth muscle myosin heavy chain homolog and myosin light chain were more highly expressed in the PDL cells than gingival fibrobalsts, and ${\beta}-actin$, actin-capping protein(${\beta}$ subunit), actin- related protein Arp3(ARP) and myosin class I(myh-1c) were more highly expressed in the gingival fibroblasts than PDL cells. Osteoprotegerin/osteoclastogenesis inhibitory factor(OPG/OCIF) was more highly expressed in the PDL cells than gingival fibroblasts. According to the results of this study, PDL cells and gingival fibroblasts were quite different gene expression patterns though they are the fibroblast which have similar shape. Therefore PDL cells & gingival fibroblasts are heterogeneous populations which represent distinct characteristics. If more studies about genes that were differently expressed in each PDL cells & gingival fibroblasts would be performed in the future, it would be expected that the characteristics of PDL cells would be more clear.

• 한국치위생학회지
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.371-384
• /
• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors related to gingival symptoms by mental health factors among the adolescents in Korea. Methods: The data were used which were collected from the web-based survey of the National 2016 Korean Youth Risk Behavior of Korean Center for Disease Control. The study sample comprised of 65,528 adolescents in middle- and high schools. Data were analyzed using SPSS Ver. 20.0 and multiple regression analysis was conducted to identify the factors related to gingival symptoms by mental health factors. Results: The relationship between mental health factors and gingival symptoms were examined. And, subject characteristics about gingival symptoms were identified to be significant factors such as gender, grade, economic level, smoking and drinking status in all poor mental health groups. The number of brushing per day was related to the gingival symptoms for both good mental health groups and poor mental health groups. Conclusions: Mental health, characteristics, health behaviors of the adolescents should be considered when establishing the policies and institutions to improve oral health targeted adolescents.

• 대한치과의사협회지
• /
• 제52권12호
• /
• pp.712-719
• /
• 2014

Localized gingival enlargement is a common finding and tends to be reactive hyperplasia. Gingival reactive lesions are usually asymptomatic and respond to conservative treatment. However, a small entity of localized gingival enlargement is distinct from non-neoplastic growth, including developmental and neoplastic lesions. Since their clinical characteristics are similar with other lesions of gingiva, it can cause diagnostic dilemma, and is recommended to submit biopsy and confirm pathologic diagnosis. Their incidence of recurrence are different, therefore method of treatment should vary depending on the diagnosis. This review explains identification and treatment of localized gingival lesions.

• 한국치위생학회지
• /
• 제19권6호
• /
• pp.951-961
• /
• 2019

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate how the amount and duration of smoking effects the bleeding and pain of gingival among adolescents in Korea while also taking into consideration the impact of drinking. Methods: Data were utilized from a web-based survey of youth health behaviors conducted by the Korean Center for Disease Control and Prevention in 2016. The subjects of the study included 65,528 adolescents from middle and high schools. As dependent variables, bleeding and pain of gingival were used. Data were analyzed using the SPSS Version 20.0 program. Results: After adjusting for the general characteristics and oral health behaviors of the subjects, in the long-term, the ≥0.52 PY group (heavy smoker) experienced 1.28 times higher bleeding and pain of gingival than the <0.52 PY group (light smoker) among adolescents who smoke and drink at the same time. Adolescents who smoked without drinking did not show any difference on bleeding and pain of gingival according to the amount of smoking in the short- and long-term. However, the findings reveal that there was a difference on bleeding and pain of gingival according to tooth brushing frequency. Conclusions: In order to promote the periodontal health of adolescents, it is argued that programs and projects should be implemented to prevent, educate, and control simultaneous behaviors of smoking and drinking.

• 한국치위생학회지
• /
• 제19권4호
• /
• pp.515-524
• /
• 2019

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effects of the amount and duration of smoking on gingival symptoms in adolescents. Methods: We used the web-based survey data of youth health behaviors from 2016 conducted by the Korean Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The subjects of the study were 67,983 middle and high school students. Data analysis was performed using the SPSS Ver 20.0 program, and complex sample multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze gingival symptoms according to short- or long-term smoking habits. Results: In subjects with short-term smoking habits, there was no significant difference in gingival symptoms according to the smoking amount. However, after adjusting for socioeconomic characteristics and oral health behaviors in subjects with long-term smoking habits, a heavy smoking amount (${\geq}0.52PY$) had a 1.25 times higher effect than a light smoking amount (<0.52 PY) on gingival symptoms. Long-term heavy smoking (${\geq}0.52PY$) and low daily tooth-brushing frequency in high school students were factors affecting gingival symptoms. Conclusions: When conducting a project on the oral health of adolescents, it is argued that specific investigations and measures should be set up regarding health behavior factors, such as the amount and duration of smoking among adolescents.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• 제35권3호
• /
• pp.761-776
• /
• 2005

The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between the form of the clinical crowns in the maxillary anterior segment and the clinical feature of gingiva such as morphological characteristics and the gingival thickness. Fifty periodontally healthy subjects were clinically examined regarding the probing depth, the thickness of the free gingiva, and the width of the keratinized gingiva. From study models of the maxillary anterior region, the width at cervical third(CW) and the length(CL) of the clinical crown, the papillary height, and the gingival angle of the 6 anterior teeth were measured. Each tooth was classified into 4 groups (longnarrow, NL; narrow, N; wide, W; short-wide, WS) according to CW/CL ratio and all the data were compared between groups NL and WS using independent t-test. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed for each tooth region with the gingival thickness at the level of sulcus bottom, the width of keratinized gingiva, and gingival angle as the dependent variables. As the results, the NL group of the upper anterior teeth displayed, higher papilla height, and narrower keratinized gingiva, more acute gingival angle resulting in pronounced "scalloped" contour of the gingival margin, compared to the WS group. There was no significant difference between groups NL and WS with respect to probing depth and the gingival thickness. The regression analyses demonstrated that the gingival thickness in central incisors was significantly associated to the mesio-distal width and bucco-lingual width of the crown, and labial probing depth. The width of keratinized gingiva was significantly associated with labial probing depth in central incisors and with proximal probing depth and gingival angle in lateral incisors, and with labial and proximal probing depth, and gingival angle in canines. The gingival angle was significantly associated with papillary height and CW/CL ratio and additionally with proximal probing depth in central incisors, with the width of keratinized gingiva in lateral incisors, and with labial probing depth and the width of keratinized gingiva in canines. These results indicate that the form of clinical crown in upper anterior region could influence the clinical feature of gingiva and the influencing factors might be different according to the tooth region.

• 한국치위생학회지
• /
• 제14권6호
• /
• pp.921-926
• /
• 2014

Objectives: The purpose of the study is to investigate the factors associated with gingival bleeding(GB) by tooth brushing in college students. Methods: A self-reported questionnaire was filled out by 232 college students in Daegu Health College from March to June, 2014. Data were analyzed for frequency, chi square test, and logistic regression analysis using SPSS 12.0 program. The study was a cross sectional study. The questionnaire consisted of general characteristics of the subjects(gender, age, marital status, and smoking), frequency and duration of tooth brushing, scaling experience, and physical health status. Self-reporting hemorrhage was reported by yes or no. Frequency of tooth brushing was documented as the number of behavior. Above 4 times of tooth brushing was defined as 4. Duration of tooth brushing was documented as minute. Above 4 minutes, it was recorded as 4. In physical health status, 1 is feeling weak and 4 is feeling very healthy. Cronbach alpha was 0.82 in the study. Results: There were significant relationships between gingival bleeding and age(p<0.05), subjective health(p<0.01), tooth brushing frequency(p<0.05) and duration(p<0.05) by chi square test. Logistic regression analysis showed that the age(p<0.05), subjective health(p<0.01), tooth brushing frequency(p<0.05) and duration(p<0.05) were associated with gingival bleeding. Prevalence of gingival bleeding in 20 years was 0.62(odds ratio 1.85, 95% CI 1.00~3.43) and it was higher than that in 10 years. Prevalence of gingival bleeding in good health group was -1.38 and it was lower than that in poor health group. Conclusions: The factors associated with gingival bleeding were age, subjective health, and tooth brushing frequency and time.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• 제51권1호
• /
• pp.30-39
• /
• 2021

Purpose: The present study was undertaken to examine whether periodontal probe visibility (PV) accurately reflects gingival thickness (GT) and to identify factors affecting PV using cluster and multivariate analyses. Methods: The clinical characteristics of the maxillary central incisors (n=90 subjects) were examined. Clinical photographs, sex, PV, probing depth, gingival width, papilla height, GT as measured with an ultrasonic device, and the ratio of crown width to crown length were recorded. Multivariate analysis, using multinomial baseline-category logistic regression, was used to identify factors predictive of PV. Cluster analysis was used to identify gingival biotypes. Results: In the multivariate analysis, sex was the only significant predictor of PV (odds ratio, 6.48). Two clusters of subjects were created based on morphometric parameters. The mean GT among cluster A subjects was significantly lower than that among cluster B subjects (P=0.015). No significant difference was found between cluster A and B subjects in terms of PV score (P=0.583). Conclusions: Periodontal PV was not associated with GT as measured directly using an ultrasonic device. Sex was a highly significant predictor of periodontal PV. GT was found to be correlated with morphological characteristics of the periodontium.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• 제24권2호
• /
• pp.357-375
• /
• 1994

The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences of histochemical characteristics in inflammatory fibrous gingival hyperplasia (FGH), phenytoin-induced gingival hyperplasia(PIGH), idiopathic gingival hyperplasia(IDGH) and control groups (healthy and inflammatory gingiva) by immunohistochemical method with various antibodies and histomorphological analysis. In immunohistochemical finding, antibodies to inflammatory cells (T/B lymphocytes, macrophages, other monocytes), proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA), epidermal growth factor(EGF), factor VIII, and type I collagen were used. 1. The inflammatory infiltrates in FGH were less than those in inflammatory gingiva. The composition of inflammatory cells of PIGH was similar with that of FGH. IDGH showed a similar histologic findings with healthy gingival tissue. 2. In FGH, the number of fibroblasts and newly-formed collagen fibers was increased. No significant increase of fibroblasts and the dense accumulation of thick collagen fibers were seen in PIGH. The increase of fibroblasts and the dense accumulation of thick collagen were seen in IDGH. 3. PCNA-positive cells were localized mainly in the area accumulated with inflammatory cells and blood vessels, significantly increased in all hyperplastic tissue groups, and distributed evenly in IDGH. 4. The distribution of EGF were not observed in healthy gingiva but detected locally in area with confluent blood vessels,without significant difference between the other tissue groups. This results suggest that inflammation plays a significant role in inducing hyperplastic change of gingival tissue. While in DIGH, drug itself as well as inflammation seems to attribute to hyperplastic change.

• 대한치과교정학회지
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.273-283
• /
• 1992

To find out the differences between periodontal ligament cells (PDL cells) and gingival fibroblast cells (GFB cells), alkaline phosphatase, a marker enzyme for osteoblast, was used to measure the activities and $^{45}CaCl_2$ isotope was used to find out cellular and release of $^{45}Ca$, a requisite for bone formation,. PDL cells and GFB cells from 1 to 5 passages were also measured in alkaline phosphatase activity assay. By the use of above methods, followings were concluded that the PDL cells and the GFB cells have characteristics that are different from each other. In that PDL cells showed large amount of calcium uptake and large amount of calcium release in initial stage, they seem to possess characteristics which are similar to osteoblast-like cells. 1. The PDL cells, in contrast to the gingival fibroblast, showed exceedingly high alkaline phosphatase activity which was highest at the second passage, decreasing thereon. But gingival fibroblasts cells showed no distinct differences in alkaline phosphatase activity as the passage were elapsed. 2. For both PDL cells and GF cells, the $^{45}Ca$ uptake was greatest at 2 hours period. The PDL cells showed higher measuring than GFB cells through out the whole time period. 3. Whereas the GFB cells showed slow increase of $^{45}Ca$ release as time relapsed, the PDL cells showed rapid increase of $^{45}Ca$ release.