• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.806-811
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• 2012

This study was conducted to evaluate effects of plant extracts on methanogenesis and rumen microbial diversity in in vitro. Plant extracts (Artemisia princeps var. Orientalis; Wormwood, Allium sativum for. Pekinense; Garlic, Allium cepa; Onion, Zingiber officinale; Ginger, Citrus unshiu; Mandarin orange, Lonicera japonica; Honeysuckle) were obtained from the Plant Extract Bank at Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology. The rumen fluid was collected before morning feeding from a fistulated Holstein cow fed timothy and commercial concentrate (TDN; 73.5%, crude protein; 19%, crude fat; 3%, crude fiber; 12%, crude ash; 10%, Ca; 0.8%, P; 1.2%) in the ratio of 3 to 2. The 30 ml of mixture, comprising McDougall buffer and rumen liquor in the ratio of 4 to 1, was dispensed anaerobically into serum bottles containing 0.3 g of timothy substrate and plant extracts (1% of total volume, respectively) filled with $O_2$-free $N_2$ gas and capped with a rubber stopper. The serum bottles were held in a shaking incubator at $39^{\circ}C$ for 24 h. Total gas production in all plant extracts was higher (p<0.05) than that of the control, and total gas production of ginger extract was highest (p<0.05). The methane emission was highest (p<0.05) at control, but lowest (p<0.05) at garlic extract which was reduced to about 20% of methane emission (40.2 vs 32.5 ml/g DM). Other plant extracts also resulted in a decrease in methane emissions (wormwood; 8%, onion; 16%, ginger; 16.7%, mandarin orange; 12%, honeysuckle; 12.2%). Total VFAs concentration and pH were not influenced by the addition of plant extracts. Acetate to propionate ratios from garlic and ginger extracts addition samples were lower (p<0.05, 3.36 and 3.38 vs 3.53) than that of the control. Real-time PCR indicted that the ciliate-associated methanogen population in all added plant extracts decreased more than that of the control, while the fibrolytic bacteria population increased. In particular, the F. succinogens community in added wormwood, garlic, mandarin orange and honeysuckle extracts increased more than that of the others. The addition of onion extract increased R. albus diversity, while other extracts did not influence the R. albus community. The R. flavefaciens population in added wormwood and garlic extracts decreased, while other extracts increased its abundance compared to the control. In conclusion, the results indicated that the plant extracts used in the experiment could be promising feed additives to decrease methane gas emission from ruminant animals while improving ruminal fermentation.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.484-488
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• 2006

이상의 실험결과를 종합해보면 6-gingerol의 최적추출조건은 $30^{\circ}C$에서 80% 에탄올을 이용하여 추출함이 바람직하다고 여겨진다. 또한 용매만을 이용해서 추출하는 것보다 초음파를 도입하여 추출하는 것이 7% 정도 높은 결과를 얻는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 6-gingerol의 경우 분취크로마토그래피를 이용했을 때 비교적 높은 순도의 gingerol을 얻을 수 있었으며, F9 분획에서 $0.53\;mg/m{\ell}$의 6-gingerol를 얻었다. 6-gingerol의 항산화 활성은 아스코르브산의 95% 정도로 매우 높게 나타났다. 또한 항산화 활성을 나타내는 다른 물질이 포함되어 있다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.55-63
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• 1992

봉동산 생강(Zingiber officinale Roscoe)의 정유성분조성을 분석코자 액체 이산화탄소 주출법으로 분리하여 silica gel column chromatography범에 의해 탄화수소 화합물 분획과 함산소 화합물 분획으로 분류한 다음 GC 및 GC-MS로 성분을 검토하였다. 추출물의 수율은 6.96%이었으며, SCC에 의해 분리된 분획의 분석결과 mass spectrum에 의해서 잠정적으로 확인된 58종을 포함하여 102종의 향기성분이 확인되었다. 중 탄화수소 화합물 분획에서는 zingiberene, ${\beta}-sesquiphellandrene,\;{\gamma}-bisabolene,\;{\gamma}-cadinene,\;ar-curcumene$ 등이 주성분이었고, 함산소 화합물 분획에서는 gernal, sesquisabinene hydrate, borneol, zingiberenol 등이 주성분 이었다. 총 essential oil의 조성은 $zingiberene,\;citronellol+{\beta}-sesquiphellandrene,\;geranial,\;{\gamma}-bisabolene,\;ar-curcumene+geranyl\;acetate$ 등이 주성분으로 sesquiterpene hydrocarbon의 함량이 높게 나타났다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.279-293
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• 2021

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The steamed ginger has been shown to have antioxidative effects and a protective effect against obesity. In the present study, we investigated the effects of ethanolic extract of steamed ginger (SGE) on adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and diet-induced obesity (DIO) mouse model. MATERIALS/METHODS: The protective effects of SGE on adipogenesis were examined in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by measuring lipid accumulations and genes involved in adipogenesis. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a normal diet (ND, 10% fat w/w), a high-fat diet (HFD, 60% fat w/w), and HFD supplemented with either 40 mg/kg or 80 mg/kg of SGE for 12 weeks. Serum chemistry was measured, and the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism was determined in the adipose tissue. Histological analysis and micro-computed tomography were performed to identify lipid accumulations in epididymal fat pads. RESULTS: In 3T3-L1 cells, SGE significantly decreased lipid accumulation, with concomitant decreases in the expression of adipogenesis-related genes. SGE significantly attenuated the increase in body, liver, and epididymal adipose tissue weights by HFD. Serum total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were significantly lower in SGE fed groups compared to HFD. In adipose tissue, SGE significantly decreased adipocyte size than that of HFD and altered adipogenesis-related genes. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, steamed ginger exerted anti-obesity effects by regulating genes involved in adipogenesis and lipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cell and epididymal adipose tissue of DIO mice.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.198-205
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• 2021

본 배경 : 질염은 항생제를 복용하는 방식으로 치료를 하고 있으며, 이러한 항생제의 지속적인 치료는 내성을 유발할 수 있다. 연구 방법 : Lactic acid bacteria 2종에 에센셜 오일을 이용한 항균 활성을 보고자 한다. SE(Grapefruit Seed Extract), eucalyptus, tea tree, clove bud oil, cinnamon oil, lemongrass oil, thyme oil, ginger oil을 일정 비율로 넣어 배양 후, 병원성 미생물- E. coli, C. albicans와 Lactic acid bacteria은 균주에 맞는 배지를 사용하여 균 수를 측정하였다. 결과 : Essential oil 7종과 GSE가 병원성 미생물에 억제 효과가 있으며, 병원성균(E. coli, C. albicans)에 대한 Grapefruit seed extract(GSE)의 억제농도를 확인하였다, 병원성균은 억제하고 Lactic acid bacteria는 억제하지 않는 배합비도 확인하였다(GSE 농도가 200ppm에서 Eucalyptus globulus(EG) oil 50㎕와 Melaleuca alternifolia oil(Tea tree oil, TTO) 50㎕(pH 5.0, 5.5, 6.0)). 결론 : 본 실험에서 Essential oil은 다양한 항균 활성 가지고 있어 항생제 대안으로도 생각할 수 있으며, 장기 항생제 치료환자에 대한 보조 항균제로서도 유용할 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.469-474
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• 2011

본 실험에서는 생강 에탄올 추출물의 극성에 따른 용매 분획을 실시하여 생강의 유용성분을 분석하였으며, 초임계 추출 장치를 이용하여 oil을 추출한 후 남은 박을 다시 에탄올로 추출하여 각각의 총 폴리페놀 및 플라보노이드의 함량과 DPPH, ABTS radical 소거활성을 측정하여 항산화 활성을 비교 검색하였다. 알려진 생강의 유용성분 중 6-gingerol의 함량이 가장 높았으며, n-hexane층에 약 25% 존재하여 6-shogaol 보다 7배 이상 높은 것을 확인했다. 항산화 성분 측정 결과, 생강 박 에탄올 추출물의 총 플라보노이드 함량이 생강 에탄올 추출물보다 높은 경향을 나타내어 생강의 오일 추출 후에 플라보노이드 성분의 용출이 용이해 졌음을 알 수 있었다. DPPH와 ABTS 라디컬 소거능은 초임계 오일에서 높았으며 특히, 45$^{\circ}C$ 이상의 온도 및 200 bar 이상의 조건에서 추출한 오일에서 우수한 소거활성을 나타냈다. 또한, 오일뿐 아니라 박 에탄올 추출물은 온도와 관계없이 압력 100 bar에서 항산화능이 우수하였으며 특히, 55$^{\circ}C$, 100 bar에서 20.17${\pm}$0.83 ${\mu}g/mL$로 강한 소거활성을 확인할 수 있었다. 이는 초임계 오일은 고온, 고압에서 추출 시 많은 양의 항산화 성분이 용출되며, 박 추출물의 경우에는 낮은 압력에서 얻은 박에 많은 양의 항산화 성분이 존재하는 것을 알 수 있다. 이러한 결과로부터, 초임계 추출법이 항산화 성분 추출에 보다 효율적인 방법이며, 생강 특유의 향과 고농도의 6-gingerol을 함유하는 초임계 오일뿐만 아니라 향 성분이 제거된 박 추출물도 높은 항산화 효과를 나타내는 기능성 천연 소재로의 활용이 가능할 것으로 사료되며 향후 다양한 산업적 활용이 기대된다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.411-419
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• 2012

The present study was to investigate the effects of Lycii Cortex Radicis (LCR), the root bark of lycium (Lycium chenese Miller) and ginger (Gin) on body lipid status and serum levels of cytokines. Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rats weighing $193.6{\pm}16.8g$ were divided into five groups, including one low fat (LF) and four high fat groups, i.e. HF-Control, HF-LCR, HF-Gin and HF-LCR + Gin groups. Diets for HF-LCR, HF-Gin and HF-LCR + Gin groups contained purified extracts having 0.2 g LCR tyramine, ginerol and 0.1 g tyramine plus 0.02 g gingerol per kg, respectively. Compared with those of the HF-Control total serum cholesterol level decreased, and HDL-cholesterol level increased in the HF-LCR group and serum triglyceride levels decreased in the three experimental groups fed the purified extracts. Liver cholesterol level was lower in the HF-LCR group than the HF-Control group, but triglyceride levels, which were increased by high fat diets were not changed by significantly by LCR or ginger extracts. Fecal lipid excretion was higher in the HF-LCR and HF-Gin groups, but cholesterol excretion was lower in the HF-Gin group than in the HF-Control group. The activities of liver cytosolic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and malic enzyme were lower in the HF-LCR + Gin group than in the HF-Control group. Serum adiponectin levels did not differ among the five groups, while leptin level was lower in the HF-Gin group and C-reactive protein levels were lower in the HF-Gin and the HF-LCR + Gin groups than in the HF-Control group. It is concluded that LCR can be utilized as an ingredient for lipid-lowering functional foods in the form of purified extract and addition of small amount of ginger extract would be useful for reducing one of the inflammatory cytokines to help prevent atherosclerosis.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.255-258
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 도축장에서 분리된 Listeria monocytogenes를 저해할 수 있는 식물성 항균 물질을 탐색하고, 각 항균 물질의 최소살균농도(MBC)를 확인하였다. 잠재적인 항균 물질로 자몽종자 추출물, 감귤류 추출물, 생강 추출물, 배 추출물, 매실 농축액, 도라지 추출물, 대추 추출물, 오미자 추출물을 선정하였고, 대상 균주로는 국내 도축장에서 분리한 15 개의 L. monocytogenes 균주를 혼합하여 사용하였다. MBC 확인 결과, 최대 $4.0{\mu}g/mL$ 농도의 생강 추출물, 배 추출물, 매실 농축액, 도라지 추출물, 대추 추출물, 오미자 추출물은 고농도의 L. monocytogenes (7 Log CFU/mL)에 대해 균 저해 효과가 전혀 나타나지 않았다. 반면, 7 Log CFU/mL의 L. monocytogenes에 대한 자몽종자 추출물과 감귤류 추출물의 MBC는 $0.002{\mu}g/mL$인 것으로 확인되었다. 3 Log CFU/mL의 L. monocytogenes에 대한 MBC를 시험해 본 결과, 자몽종자 추출물과 감귤류 추출물의 MBC는 $0.001{\mu}g/mL$로 나타났다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때 자몽종자 추출물과 감귤류 추출물은 L. monocytogenes를 제어하기 위해 적용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국영양학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국영양학회 2003년도 추계학술대회 및 정기총회
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• pp.174-174
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• 2003

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.743-757
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• 2023

The formulation of a novel functional fresh apple juice enriched with dietary prebiotic fiber (inulin or polydextrose), ginger extract (GE), and cardamom essential oil (CEO) was carried out based on a combined D-optimal design. In the first stage, sensory evaluation was performed to screen and select the optimum sample for further experiments. The sensory evaluation showed that the sample containing inulin 0.25 g/100 g GE and 0.03 g/100 g CEO had the highest organoleptic score. In the second stage, various chemical experiments, including pH, acidity, formalin index, total phenol, flavonoids, antioxidant capacity, and vitamin C content, were evaluated on the selected enriched apple juices. The addition of GE and CEO caused changes in nutritional characteristics, including antioxidant capacity, total phenol, flavonoids, vitamin C, and IC50, from 35 g/100 g, 350 mg GAE/g, 17 mg/L, 370 mg/kg, and 1,800 mg/kg to 45 g/100 g, 460 mg GAE/g, 21 mg/L, 420 mg/kg, and 1,200 mg/kg respectively. The steady shear flow and dynamic oscillatory shear rheological tests were also performed on the screened samples, and results showed that the addition of dietary fiber in apple juices increased the apparent viscosity, storage modulus, loss modulus, and complex viscosity. In general, adding plant extracts and processed essential oil to apple juice increased the nutritional-nutraceutical value and sensory attributes of apple juice.